Differentiating benign from malignant cardiac tumors with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

Background

The purpose of this analysis is to describe the differences in cardiac magnetic resonance characteristics between benign and malignant tumors, which would be helpful for surgical planning.

Rescue of the Cold Preserved Rat Liver by Hypothermic Oxygenated Machine Perfusion

The aim of the study was to investigate whether hypothermic oxygenated liver perfusion after cold liver preservation resuscitated metabolic parameters and whether this treatment had a benefit for liver viability upon reperfusion.
We preserved rat livers either by cold storage (UW) for 10 h, or by perfusion for 3 h (oxygenated modified UW) after 10 h cold storage. We assessed viability of livers after preservation and after ischemic rewarming + normothermic reperfusion ex vivo . Ten hour cold storage reduced mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase and metabolically depleted the livers. Oxygenated perfusion after cold storage resulted in uploaded cellular energy charge and oxidized mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase. Reperfusion after 10 h cold storage increased formation of superoxid anions, release of cytosolic LDH, lipid peroxidation, caspase activities and led to disruption of sinusoidal endothelial cells. In contrast, reperfusion after 10 h cold storage + 3 h hypothermic oxygenated perfusion resulted in no changes of lipid peroxidation, bile flow, energy charge, total glutathione, LDH release and of caspase activation, as compared to fresh resected livers.
This study demonstrates, that a metabolically depleted liver due to cold storage can be energy recharged by short-termed cold machine perfusion. The machine perfused graft exhibited improved viability and functional integrity.     

幽门螺杆菌细胞毒素相关蛋白A在脑梗死中的作用

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌细胞毒素相关蛋白A(Cag-A)与脑梗死发生的关系。方法使用酶联免疫法测定100名患者和50名健康对照者Cag-A抗体,并对脑梗死患者检测CagA-HP-IgG阳性及阴性情况下颈动脉斑块和脑梗死相关因素水平。结果脑梗死组血清CagA-HP-IgG阳性率为62%,而对照组为38%,两组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。脑梗死组CagA-HP-IgG阳性100%存在颈动脉斑块;而CagA-HP-IgG阴性者仅55%存在颈动脉斑块,两者之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。CagA-HP-IgG阳性的脑梗死患者CRP水平及血纤维蛋白原水平均显著高于CagA-HP-IgG阴性者(P<0.05)。结论Cag-A阳性菌株感染与脑梗死的发生有关,是其发病的危险因素。     

多体素1H-MRS对脑胶质瘤、转移瘤及脑脓肿的鉴别诊断研究

目的 探讨多体素氢质子磁共振波谱（^1H-MRS）在脑胶质瘤、单发转移瘤、体积较大脑脓肿鉴别诊断中的应用价值及胶质瘤瘤体周围的微观结构的改变。资料与方法 搜集脑胶质瘤26例、单发转移瘤9例、大体积脑脓肿4例，均行^1H-MRS检查。比较脑胶质瘤与单发转移瘤瘤体及瘤周胆碱（Cho）／N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）、Cho／肌酐类物质（Cr）、NAA／Cr值的差别，并做统计学分析；用HE染色、免疫组织化学、电镜检查等重点观察胶质瘤瘤周微观结构改变。结果 各个级别的胶质瘤与单发转移瘤瘤体之间Cho／NAA值分别为3．14±1．61和2．46±0．83，Cho／Cr值分别为2．57±0．93和2．90±1．93、NAA／Cr值分别为0．96±0．53和1．21±0．80，差异均无明显统计学意义（P值均〉0．05）；而瘤周之间的上述比值为1．74±0．98和0．98±0．23，1．72±0．51和1．09±0．35．1．11±0．30和1．11±0．25，除NAA／Cr外均有明显统计学意义（P值〈0．05）。脑脓肿内部出现特征性波谱，扩散加权成像（DWI）上脓腔显示为高信号。胶质瘤瘤周在光镜及电镜下发现已有瘤细胞浸润。结论 使用多体素^1H-MRS结合常规MRI可鉴别胶质瘤、单发转移瘤、不典型脑脓肿，胶质瘤的瘤细胞可以通过毛细血管转移浸润至瘤周。     

Prediction and Detection of Secondary Hemorrhages after Thrombolytic Therapy in Ischemic Stroke

Abstract It is well established that thrombolytic therapy increases the risk of secondary intracerebral hemorrhage in ischemic stroke patients. However, the term “intracerebral hemorrhage” (ICH) covers a wide spectrum from tiny spots of blood to massive space-occupying hematoma. We will review the etiology and clinical consequences of secondary hemorrhage after thrombolysis in ischemic stroke patients and discuss the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict this phenomenon. MRI is a highly sensitive tool for detection of hemorrhagic transformation after ischemic stroke. The definitions of a so-called symptomatic hemorrhage after ischemic infarction differ considerably and will also be described. Attributing a causal relationship of a clinical deterioration to a secondary hemorrhage is not easy and should be only addressed when it exceeds at least 30% of the infarct volume. In other patients, secondary hemorrhage might be regarded as side effect of reperfusion within the region with the most severe perfusion deficit. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are a frequent finding in patients with leukoaraiosis and appear to be a general marker of various types of bleeding- prone small vessel disease and a predictor of recurrent vascular events. Current data do not support the hypothesis that the detection of CMBs is a useful diagnostic criterion for the exclusion of patients with CMBs from thrombolytic therapy. However, an increased risk for the rare patients with numerous CMBs can not be ruled out.      

Kinetic modeling of PET-FDG in the brain without blood sampling

The aim in this work is to report a new method to calculate parametric images from a single scan acquisition with positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in the human brain without blood sampling. It is usually practical for research or clinical purposes to inject the patient in an isolated room and to start the PET acquisition only for some 10–20 min, about 30 min after FDG injection. In order to calculate the cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (CMRG), usually several blood samples are required. The proposed method considers the relation between the uptake of the tracer in the cerebellum as a reference tissue and the population based input curve. Similar results were obtained for CMRG values with the present method in comparison to the usual autoradiographic and the non-linear least squares fitting of regions of interest.     

丹参注射液治疗老年人急性脑梗塞时间窗的探讨

目的探讨丹参注射液治疗老年人急性脑梗塞的最佳时间窗.方法选择老年人急性脑梗塞患者120例,随机按发病后24～48小时、72～96小时、120～144小时初始给予丹参注射液,分成早治、中治、晚治3组,均给药4周,每日1次,其余常规治疗相同.结果4周和8周后观察疗效、神经功能缺损恢复程度,早治组均明显优于其余两组,但梗塞面积扩大或继发出血3组差异无显著性.结论丹参注射液最有效且安全的时间窗是梗塞后24～48小时内.     

海水浸泡兔脑挫伤后caspase-8及caspase-3表达的研究

目的建立海水浸泡颅脑挫裂伤模型,观察海水浸泡对实验性脑挫裂伤后创伤性脑水肿的影响及研究兔脑挫伤后不同时间caspase-8及caspase-3表达的变化。方法采用立体定向自由落体伤模型进行持续海水浸泡作为实验组,对照组采用同样的方法致伤后不进行海水浸泡。观察创伤组织的病理改变,并通过免疫组化染色和计算机图像分析技术用半定量化的方法检测不同干预不同时程caspase-8和caspase-3的活性表达强弱差异。结果实验组和对照组均发生了创伤性脑水肿,但水肿高峰期出现时间不一致,严重程度也不一致。实验组caspase-8和caspase-3活性表达强度均高于对照组。结论海水浸泡促进了挫裂伤周边缺血水肿区神经细胞凋亡的增加。     

以失用为主要表现的胼胝体梗死

目的探讨胼胝体梗死的临床表现、病因及鉴别诊断特点。方法对2005年7月收治的1例53岁男性胼胝体梗死患者的临床表现、影像学特点、病因机制及其治疗过程进行回顾分析。结果临床主要表现为发作性黑蒙、言语不利,既往有高血压、糖尿病、脑梗死、吸烟、饮酒史,体格检查以失用为主要表现。头部MRI检查可见左侧脑室旁、胼胝体梗死,右侧基底节、脑桥陈旧性腔隙性梗死;脑血管造影检查显示为多发性血管狭窄,其中以左侧大脑中动脉、右侧颈内动脉及基底动脉最为严重。经颈内动脉内膜剥离术及颈内动脉支架植入术治疗,临床症状缓解。结论失用可以是胼胝体梗死的主要表现,其病因是在脑动脉粥样硬化基础上的血流动力学改变,患者预后良好。     

高压氧综合治疗持续植物状态30例疗效分析

目的评估高压氧综合治疗持续植物状态的疗效和探讨最佳治疗方案。方法回顾性分析了1999年—2005年应用高压氧治疗的30例持续植物状态病例,主要分析了原发病因、高压氧治疗次数以及高压氧治疗时机与疗效的关系。结果脑外伤组显效率和好转率明显高于非脑外伤组(P<0.05),开始治疗时间≤30d组及31～60d组好转率明显高于≥61d组(P<0.05)。结论高压氧综合治疗对脑外伤所致持续植物状态患者60d以内开始行高压氧治疗的患者疗效较好。