头孢克肟治疗轻中度社区获得性肺炎患儿疗效评价及不良反应探讨

目的 探究头孢克肟治疗轻中度社区获得性肺炎患儿的临床疗效及不良反应.方法 回顾性分析本院2013年9月至2015年8月收治的1 15例轻中度社区获得性肺炎患儿的临床资料,应用随机数法将其分为研究组58例和参照组57例.参照组患儿给予阿莫西林/克拉维酸进行治疗,研究组则给予头孢克肟颗粒进行治疗.对两组疗效及不良反应结果进行对比.结果 研究组患儿的治疗有效率为87.93％(51/58),与参照组的82.46％(47/57)比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);研究组和参照组的治疗时间及不良反应发生率差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 头孢克肟治疗轻中度社区获得性肺炎的疗效和阿莫西林/克拉维酸相似,且不良反应少,是安全、有效的药物之一.     

高效液相色谱法测定头孢克肟胶囊的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定头孢克肟胶囊中头孢克肟的含量.方法 HPLC色谱系统为ZORBAX-C8柱(4.6 mm×250.0 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈:0.25%四丁基氢氧化铵溶液(取0.4mol/L四丁基氢氧化铵溶液25 mL,用水稀释至1 000mL,用1.5mol/L磷酸调pH至7.0)(1:2,v/v),流速:1.0 mL/min;检测波长:288 nm;温度:2℃.结果 头孢克肟在浓度为10～200μg/mL范围内,与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r=0.9999).平均回收率为100.35%,RSD为1.61%.结论 该法简便可行,快速准确,重现性好,可用于头孢克肟胶囊的质量控制.     

顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定头孢克肟颗粒中乙醇残留量

目的:建立顶空毛细管气相色谱法测定头孢克肟颗粒剂中的乙醇残留量分析方法。方法:采用顶空进样气相色谱法,以丙酮为内标,键合聚乙二醇（HP-INNOWAX）石英毛细管色谱柱;柱升温程序:50℃（保持6 min）,以40℃·min^-1的速率升至150℃（保持5 min）;进样口温度200℃;检测口（FID）温度250℃;氮气为载气,流速:1.0 ml·min^-1;分流进样,分流比1.0:1;顶空温度85℃,平衡时间30 min,进样时间1 min。结果:乙醇在0.02～1.00 mg·nl^-1浓度范围内线性关系良好,r=0.999 7,最低检测限为0.1μg·ml^-1。加样回收率为86.8%,RSD=1.96%。结论:本法简便、快速、结果准确,适用于头孢克肟颗粒剂中乙醇残留量检测。     

儿童清咽解热口服液联合头孢克肟治疗小儿急性咽炎的临床研究

目的 探讨儿童清咽解热口服液联合头孢克肟颗粒治疗小儿急性咽炎的临床疗效.方法 选取2020年2月—2021年10月开封市儿童医院收治的80例急性咽炎患儿,根据随机数字表法将所有患儿分为对照组和治疗组,每组各40例.对照组口服头孢克肟颗粒,2.0 mg/kg,2次/d.治疗组在对照组基础上口服儿童清咽解热口服液,3岁:0...     

Antibacterial activity of cefixime against Salmonella typhi and applicability of Etest

Recent clinical studies have shown the excellent efficacy of cefixime for the treatment of typhoid fever. In this study, the in vitro antibacterial activity of various antibiotics including cefixime against 73 clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi from a variety of sources was evaluated by the conventional agar-dilution method and Etest. Eighteen strains of these 73 isolates were chloramphenicol- and cotrimoxazole- (sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim) resistant, and 12 of these 18 strains were also resistant to amoxicillin because of β-lactamase production. Cefixime showed excellent activity against all 73 strains with an MIC₉₀ value of 0.25 μg/ml. Reflecting its high β-lactamase stability, cefixime also had excellent activity against β-lactamase-producing amoxicillin-resistant strains. Antibacterial activity of cefixime was comparable to ceftriaxone, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, which are often used for the treatment of typhoid fever. The MIC values obtained from the Etest correlated well with the results of the conventional agar-dilution method, suggesting the usefulness of the Etest as a new easy MIC determination method. The microbiological results supplement the previous clinical data, which showed that oral cefixime provides a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of typhoid fever, even in cases of multidrug-resistant S. typhi. Received: December 7, 1998 / Accepted: May 31, 1999     

胆木浸膏片联合头孢克肟治疗上呼吸道感染的临床研究

目的探讨胆木浸膏片联合头孢克肟治疗上呼吸道感染的临床疗效。方法选取2017年5月—2018年5月在成都市青白江区人民医院治疗的上呼吸道感染患者92例,根据用药的不同分为对照组(46例)和治疗组(46例)。对照组口服头孢克肟分散片,100 mg/次,2次/d;治疗组在对照组基础上口服胆木浸膏片,1.5 g/次,3次/d。两组患者均治疗7 d。观察两组患者临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患者临床症状消失时间及降钙素原(PCT)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-10和γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)水平。结果治疗后,对照组临床总有效率为80.43%,显著低于治疗组的97.83%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,治疗组患者发热、咳嗽、咽痛、咽部充血等临床症状消失时间均明显短于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者血清PCT、hs-CRP、IL-1β水平均显著降低(P0.05),IL-10和IFN-γ水平显著升高(P0.05),且治疗组患者炎症因子水平明显优于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论胆木浸膏片联合头孢克肟分散片治疗上呼吸道感染能够明显改善患者临床症状,降低机体炎症反应,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

头孢克肟联合壳聚糖长效抗菌材料治疗儿童寻常性脓疱疮的临床效果

目的：探讨头孢克肟颗粒联合壳聚糖长效抗菌材料治疗儿童寻常性脓疱疮的临床效果和安全性。方法将120例寻常性脓疱疮患儿随机分为两组,各60例。对照组口服头孢克肟颗粒3 mg/（kg·次）,2次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上外用壳聚糖长效抗菌材料,3次/d。两组疗程均为7 d。结果治疗组总有效率为93.33%,对照组总有效率为75.00%,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.45,P<0.05）。两组患儿治疗期间均未出现明显不良反应。结论头孢克肟颗粒联合壳聚糖长效抗菌材料治疗儿童寻常性脓疱疮安全、有效。     

玉屏风颗粒联合头孢克肟治疗儿童反复呼吸道感染的临床研究

目的探讨玉屏风颗粒联合头孢克肟颗治疗儿童反复呼吸道感染的临床疗效。方法选取2016年8月—2017年10月天津市第一中心医院收治的反复呼吸道感染患儿96例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将96例患儿分为对照组和治疗组,每组各48例。对照组患儿口服头孢克肟颗粒,3.0 mg/kg,2次/d。治疗组患儿在对照组治疗的基础上口服玉屏风颗粒,2岁的患儿2.5g/次,≥2岁的患儿5g/次,3次/d。两组患儿均连续治疗5d。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组的炎性因子水平。结果治疗后,对照组、治疗组的总有效率分别为72.92%、91.67%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患儿干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-5(IL-5)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)、降钙素原(PCT)、半胱氨酰白三烯(CysLTs)水平均较治疗前降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);且治疗组患儿的炎性因子水平明显低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论玉屏风颗粒联合头孢克肟颗粒治疗儿童反复呼吸道感染具有较好的临床疗效,能减轻炎症反应,安全性较高,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

Cefixime and ceftriaxone susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Italy from 2006 to 2010

Neisseria gonorrhoeae resistance to cephalosporins, the currently recommended treatment, and treatment failures with cefixime have been reported worldwide. The purposes of the present study were (i) to examine the susceptibility of N. gonorrhoeae isolates isolated in Italy from 2006 through 2010 to cefixime (n = 293) taking into account both European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and Clinical And Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria for categorization; (ii) to determine the contribution to decreased/resistant susceptibility of mutations in the penA, mtrR, ponA and porB1b genes in a subsample of isolates; and (iii) to genotype the isolates showing decreased susceptibility or resistance to cefixime, by N. gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to identify the predominant genotypes. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by the E-test and agar dilution method on 293 isolates and results were interpreted according to both EUCAST 2010 (MIC R >0.12 mg/L) and CLSI 2008 (MIC R >0.25 mg/L) criteria. All isolates showed full susceptibility to ceftriaxone, whereas those with a MIC for cefixime ≥0.125 mg/L were on the increase from 2008 through 2010. The same penA gene alterations were found among isolates with MICs close to the EUCAST breakpoint as the resistant ones, and they belong to ST1407. Seven isolates, belonging to various sequence types, showed a different por allele, though similar to the por 908 allele present in ST1407. PFGE divided strains ST1407 into two main groups confirming their genetic relationship.     

头孢克肟治疗轻中度社区获得性肺炎患儿临床效果观察及不良反应分析

目的探讨轻中度CAP患儿应用头孢克肟治疗的临床效果及不良反应分析。方法选择2011年10月～2013年5月南京医科大学附属南京医院儿科收治的轻中度CAP患儿124例为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将其随机分为对照组（62例）和治疗组（62例）。对照组给予阿莫西林/克拉维酸治疗;治疗组给予头孢克肟胶囊口服治疗,观察两组患儿的临床疗效、治疗时间及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗组总有效率为87.10%,对照组总有效率为80.65%,两组相比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;治疗组总治疗时间[（8.1±1.5）d]高于对照组[（7.8±1.4）d],但两组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两组不良反应均较少,未停药,所有患儿均完成治疗。结论头孢克肟治疗轻中度CAP患儿疗效显著,不良反应少,值得临床推广应用。