通脉活血灵胶囊对实验性高脂血症家兔血脂及动脉粥样硬化的影响

观察通脉活血灵胶囊对实验性高脂血症家兔血脂调节变化和动脉粥样经形成的影响。实验结果表明,高脂饲料喂养家兔可导致高脂血症,并可诱发动脉弱样硬化。     

冠通Ⅰ号对实验性兔动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的　观察冠通Ⅰ号对实验性兔动脉粥样硬化的作用。方法　新西兰大白兔 30只 ,随机分为对照组 (普通颗粒饲料 )、高胆固醇组 (普通颗料饲料 1.5 %胆固醇 )、药物干预组 (普通颗粒饲料 1.5 %胆固醇 冠通Ⅰ号 1.0g/kg·d)。实验前及实验后 9周 ,测定各组兔血清脂质、前列腺素I2 、血栓素B2 及观察主动脉病理学改变。结果　实验前各组兔血清总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三脂 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)、血浆血栓素BC(TXB2 )、6 酮 前列环素F1α(6 keto PGF1α)均无统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。实验 9周后 ,高胆固醇组、药物干预组血清TC、TG、LDL C及血浆TXB2 、TXB2 / 6 keto PGF1α比值均高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但药物干预组低于高胆固醇组 (P <0 .0 5 )。病理切片发现 :药物干预组兔主动脉粥样硬化程度较高胆固醇组兔主动脉粥样硬化程度轻。结论　冠通Ⅰ号具有调整脂质代谢、抗血小板、减轻实验性兔动脉粥样硬化的作用     

慢性肾炎各肾功能与脂质变化的关系及临床意义

通过对６１名不同肾功能的慢性肾炎患者胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、载脂蛋白Ａ（ＡｐｏＡ Ⅰ）及载脂蛋白（ＡｐｏＢ）和高密度脂蛋白（ＨＤＬ－ｃｈ）、低密度脂蛋白（ＬＤＬ－ｃｈ）的测定,并与正常对照组４０例比较。发现慢性肾炎各期患者血清ＴＧ、ＬＤＬ－ｃｈ明显升高,ＨＤＬ－ｃｈ、ＡｐｏＡⅠ下降,这些改变以慢性肾功能不全组明显,ＡｐｏＢ在慢性肾功能衰竭组下降,其余各级升高。笔者在此就慢性肾炎发生继发血     

细胞凋亡与冠心病

细胞凋亡失调涉及人类各种疾病的基本病理机制。最近研究表明 ,细胞凋亡在动脉粥样硬化和冠心病病理过程中具有重要作用。细胞凋亡可降低动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定性 ,增加不稳定性心绞痛和急性心肌梗死的危险性。此外 ,细胞凋亡还参与急性心肌梗死后心室重构过程。     

Serum lipoprotein (a) levels in chronic renal failure and liver cirrhosis patients. Relationship with atherosclerosis

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between lipoprotein (a) levels and the development of atherosclerosis in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients with the possible role of the liver. Serum Lp (a) levels were measured in samples from 20 CRF patients on hemodialysis (HD), 20 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, 20 patients having both CRF and LC and undergoing HD, and 20 normal control subjects. Renal function (blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine), hepatic function (transaminases (ALT and AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin) investigations and serum cholesterol were carried out for all the subjects enrolled in this study. Serum Lp (a) concentration in CRF patients without LC was 87.25 +/- 6.17 mg/dl, which was significantly higher than all the investigated groups (P < 0.001). Lp (a) concentration in patients with both CRF and LC was 24.65 +/- 1.98 mg/dl, which was not significantly different from the controls, but was significantly higher than that in the subjects with LC only (P < 0.001) where the latter group had significantly low Lp (a) values (11.1 +/- 0.99) relative to all the other groups (P < 0.001). Lp (a) correlated positively with cholesterol in all groups except the LC subjects, but did not correlate with age, or renal function in both CRF groups.     

脑卒中患者颈动脉粥样硬化的超声研究

通过对脑梗塞、脑出血和非脑卒中3组患者颈动脉多普勒超声显像(DUS)检查,发现颈动脉粥样硬化(CA)性率分别为70%、63.3%和36.7%,各组病变程度较轻,但脑梗塞组病变程度相对较重,脑出血组CA阳性率与脑梗塞组相似,但斑块积分低于后者(P<0.05).结果提示我国中老年人CA发生率较高,只是病变程度较轻,与同侧脑梗塞密切相关;脑出血患者虽CA病变较轻,但发生率亦高.     

Microembolization from a carotid mural thrombus detected by transcranial Doppler

Over the last few years, many authors have described the possibility of using transcranial Doppler to demonstrate the passage of microemboli in the cerebral arteries. We report the case of a 44-year-old woman with thrombotic diathesis and thrombocytosis who was admitted twice within a short period of time (one and a half months) to a neurological department because of multiple cerebral infarctions. On the occasion of the second admission, a colour-Doppler examination of the epiaortic vessels, which had previously been negative, showed a carotid lesion due to a mural thrombus and, on the same side as the carotid lesion, transcranial Doppler detected short-duration, high-intensity signals in the middle and anterior cerebral arteries, an expression of the passage of microemboli.As already described by other authors in similar clinical situations, our case confirms that transcranial Doppler can identify the passage of microemboli in the circle of Willis.

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Sommario Negli ultimi anni è stata descritta da molti autori la possibilità di dimostrare mediante Doppler transcranico il passaggio di microemboli nelle arterie cerebrali. Riportiamo il caso di una donna di 44 anni con diatesi trombotica e trombocitosi ricoverata per due volte, a breve distanza di tempo (un mese e mezzo), in ambiente neurologico per infarti cerebrali multipli. In occasione del secondo ricovero l'esame Color-Doppler dei vasi epiaortici, che era risultato negativo in precedenza, ha evidenziato una lesione carotidea riferibile a un trombo murale e al Doppler transcranico sono stati rilevati, omolateralmente alla lesione carotidea, segnali di breve durata ed alta intensità nelle arterie cerebrali media e anteriore, espressione di passaggio di microemboli.Come già descritto da alcuni autori in situazioni cliniche simili, il nostro caso conferma la possibilità di individuare, mediante Doppler transcranico, il passaggio di microemboli nel circolo cerebrale.

     

Arterial spasm as a finding intimately associated with the onset of vascular headache

Summary A patient with migraine headaches of the cluster variant type is presented in whom vasospasm of the middle cerebral artery, the anterior cerebral artery and the internal carotid artery triggered a pain episode identical in character and severity to the headaches which had led to her investigation. Vasospasm associated with the painful phase of headache in this case conflicts with the more accepted theory that the pain phase of a vascular headache is related to vasodilatation of cerebral or extracerebral vessels. The literature is reviewed.     

Release of endogenous catecholamines in two different regions of the nucleus of the solitary tract as influenced by carotid occlusion

Summary The effects of carotid occlusion on the release of catecholamines in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) were investigated in anaesthetized cats. Two aspects of the nucleus (rostral or intermediate NTS) were superfused bilaterally through push-pull cannulae with artificial CSF and the release of the endogenous dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline was determined in the superfusate radioenzymatically. The superfusion rate was 150 l/min or 800 l/min. In some experiments, superfusion of the intermediate NTS was carried out after denervation of the aortic arch.In the rostral NTS superfused at a rate of 150 l/min, bilateral carotid occlusion led to a rise in blood pressure and decreased the release rate of dopamine. These changes continued after occlusion termination. The release rate of noradrenaline was transiently diminished during occlusion. The release of this amine was also decreased after occlusion termination. The release rate of adrenaline was not influenced during carotid occlusion, but it was found to be diminished after termination of the occlusion. Superfusion of the rostral NTS at a rate of 800 l/min also reduced the release rate of adrenaline after termination of carotid artery occlusion. In the intermediate NTS (superfusion rate 150 l/min) similar effects of the carotid occlusion on the release rates of dopamine and noradrenaline were observed. In this aspect of the NTS, denervation of the aortic arch abolished the decrease in the noradrenaline release during carotic occlusion, while the release rates of dopamine and adrenaline were decreased during and after termination of the carotid occlusion.The results suggest that (a) the rise in blood pressure in the carotid sinus after termination of a carotid occlusion decreases the release rates of noradrenaline and adrenaline in the NTS, (b) the decrease in the release of noradrenaline during carotid occlusion is due to impulses originating from the baroreceptors of the aortic arch.Thus, impulses from carotid sinus and aortic arch modify the release rates of noradrenaline in the NTS so as to counteract blood pressure changes.Supported by the Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung Send offprint requests to A. Philippu at the above address     

VitE对动脉粥样硬化模型兔肝脏肌球蛋白轻链激酶活性及表达的影响

目的　探讨维生素E(VitE)对动脉粥样硬化模型兔肝脏MLCK活性及表达的影响。方法　复制兔动脉粥样硬化模型 ,用γ 3 2 P参入法检测肝脏MLCK活性 ,免疫荧光法检测肝组织MLCK的表达。结果　动脉粥样硬化兔模型建立成功 ,在喂胆固醇 4wk及 12wk的动物组 ,肝脏MLCK活性[分别为 (1884 8 7± 74 34 3)、(18818 3± 346 9 9)cpm·mg-1protein]与正常对照比较 [(6 6 77 5± 10 9 6 0 )cpm·mg-1pro tein]升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;但在喂胆固醇同时添加VitE后 ,肝脏MLCK活性 [(10 898 8± 2 0 4 1 2 )cpm·mg-1protein]与正常对照组比较升高不明显 (P >0 0 5 )。荧光显微镜下观察显示 ,兔肝在喂食胆固醇膳食 4wk后MLCK的表达有所增强 ,12wk后显著增强 ,12wk组的膳食中同时加VitE后 ,MLCK表达有所下降。结论　在动脉粥样硬化过程中 ,肝脏病变可能与MLCK活性增强有关 ,VitE可能是降低肝脏MLCK活性的因素 ,同时防止肝细胞的损伤