基于Dincer模型不同干燥方式下光皮木瓜干燥特性研究

目的基于Dincer模型探究不同干燥方式下光皮木瓜的干燥特性,为应用Dincer模型分析中药干燥传热传质过程及筛选适宜的光皮木瓜干燥技术和工艺提供理论依据。方法采用气体射流冲击、中短波红外和真空脉动干燥技术干燥厚度为12mm的光皮木瓜切片,采用气体射流冲击干燥9、12、15mm厚度的光皮木瓜切片,研究其干燥特性并测定干燥后的色泽、维生素C(VC)、总黄酮、复水比和微观结构。结果相同干燥温度下,3种干燥技术干燥速率从大到小分别为气体射流冲击、中短波红外及真空脉动干燥技术,对应干燥活化能(E_a)为43.10、36.95、20.37 kJ/mol;减小切片厚度有助于提高干燥效率。Weibull分布函数模拟结果表明,不同干燥条件下的尺度参数α为47.85～324.51,α越小干燥时间越短,气体射流冲击和中短波红外干燥形状参数β在0.859 9～0.980 6,说明干燥为内部水分扩散控制的降速干燥过程,而真空脉动干燥条件下β介于1.218 7～1.290 8,说明干燥受内部水分扩散和表面水分蒸发所共同主导;估算水分扩散系数(D_(cal))在1.66×10~(-8)～1.13×10~(-7) m~2/s,随着α值的增大而减小。Dincer模型分析干燥特性表明,不同干燥条件下滞后因子(G)为1.135 6～1.337 6,说明干燥初期均有短暂的升速干燥过程;传热毕渥数(Bi)值在1.1714～136.0412,且随着干燥温度的升高而减小,水分有效扩散系数(D_(eff))在3.26×10~(-9)～6.33×10~(-8) m~2/s,相同干燥温度下D~*_(eff)D_(eff)D_(cal);传质系数(k)为9.02×10~(-6)～8.82×10~(-5)m/s,随着干燥温度的升高而增大。气体射流冲击干燥适合于光皮木瓜片的干燥加工,在实验参数范围内,干燥温度60℃、切片厚度12 mm为最优干燥工艺,干燥时间为5 h、明亮度L*为62.80±1.70、色差值ΔE为19.62±2.60、VC和黄酮质量分数分别为(1.107 8±0.005 0)mg/g和(36.74±0.60)mg/g、复水比为7.11±0.24。结论该研究可为应用Dincer模型在中药干燥过程分析传热传质特性及筛选适宜的光皮木瓜干燥条件提供理论依据和技术支持。     

Home induction and outpatient treatment of kratom use disorder with buprenorphine-naloxone: A case report in a young adult

Abstract

Background: The use of the natural product, kratom, has increased significantly in recent years. The active compounds in kratom have been shown to produce both opioid and stimulant-like effects. While kratom is marketed as a safe, non-addictive method to treat pain and opioid withdrawal, there have been reports demonstrating that kratom is physiologically addictive and linked to overdose deaths. A limited number of case-reports are available describing treatment of kratom use disorder in middle-aged adults, generally in the context of chronic pain and in inpatient settings. Our case is unique in that we describe outpatient treatment of kratom use disorder in a young adult with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and in the absence of chronic pain. Case: A 20-year-old college student with ADHD presented to an office-based opioid agonist treatment clinic (OBOT) for treatment of kratom use disorder. He was unable to attend inpatient or residential substance use treatment due to work and school obligations. Additionally, he had stopped taking his prescribed stimulant due to cardiac side effects. The OBOT team successfully initiated buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP/NAL) sublingual films via home induction to treat his kratom use disorder. The patient is being monitored monthly with plans to slowly taper his BUP/NAL dose as tolerated. Discussion: We present a case of a young adult male with kratom use disorder, complicated by a diagnosis of ADHD, successfully treated with BUP/NAL via home induction. The patient is currently kratom-free, reports improved mood and sleep patterns since initiating BUP/NAL, and is able to once again tolerate his ADHD stimulant medication. Healthcare providers should be aware of the use of kratom and consider utilizing BUP/NAL to treat dependence to this botanical drug.     

Evaluation of Brazilian plants on cancer chemoprevention targets in vitro

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Cancer chemoprevention is one of the promising strategies to decrease its incidence and both plant extracts and natural products may constitute sources of new chemoprevention agents. Some Brazilian species popularly used to treat inflammatory conditions were selected for evaluation for cancer chemoprevention. A total of 32 extracts/fractions from Hancornia speciosa, Davilla elliptica, Jacaranda caroba, Mansoa hirsuta, Remija ferrugina, Solanum paniculatum and Xyris pterygoblephara, along with a mixture of ursolic and oleanolic acids obtained from J. caroba and a dihydroisocoumarin isolated from aerial parts of X. pterygoblephara were tested for their cancer chemoprevention activity [inhibition of 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐mediated NF‐κB activation, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and cyclooxygenase‐1 (COX‐1); induction of antioxidant response element (ARE)]. Several extracts / fractions were active in more than one assay and those from H. speciosa, M. hirsuta and J. caroba mediated strong responses with NF‐κB, COX‐1 and ARE, respectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

皱皮木瓜的化学成分

目的对皱皮木瓜(Chaenomeles speciosa(Sweet.)Nakai)果实的乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分进行化学成分研究。方法利用多种色谱方法进行成分分离;根据物理化学性质和波谱学手段对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为齐敦果酸(oleanolicacid,1)、白桦酸(betulinic acid,2)、3O乙酰坡模酸(3Oacetyl pomolic acid,3)、绿原酸乙酯(ethylchlorogenate,4)、原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid,5)、没食子酸(gallic acid,6)、曲酸(kojic acid,7)。结论化合物4~7为木瓜属中首次分离得到的化合物。     

光皮木瓜化学成分的研究(Ⅱ)

目的：研究光皮木瓜［Ｃｈａｅｎｏｍ ｅｌｅｓｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｔｈｏｕｉｎ．） Ｋｏｅｈｎｅ］果实中的化学成分,为进一步开发利用木瓜资源提供理论依据。方法：采用溶剂法和层析法分离、纯化光皮木瓜的化学成分,并通过理化性质与波谱数据,鉴定所得化合物的分子结构。结果和结论：从光皮木瓜果实的乙醇提取物中分离得到７个单体化合物,分别鉴定为棕榈酸（Ⅴ）、乌索酸－３－Ｏ－山嵛酸酯（Ⅵ）、乌索酸（Ⅶ）、３－乙酰乌索酸（Ⅷ）、３－乙酰坡模醇酸（Ⅸ）、胡萝卜苷（Ⅹ）和桦木酸（Ⅺ）。所有化合物均是首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物Ⅵ为一新化合物。     

大花紫薇提取物对STZ致Ⅱ型糖尿病小鼠的降糖作用研究

[目的]探讨大花紫薇提取物对链脲佐菌素（STZ）致Ⅱ型糖尿病小鼠糖耐量的影响及降糖作用.[方法]采用ICR小鼠饲喂高糖高脂饲料加ipSTZ 70 mg·kg^-1诱导搪尿病模型.选取造模成功的小鼠随机分为模型组、盐酸二甲双胍组（550mg· kg^-1）、大花紫薇提取物三个剂量组（20、40、60 mg·kg^-1）1每组10只,灌胃给药连续7W.观察糖耐量,检测血糖、血清胰岛素（Ins）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、果糖胺（GSP）及肝糖原（Gly）,根据血糖和胰岛素（Ins）计算胰岛素敏感性指数（ISI）.[结果]与模型对照组相比,大花紫薇提取物三个剂量20、40、60 mg·kg^-1均能明显降低Ⅱ型糖尿病小鼠血糖、GSP水平（P＜0.01）及HbA1c水平（P＜0.05）,增加血清胰岛素和肝糖原含量（P＜0.01）,升高胰岛素敏感性指数（P＜0.01）;糖耐量试验结果显示,大花紫藿提取物三个剂量20、40、60 mg· kg^-1均能降低小鼠在给予葡萄糖后各时间点血糖值及血糖曲线下面积.[结论]大花紫薇提取物具有降血糖作用,并能改善糖耐量,其降糖作用可能与提高胰岛素敏感性、改善胰岛素相对分泌不足、促进肝糖原合成有关.     

宣木瓜中重金属、农药残留及黄曲霉毒素的测定

目的考察宣木瓜药食安全性,为其质量控制提供依据。方法采用石墨炉原子光谱法、火焰原子光谱法以及原子荧光法,检测8批宣木瓜样品中铅、镉、铜、砷和汞的含量;采用气相色谱法检测相同样品中有机氯、菊酯类和有机磷农药残留;利用免疫亲和层析柱净化-超高效液相色谱法检测自然条件下贮藏1~2年的宣木瓜样品中黄曲霉毒素含量。结果采集的8批宣木瓜样品铅、镉、铜、砷和汞含量均未超出规定限量;有机氯、有机磷和除虫菊酯类农药残留量均在检测限以下,未能被检出;贮藏的6批宣木瓜样品黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2总量均在检测限以下,未能被检出。结论来源于主产区的宣木瓜在重金属、农药残留及黄曲霉毒素的检查项目上均合格,呈现良好的药食安全性品质。     

Evaluation of the Wound Healing Properties of Hancornia speciosa Leaves

The leaves of Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae), a medicinal species found in the Brazilian cerrado biome, are traditionally used to treat wounds and inflammatory disorders. The goal of the present study was to investigate the in vitro wound healing properties of ethanolic extract of H. speciosa leaves and its isolated compounds, using the scratch assay, and to evaluate their effects on the release of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated human acute monocytic (THP‐1) cells. H. speciosa ethanolic extract significantly increased (42.8% ± 5.4 at 25 µg/mL) cell migration and proliferation of fibroblasts compared with control cells, as well as the isolated compounds bornesitol (80.8% ± 5.1) and quinic acid (69.1% ± 6.2), both assayed at 50 μM. TNF‐α release by LPS‐stimulated THP‐1 cells was significantly reduced by the ethanolic extract (62.9% ± 8.2, i.e. 1791.1 ± 394.7 pg/mL) at 10 µg/mL, bornesitol (48.9% ± 0.9, i.e. 2461.6 ± 43.1 pg/mL) at 50 μM, and quinic acid (90.2% ± 3.4, i.e. 473.5 ± 164.4 pg/mL) and rutin (82.4% ± 5.6, i.e. 847.0 ± 271.8 pg/mL) at 10 μM. These results provided evidences to support the traditional use of H. speciosa leaves to treat wounds and inflammatory disorders. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

资丘木瓜采收期对商品性状的影响

目的：了解资丘木瓜采收期对商品性状的影响,确定能保持其传统性状特征的最佳采收期。方法：测定不同采收期资丘木瓜的醇溶性浸出物含量、重量以及酸度,并对资丘木瓜产区近3年的天气情况进行总结,结合产地晒制加工过程,探讨适宜采收期。结果：从6月7日~8月27日,资丘木瓜果实平均重量6月最低,8月最高,其密度以7月中旬最高;在整个采收时间内,资丘木瓜的醇溶性浸出物含量变化不明显;7月中下旬为高温、干燥少雨天气,适于晒制。结论：结合传统习惯,晒制条件,商品性状,确定资丘木瓜的最佳采收期为7月中旬。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定资木瓜中的微量元素

目的测定资木瓜的微量元素含量,为资木瓜的综合利用提供理论依据。方法用HNO3＋HClO4对资木瓜进行湿法消解,用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定资木瓜中Fe,Ca,Cu,Zn,Mg等5种微量元素的含量。结果资木瓜的Fe,Ca,Cu,Zn,Mg含量分别为48.55～89.52μg/g,3070.13～4020.02μg/g,1.64～6.56μg/g,12.83～16.03μg/g,3876.65～4967.94μg/g,回收率为91.14%～101.26%。结论资木瓜含有大量人体必需的Fe,Ca,Cu,Zn,Mg等微量元素,含量测定方法简单、快速,结果令人满意。