Impact of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (<Emphasis Type="Italic">MTHFR</Emphasis>) codon (677) and methionine synthase (<Emphasis Type="Italic">MS</Emphasis>) codon (2756) on risk of cervical carcinogenesis in North Indian population

Cervical cancer continues to be the most common cause of death among women in developing countries. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and methionine synthase (MS) are critical enzymes of folate metabolic pathways. In this work, we have conducted a case–control study to assess the role of these two polymorphisms in cervical cancer development. We obtained blood samples from 200 women with cervical cancer and from equal matched controls and analysed using PCR-RFLP method. We found that the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase variant CT and CT + TT genotypes decreased cervix cancer risk, statistically significant (OR:0.30, 95% CI: 0.18–0.51, P < 0.001 for CT and OR:0.29, 95% CI: 0.18–0.49, P = 0.0000006 for CT + TT). Similarly in those patients who used oral contraceptive with variant CT genotype, there was statistically highly significant reduced risk of cervix cancer (OR:0.25, 95% CI: –0.12–0.49, P < 0.001) of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene. For the methionine synthase, 2756 variant AG and AG + GG genotypes were similarly associated with highly significant reduced risk of cervix cancer (OR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.07–0.26, P < 0.001 for AG, and OR: 0.15, 95% CI: 0.08–0.27, P < 0.001 for AG + GG) genotypes. In conclusion, our study suggested that methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and methionine synthase polymorphisms might have protective effect on the risk of cervical cancer in the North Indian women.     

构建模块化实践教学新体系培养应用型病理人才

结合医学教育标准,为全面提高医学人才培养的质量,本校对病理方向学生构建了模块化实践教学新体系,学生的创新和实践能力得到了培养与提高。取得了一些较好的成果。     

结核性淋巴结炎针吸细胞病理学分型与结核抗体相互关系研究

目的 重点开发研究结核性淋巴结炎在各期(即前期、早期、中期、晚期、恢复期),各种病理细胞形态特点和结构特征及相关细胞背景为依托,成为结核性淋巴结炎独特的诊断指标.方法 利用小针头针吸细胞病理学新技术、新分型研究观察结核性淋巴结炎不同期与各种抗体,OT和PPD,相互变化关系研究.结果 表明结核性淋巴结炎针吸细胞病理学的分型、分期诊断,具有创伤小、定位准确、安全可靠、简单快捷、经济实用,可在结核不同病期,不同阶段,都有较敏感、较特异、较准确的可靠诊断指标,从而提高结核性淋巴结炎诊断的准确性.结论 结核性淋巴结炎针吸细胞病理分型,无论从特异性和敏感性都力创国内外最高水准,诊断符合率高达99.3%,且能解决淋巴腺结核微小病变早期诊断问题,是任何传统方法无法比拟的优点.     

论盛唐七律新变

七律倡于初唐,至盛唐而极。与初唐七律相比,盛唐七律在多方面力求新变,表现为：一、酬答送别的题材得到充分开拓。二、以兴趣情韵见长,在创设意境方面技法娴熟;三、意象的选择、组合,有了明显创新;四、善于借鉴歌行乐府的写作技法,使得七律在规整之中有着灵动之美。五、在平仄上既严守程法,又尝试新法。盛唐七律确“足为万世程法”。     

正确理解病理报告中的专业术语

病理检查是疾病诊断的一项重要手段,病理报告是对疾病诊断的客观描述。正确理解病理报告中的专业术语,有助于疾病的诊断、治疗及康复。     

清炎颗粒治疗小鼠肾盂肾炎的实验研究

目的:探讨清炎颗粒治疗肾盂肾炎的作用机制。方法:采用孙建实方法改进造模,除空白组正常喂养外,治疗组给予清炎颗粒,模型组给予生理盐水,对照组给予至灵胶囊灌胃,分别喂养至3,7,15,30,60 d处死。取胸腺称重,计算胸腺指数,并取肾做病理分析。结果:清炎颗粒能提高不同时段小鼠的胸腺指数,并减轻相应时段的病理改变。结论:清炎颗粒通过提高小鼠的免疫功能来达到治疗肾盂肾炎的目的。     

Effect of Agroecosystems on Seroprevalence of St. Louis Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses in Birds,La Pampa,Argentina, 2017–2019

In Argentina, the Pampa ecoregion has been almost completely transformed into agroecosystems. To evaluate the environmental (agricultural area, tree coverage, distance to the nearest water body and urban site) and biological (dove, cowbird, and sparrow abundance) effects on free-ranging bird exposure to St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and West Nile virus (WNV), we used generalized linear mixed models. For 1,019 birds sampled during 2017–2019, neutralizing antibodies were found against SLEV in samples from 60 (5.8%) birds and against WNV for 21 (2.1%). The best variable for explaining SLEV seroprevalence was agricultural area, which had a positive effect; however, for WNV, no model was conclusive. Our results suggest that agroecosystems in the La Pampa ecoregion increase the exposure of avian hosts to SLEV, thus potentially increasing virus activity.     

Clinical profile and distribution of peripheral retinal changes in myopic population in a hospital-based study in North India

Purpose:To evaluate the prevalence of different types of peripheral retinal changes in a myopic population in North India and correlate them with axial length.Methods:This cross-sectional, hospital-based survey included 600 eyes of 300 myopic individuals, aged between 10 and 40 years, attending the outdoor ophthalmology clinic of a tertiary eye care hospital in North India were examined from July 2019 to July 2020. They were divided into mild, moderate, high, and severe myopia according to the spherical equivalent of refraction. Axial length was recorded. Peripheral retinal changes were examined by scleral indentation binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy. Standardized findings considered with their fundus location were lattice degeneration, white without pressure and white with pressure, snail-track degenerations, peripheral chorioretinal atrophy, retinal holes, tears, and detachment. The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee, and all participants provided informed consent.Results:Peripheral retinal degenerations were found in almost half (53%) of all myopes included in the study. The most common peripheral retinal degeneration found was lattice degeneration, followed by white without pressure, white with pressure, and chorioretinal atrophy. Most of the peripheral retinal degenerations were seen in the temporal quadrant of the fundus, either superotemporal or inferotemporal. There was a significant positive association between the prevalence of peripheral retinal degeneration with age, increased axial length, and severity of myopiaConclusion:The results of our study indicate the necessity for careful peripheral fundus examinations of all myopes, irrespective of age and degree of myopia, for early diagnosis and better management of visual-threatening complications like retinal detachment.     

屈光手术前严重视网膜病变的诊治和激光屈光手术的选择

目的:探讨激光屈光术前视网膜病变的及早诊断和处理方法及屈光手术方式的选择和疗效.方法:对预施准分子激光屈光手术的患者,扩瞳行三面镜检查,对有视网膜严重病变如裂孔伴格子样变性和囊样变性等的患者进行治疗,并随访后决定是否行屈光手术及选择何种术式.屈光术后随访24mo以上.结果:共检查648眼,52眼有视网膜裂孔及伴需处理的格子样变性或囊样变性区,占8.0%,有5眼因为视网膜病变严重,在处理眼底病变并随访后,未行准分子激光屈光手术.其余47眼在行激光处理视网膜病变后3wk以上,或冷凝手术3mo以后,查眼底原有视网膜裂孔牢固闭合、格子样变性囊样变性区激光光凝包绕确切并无新裂孔出现且视网膜无脱离,对其中26眼行LASEK手术、21眼行LASIK手术.结论:屈光手术不可忽视视网膜病变,应该将眼底的三面镜检查作为术前的常规检查项目.一旦发现格子样变性、囊样变性区和裂孔等病变,应及时采取预防性激光光凝等治疗,定期随访,如需行近视矫治手术应考虑手术的方法与时机.     

Impact of pathological response after preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on incidences of microvascular invasion and early tumor recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter propensity score matching analysis

BackgroundTo study the influence of pathological responses (PR) after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) on incidences of microvascular invasion (MVI) and early recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.MethodsBetween 2013 to 2015, consecutive HCC patients who underwent liver resection with “curative” intent at three hospitals were enrolled in this study. Patients with different areas of PR after preoperative TACE were compared with those without preoperative TACE on the incidences of MVI, early recurrence rates and patterns of recurrence before and after propensity score matching (PSM).ResultsOf 1,970 patients, 737 patients who received preoperative TACE were divided into three groups according to the areas of PR: ≥90% (n=226), 60–90% (n=447), and <60% (n=64). PR ≥90% was an independent protective factor of incidences of MVI [odds ratio (OR), 0.144; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.082–0.245, P<0.001) and early recurrence (HR, 0.742; 95% CI, 0.561–0.963, P=0.032); while PR<60% was an independent risk factor of incidences of MVI (OR, 6.076; 95% CI, 3.004–11.728, P<0.001) and early recurrence (HR, 1.428; 95% CI, 1.095–1.929; P=0.009). Furthermore, patients with PR <60% were significantly more likely to develop multiple intrahepatic recurrences involving multiple hepatic segments when compared with patients without preoperative TACE.ConclusionsThis study indicated the area of PR after TACE was closely associated with the incidences of MVI and early tumor recurrence. Patients with PR <60% were at significantly higher risks of having more MVI, early and multiple tumor recurrences