Changes in retinoblastoma gene expression during cervical cancer progression

The role of tumour suppressor genes in the development of human cancers has been studied extensively. In viral carcinogenesis, the inactivation of suppressor proteins such as retinoblastoma (pRb) and p53, and cellular oncogenes overexpression, such as c-myc, has been the subject of a number of investigations. In uterine-cervix carcinomas, where high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) plays an important role, pRb and p53 are inactivated by E7 and E6 viral oncoproteins, respectively. However, little is known about the in situ expression of some of these proteins in pre-malignant and malignant cervical tissues. On the other hand, it has also been demonstrated that c-myc is involved in cervical carcinogenesis, and that pRb participates in the control of c-myc gene expression. By using immunostaining techniques, we investigated pRb immunodetection pattern in normal tissues, squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs) and invasive carcinomas from the uterine cervix. Our data show low pRb detection in both normal cervical tissue and invasive lesions, but a higher expression in SILs. C-Myc protein was observed in most of the cellular nuclei of the invasive lesions, while in SILs was low. These findings indicate a heterogeneous pRb immunostaining during the different stages of cervical carcinogenesis, and suggest that this staining pattern could be a common feature implicated in the pathogenesis of uterine-cervix carcinoma.     

New technique for posterior intra-articular arthrodesis using a single-block graft in cases of atlantoaxial instability

A new method of posterior C1-2 arthrodesis, derived from the W. V. Cone and G. Bertrand, technique (Montreal, 1970) is described with two modifications: (1) the exact measurements of the ideal graft are determined preoperatively, using CT and a sterilized pasteboard horseshoe-shaped model; (2) in the sitting postion, single occipital block graft was cut out microsurgically, using the preoperative model. After decortication of the graft, posterior arches of C1 and 2, and microsurgical excision of the cartilage of the C1-2 lateral joints, the graft was imbedded into the entire C1-2 space, fixed, and tightened using a braid of nylacap yarn. A case report of rotatory luxation and associated atlantoaxial instability in a 10-year-old girl illustrates the excellent functional results of this technique.Presented at the XVII Annual Meeting of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, Bombay 1989     

宫颈活检组织中单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)抗原的检测意义

目的　探讨宫颈癌与HSV 2型感染的关系。方法　免疫组化法、ELISA。结果　用免疫组化法对 37例宫颈癌病理标本 ,10例宫颈不典型增生标本和 2 5例慢性宫颈炎标本进行HSV 2抗原的检测。宫颈癌组中有 32例检出HSV 2抗原 ,不典型增生组和慢性宫颈炎组分别有 7份和 9份检出HSV 2抗原。三组的抗原检出率分别是 86 4 %、70 0 0 %和 36 0 0 %。三组间相比较 ,宫颈癌组与慢性宫颈炎组之间 ,不典型增生组与慢性宫颈炎组之间 ,结果均有显著性差异 (p <0 .0 5 ) ,宫颈癌组与不典型增生组抗原阳性率比较 ,差异无显著性 (p >0 .0 5 )。结论　HSV 2感染与宫颈癌有密切关系。     

CD44V6在宫颈癌中的表达及其意义

目的探讨CD44V66在宫颈癌中的表达及其意义.方法选取我院1995年2月～1999年4月,从未接受过放射治疗、化学治疗及其他特殊治疗的宫颈癌患者标本60例,其中经手术切除的Ⅰ～Ⅱ期宫颈癌标本37例,Ⅲ～Ⅳ期宫颈癌活检标本23例.同期选取正常宫颈上皮组织标本10例,宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)标本14例.采用免疫组织化学SP法观察各组织标本CD44V6的表达.结果随着由正常宫颈组织向宫颈上皮内瘤样病变乃到宫颈癌的逐步发展,CD44V6的表达逐渐增强,其中正常宫颈组织与宫颈癌间存在显著性差异(P＜0.05);其在宫颈癌病理学分级中的阳性表达率亦有显著差异(P＜0.05),癌细胞分化越差,CD44V6的阳性表达率越高;CD44V6在有淋巴结转移者中的阳性表达率较无淋巴结转移者明显增高(p＜0.05);此外,CD44V6的阳性表达率与宫颈癌的临床分期有关,Ⅰ～Ⅱ期宫颈癌中CD44v6的阳性表达率低于Ⅲ～Ⅳ期者,但两者间无显著性差异(p＞0.05).结论CD44V6在宫颈癌的发生、发展及转移过程中发挥着重要作用.     

喉癌颈部淋巴结转移的MRI诊断

目的：探讨ＭＲＩ在喉癌颈部淋巴结转移术前诊断中的作用。方法：对１９例（２４侧）喉癌患者的颈部术前触诊、ＭＲＩ扫描及颈清扫标本病理检查结果进行了对比研究。结果：喉癌颈辨别志移淋巴结在ＭＲＩ影像上基本呈圆形或类圆型,个别可表现为数个淋巴结的融合;ＭＲＩ和临床触诊诊断颈部淋巴结转移的敏感率、特异率和准确率分别为８５．７％、９０．０％、８７．５％和６４．３％、７０．０％、６６．７％,ＭＲＩ诊断的准确率明显     

咽丛神经切断术在发音重建中的作用

目的　为解除咽缩肌的痉挛 ,提高喉全切除术后用发音管发音重建的成功率。方法　在一侧舌骨大角后内侧咽缩肌的后表面 6 5mm左右 ,可找到咽丛神经支配咽下缩肌的主支或分支 ,将其切断。结果　 16例中 15例咽丛神经切断术后发音重建成功 ,成功率为 93 8%。结论　咽丛神经切断术取代咽缩肌切断术是可行的。咽丛神经切断术能提高Blom Singer发音管发音重建的成功率 ,值得推广应用。     

应用半椎板切除对侧潜行诫压术治疗脊髓型颈椎病

目的：观察手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病患者的术后功能改善情况。方法：对２２例脊髓型颈椎病患者采用半椎板切除对侧潜行减压术治疗,术后部效采用日本骨科学会脊髓功能１７分法评定标准,随访３－２３月。结果：该方法减压效果确实,并发症少,出血少。同时该 广,技术简捷,不影响颈椎的稳定性。结论：半椎板切除对侧潜行减压术是一种治疗颈椎病较好的手术方法。文章结果还显示了脊髓损害的性质也是影响疗效的重要因素。     

The treatment of spondylotic cervical myelopathy by ventral discectomy. Long term results on 121 patients

The pathophysiology of spondylotic cervical myeolopathy is still a matter of discussion. This paper presents a series of 126 patients operated on using a ventral approach. In 47% of the patients only a spondylotic narrowing of the spinal canal was present and in 35% an additional disc herniation was found. In 13% of the cases however a soft disc without spondylotic spures was found and in 5% a dislocation of vertebral bodies. We found a marked male preponderance of 77%, mean age was 51.6 years, ranging from 25–50 years. Most patients were operated on at the levels of C4/5 and C5/6. Observation time covered a period of 3–10 years. The outcome was rated relatively to the preoperative degree of disablement using a questionnaire for the patients and their family doctors. We found a marked difference in the answers, especially in rating deterioration, which was stated by patients in 34%, by physicians only in 12%. Another finding was the time-related out-come. We found best results with 75% improvement and 5% deterioration between 3–6 months postoperatively, with increasing time the results decreased to 33% improvement, 33% identical statys and in 33% a deterioration related to the preoperative status must be noted.     

SEARCH FOR HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE2（HSV－2）AND HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS（HPV）IN THE NORMAL AND ABNORMAL CERVICAL SAMPLES

ＳＥＡＲＣＨＦＯＲＨＥＲＰＥＳＳＩＭＰＬＥＸＶＩＲＵＳＴＹＰＥ２（ＨＳＶ－２）ＡＮＤＨＵＭＡＮＰＡＰＩＬＬＯＭＡＶＩＲＵＳ（ＨＰＶ）ＩＮＴＨＥＮＯＲＭＡＬＡＮＤＡＢＮＯＲＭＡＬＣＥＲＶＩＣＡＬＳＡＭＰＬＥＳＺｈａｎｇＷｅｉ;张伟;ＪｉｎＳｈｕｎｑｉａ...     

Influence of age and human papillomavirus-infection on reliability of cervical cytopathology

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of age and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection associated cellular changes on the predictive value of cervical cytology. In a group of 671 women with Papanicolaou smears suggesting low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or invasive cervical cancer, cervical cytology was correlated with the histological finding. Predictive values were calculated and related to severity of the lesion, age and HPV associated changes. The predictive values of Papanicolaou (cervical) smears suggesting LSIL, HSIL and invasive carcinoma were 40%, 86%, and 78%, respectively. A poor predictive value of smears suggesting LSIL was found among older women. HPV associated changes were diagnosed in 80% of women 25 years of age, 66% in the age group 26 to 35 years, 51% in the age group 36 to 45 years and 38% in women aged 46 years (P = 0.03). The presence of HPV associated cellular changes led to a significantly higher number of overdiagnoses (9% with HPV infection compared to 4% without HPV infection) and HPV negative cases were more frequently associated with underdiagnosis (15% without HPV infection compared to 8% with HPV infection,P = 0.0011). This result remained significant after adjustment for age (P = 0.004). Cellular changes associated with HPV infection most frequently occurred in young women. HPV infection should therefore be acknowledged as source of overdiagnosis in the cytological evaluation of SIL especially in woung women.Supported by the Research Grant of the Mayor of Vienna (no. 1045 [to Dr. Kainz])