Circulating coxsackievirus A16 identified as recombinant type A human enterovirus, China

To determine the relationship of coxsackievirus A16 (CA16) to prototype CA16-G10, we conducted a phylogenetic analysis of circulating CA16 strains in China. Complex recombinant forms of CA16-related viruses involving multiple human enteroviruses, subgroup A (CA4, CA16, and enterovirus 71), are prevalent among patients with hand, foot, and mouth disease.     

Experimental-Numerical Study on the Flexural Ultimate Capacity of Prestressed Concrete Box Girders Subjected to Collision

Precise evaluation for flexural ultimate capacity of bridges which are subjected to the collision of over-height trucks is essential for making decisions on corresponding maintenance, strengthening or replacement. When the span of a cross-line continuous bridge with a double-box girder was hit by an overly high vehicle, the concrete floor of one girder was severely damaged, and part of the prestressed strands and reinforcements in the girder were broken. After the double-box girder was removed and separated into two single box girders, the ultimate flexural capacity of both box girders was studied by destructive tests, and a comparison was made between the damaged and undamaged girders. Moreover, finite element analysis was conducted to simulate the failure process. The results show that the flexural bearing capacity of the damaged box girder decreased by 33%, but it was still 1.07 times greater than the design bearing capacity, which basically meets the design requirements. Also, the damaged box girder showed a desirable serviceable limit state for three-axle vehicles and five-axle vehicles, but showed an undesirable serviceable limit state for six-axle vehicles. This study shows that repairing or strengthening the damaged span may be better than demolishing and rebuilding the whole superstructure bridge.     

2011-2015年河北省手足口病流行特征及病原特征分析

目的 分析河北省手足口病（hand foot and mouth disease,HFMD）的流行特征及病原学构成,为手足口病的防控提供科学依据。方法 利用描述流行病学方法对河北省2011-2015年疾病监测信息报告系统上报的手足口病病例和实验室检测结果进行统计分析。结果 2011-2015年累计报告手足口病病例349 113例,年均发病率为95.91/10万,其中2012年和2014年报告发病率最高,呈现隔年高水平流行的现象。高发期集中在5~7月,10~12月间又出现一个次高峰或“拖尾”峰,患者主要为≤5岁儿童,尤其以1~3岁组婴幼儿为主。各地区发病水平存在差异,以发病率和重症率为分类指标对各地市进行聚类分析和赋值评价,得到重点防控地区为廊坊市、沧州市、衡水市、石家庄市、保定市和承德市。不同年份病原构成亦不同,在2013年和2015年其他肠道病毒分别取代柯萨奇病毒A组16型（coxsachievirus A16,CoxA16）、肠道病毒71型（enterovirus 71,EV71）成为当年主要病原体,构成比高达44.89%和66.23%。结论 河北省手足口病呈现明显的季节、人群以及一定的地区分布规律,应进一步关注手足口病病原谱的变化,加强重点地区防控。     

DRESS syndrome: a detailed insight

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a serious and potentially fatal adverse effect to therapeutic medications. The incidence of this condition varies among different ethnicities because of the difference in the genetic makeup. Though fever, rash and eosinophilia are essential features for the diagnosis of this syndrome, these vary from patient to patient along with the involvement of various organs such as liver, kidney, lungs, pancreas, etc. Some of the atypical features are dysphagia, agranulocytosis, and chylous ascites. Phenytoin, phenobarbitone, carbamazepine, and allopurinol are the most common drugs responsible for developing this syndrome, although the list is fairly long. Among the criteria used for the diagnosis of DRESS syndrome, European Registry of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions to Drugs and Collection of Biological Samples (RegiSCAR) criteria is the most commonly used one. The management of this syndrome involves early removal of the causative agent and treatment with anti-histamines and emollients in the mild form, corticosteroids in the moderate form and plasmapheresis in the severe form along with other alternatives drugs. Healthcare professionals should be more vigilant about the early manifestations of this syndrome, as early diagnosis and treatment improve outcomes considerably.     

球形芽孢杆菌C_（3－41）菌株的晶体和芽孢的分离

本文报道球形芽孢杆菌Ｃ３－４１菌株的晶体和芽孢的分离方法。采用１００μｇ／ｍｌ的溶菌酶处理培养物和４４％复方泛影葡胺离心，可使芽孢含量比例由５５～７５％提高到９０～９６％，但用优选的６号固体培养基培养时，芽孢纯度可达９８％以上。采用５０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ二硫苏糖醇（ＤＴＴ）处理芽孢，在－３０℃和室温下冻融及４２％复方泛影葡胺离心程序，离心管上清液中可获得高纯度的被分离的晶体。     

高血压伴焦虑抑郁障碍的研究进展

高血压作为全球高发的疾病,是许多心脑血管疾病的主要危险因素,给社会带来巨大的经济负担。近年来,焦虑障碍和抑郁障碍的发病率逐年上升,高血压共病焦虑抑郁的人数也在不断增加,现有的研究表明两者可能存在相互促进的关系,在发病机制上也有一定共通性,但两者共病的机制尚未完全阐明。本文就原发性高血压伴焦虑抑郁障碍的定义及诊断量表、流行病学、相互影响机制和治疗等展开综述。     

急性冠脉综合征患者冠状动脉计算机断层扫描血管成像斑块定量分析的对比研究

目的 应用冠状动脉计算机断层扫描血管成像(CCTA)斑块定量分析,比较急性冠脉综合征(ACS)和稳定性冠心病(SCAD)患者冠状动脉斑块成分与负荷特征。方法 回顾性纳入2021年1月至3月就诊于中国人民解放军总医院第一医学中心心血管内科的116例冠心病(CAD)患者的临床资料,根据患者临床诊断结果将其分为ACS组(81例)和SCAD组(35例)。2组患者均在14 d内先后接受CCTA和冠状动脉造影检查。采用CCTA斑块定量分析软件测量各类斑块成分体积及负荷、最小管腔直径和重构指数(RI)、偏心指数(EI)等影像学指标并比较分析。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,组间比较分别采用t检验、Wilcoxon检验及χ²检验。结果 ACS组患者较SCAD组患者具有更大的总斑块负荷(TPB)、非钙化成分负荷(NCPB)和脂质成分负荷(LPB),差异均有统计学意义[(60.5±11.2)%和(51.7±14.4)%,(58.9±12.0)%和(50.1±15.2)%,17.9%(11.6%,27.6%)和14.2%(7.5%,20.8%),均P<0.0...     

Biochar Synthesis from Mineral- and Ash-Rich Waste Biomass,Part 1: Investigation of Thermal Decomposition Mechanism during Slow Pyrolysis

Synthesizing biochar from mineral- and ash-rich waste biomass (MWB), a by-product of human activities in urban areas, can result in renewable and versatile multi-functional materials, which can also cater to the need of solid waste management. Hybridizing biochar with minerals, silicates, and metals is widely investigated to improve parent functionalities. MWB intrinsically possesses such foreign materials. The pyrolysis of such MWB is kinetically complex and requires detailed investigation. Using TGA-FTIR, this study investigates and compares the kinetics and decomposition mechanism during pyrolysis of three types of MWB: (i) mineral-rich banana peduncle (BP), (ii) ash-rich sewage sludge (SS), and (iii) mineral and ash-rich anaerobic digestate (AD). The results show that the pyrolysis of BP, SS, and AD is exothermic, catalyzed by its mineral content, with heat of pyrolysis 5480, 4066, and 1286 kJ/kg, respectively. The pyrolysis favors char formation kinetics mainly releasing CO₂ and H₂O. The secondary tar reactions initiate from ≈318 °C (BP), 481 °C (SS), and 376 °C (AD). Moreover, negative apparent activation energies are intrinsic to their kinetics after 313 °C (BP), 448 °C (SS), and 339 °C (AD). The results can support in tailoring and controlling sustainable biochar synthesis from slow pyrolysis of MWB.     

Predictions and Experiments on the Distortion of the 20Cr2Ni4A C-ring during Carburizing and Quenching Process

This paper focuses on the effect of gear steel on distortion due to phase transformation in carburizing and quenching. The carburizing and quenching process of C-rings under suspension was studied by using the finite element method based on the thermo-mechanical theory, considering phase transformation. The phase transformation kinetics parameters, depending on different carbon contents, were measured by Gleeble-3500. The distortion behavior of the carburized C-ring during the cooling stage was analyzed, as well as the carbon concentration distribution and martensite volume fractions. The accuracy of the simulation was also verified by comparing the experimental data with the simulated result of the distortion and microstructure. A reliable basis is provided for predicting the distortion mechanism of gear steels in carburizing and quenching.     

传统扬琴的地域特征

扬琴是一种有着广泛的世界性和民族性的击弦乐器,于明代自国外传至中国。四百多年采扬琴在中国传统音乐文化环境的影响下,不断和民间音乐融合,并在一代代的扬琴艺人的探索和创新中,发展成了具有中国特色的民族乐器,成为世界扬琴三大体系之一的中国扬琴体系,同时形成了中国传统扬琴的四大流派。