Isolation of a saikosaponin responsible for the antiinflammatory activity of Bupleurum gibraltaricum lam. Root Extract

Bupleurum gibraltaricum Lam. root extract demonstrated an antiinflammatory activity against carrageenan produced plantar oedema in the rat. We have isolated a compound responsible for this activity, a glycoside of saikogenin G containing three sugars. This compound differs from saikosaponin d in that the latter contains only two sugars.     

Three steroidal alkaloids from Buxus microphylla

Three new steroidal alkaloids have been isolated from the leaves and stems of Buxus microphylla Sieb et Zucc. They are buxmicrophylline B, C and D. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of the spectral data.     

五子衍宗方制剂-药材谱峰匹配指纹图谱研究

目的建立五子衍宗方(WYP)制剂的HPLC指纹图谱,对其中的特征峰进行指认,并对WYP制剂-药材进行谱峰匹配研究。方法采用HPLC-DAD检测法,色谱柱为Waters Symmetry?C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相为0.4%磷酸水溶液-乙腈,体积流量1 m L/min,线性梯度洗脱,柱温35℃,检测波长为254 nm,对12个批次的WYP样品进行HPLC指纹图谱相似性评价,并将WYP对照图谱与单味药材进行谱峰匹配。结果在12批WYP样品色谱图中共有24个共有峰,指认的特征峰有8个,分别为没食子酸(1号峰)、京尼平苷酸(4号峰)、绿原酸(8号峰)、金丝桃苷(19号峰)、异槲皮苷(20号峰)、毛蕊花糖苷(21号峰)、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷(22号峰)和异毛蕊花糖苷(23号峰),单味药材色谱峰与WYP谱峰共有峰匹配数分别为枸杞子8个(2、3、6、7、8、11、12、18号峰)、菟丝子10个(6、7、8、9、10、15、16、19、20、24号峰)、覆盆子7个(1、3、7、13、14、17、22号峰)、车前子3个(4、21、23号峰)、五味子1个(3号峰)。各批WYP样品之间的相似度均大于0.959,各批WYP样品与对照指纹图谱之间的相似度均大于0.979。结论建立的WYP指纹图谱相似度较高,同时结合制剂用药材与WYP制剂指纹图谱谱峰匹配相结合的方法为WYP的定性、定量鉴别提供了科学、简便可行的评定方法。     

药用甘薯西蒙1号胚状体的诱导及植株再生

甘薯西蒙１号的叶片在ＭＳ＋２,４－Ｄ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＫＴ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＡＢＡ５ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上易于诱导出愈伤组织,来源于叶片的愈伤分为胚性和非胚性,ＮＥＣ的增殖速度大于ＥＣ,继代培养时应及时将两种愈伤组织剥离才能保证ＥＣ的增殖。     

猪牙皂对小鼠祛痰与耐缺氧作用的药效学研究

目的:初步筛选出猪牙皂中具有祛痰与耐缺氧作用的有效部位。方法:对猪牙皂总浸膏采用"不同极性溶剂萃取法"进行有效部位的分离,采用经鼻给药的方式进行祛痰实验和耐缺氧实验的常压耐缺氧实验、亚硝酸钠中毒存活实验和急性脑缺血性缺氧实验,给药7 d后检测酚红的排泌量及常压耐缺氧时间、亚硝酸钠中毒存活时间、急性脑缺氧存活时间。结果:(1)祛痰实验:与生理盐水组比较,石油醚、乙醚、正丁醇、水溶物这几个部位和盐酸氨溴索对照组均有明显的祛痰作用,正丁醇部位的祛痰作用更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)耐缺氧实验:与生理盐水组比较,正丁醇部位显著延长小鼠常压耐缺氧存活时间和亚硝酸钠中毒存活时间;正丁醇和水溶物部位均显著延长小鼠急性脑缺氧存活时间,水溶物部位的作用更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:猪牙皂中极性大的部位可能具有祛痰和耐缺氧作用。     

维药刺叶锦鸡儿重金属及有害元素形态分布和健康风险评价

目的测定刺叶锦鸡儿中重金属及有害元素铜、镉、铅、砷和汞(Cu、Cd、Pb、As和Hg)的含量,了解其形态分布特征。方法采用欧洲共同体参考物机构(European Community Bureau of Reference,BCR)对不同形态的重金属及有害元素进行提取,使用原子吸收分光光度法测定重金属及有害元素的含量。依据联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)提出的健康人群金属的最大日允许摄入量(MTDI)及周耐受摄入量(PTWI)进行健康风险评估。结果刺叶锦鸡儿中Cu、Cd、Pb、As和Hg的含量分别为28.511 6,0.031 0,1.310 7,0.164 6和0.187 9mg·kg-1。其中,Cu、Pb和As以残渣态为主;Cd以可还原态所占比例最高;Hg以酸溶态的含量最高。健康风险初步评价结果表明,成人每日摄入刺叶锦鸡儿15~50g,从刺叶锦鸡儿中摄入的Cu、Cd、Pb、As和Hg含量分别为427.67~1 425.58,0.47~1.55,19.66~65.53,2.47~8.23和2.82~9.39μg,分别占每日允许摄入量(ADI)的21.39%~71.29%,0.82%~2.19%,9.17%~30.58%,1.96%~6.53%和6.62%~22.04%,均低于FAO/WHO所推荐的每人每日允许摄入量。结论日摄入刺叶锦鸡儿15~50g,对人体健康风险影响较小。     

Ameliorative effects of Moringa oleifera Lam seed extract on liver fibrosis in rats

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringa) seed extract on liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis was induced by the oral administration of 20% carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄), twice weekly and for 8 weeks. Simultaneously, M.oleifera Lam seed extract (1 g/kg) was orally administered daily. The biochemical and histological results showed that Moringa reduced liver damage as well as symptoms of liver fibrosis. The administration of Moringa seed extract decreased the CCl₄-induced elevation of serum aminotransferase activities and globulin level. The elevations of hepatic hydroxyproline content and myeloperoxidase activity were also reduced by Moringa treatment. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical study showed that Moringa markedly reduced the numbers of smooth muscle α-actin-positive cells and the accumulation of collagens I and III in liver. Moringa seed extract showed significant inhibitory effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical, as well as strong reducing antioxidant power. The activity of superoxide dismutase as well as the content of both malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl, which are oxidative stress markers, were reversed after treatment with Moringa. Finally, these results suggested that Moringa seed extract can act against CCl₄-induced liver injury and fibrosis in rats by a mechanism related to its antioxidant properties, anti-inflammatory effect and its ability to attenuate the hepatic stellate cells activation.     

A prospective study on ocular hypertensive and antiinflammatory response to different dosages of fluorometholone in children.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ocular hypertensive and antiinflammatory response to different dosages of fluorometholone (FML). DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial with randomization of fellow eyes to different postoperative treatment. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-one consecutive children undergoing bilateral symmetrical strabismus operation. INTERVENTION: Among 31 children who received bilateral squint operations, one eye was randomized to receive topical FML six times daily (group 1), whereas the other eye received topical FML three times daily (group 2), both for 4 weeks. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and antiinflammatory response were measured serially in the postoperative period for 8 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Intraocular pressure was measured on the day before surgery and on postoperative days 1, 3, 6, 13, 20, 27, 41, and 55. The antiinflammatory response was also assessed subjectively and objectively at days 6, 13, 20, and 27 after the operations. Peak IOP, net increase in IOP, and antiinflammatory responses in the two study groups were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-one children, age 3 to 9 years, (mean +/- standard deviation [SD], 5.52 +/- 1.81) participated in the study. Intraocular pressure increased significantly in both groups compared with the preoperative values (P < 0.001). The peak IOP ranged from 12.00 to 31.00 mmHg and 12.30 to 25.00 mmHg in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The mean peak IOP (19.00 +/- 5.06 mmHg vs. 17.13 +/- 3.32 mmHg) was significantly higher in group 1 (P < 0.001). The net increase in IOP was similar (mean +/- SD, 4.37 +/- 4.79 vs. 2.57 +/- 3.32 mmHg; P = 0.005). Ranges of the net IOP increase were -1.00 to 16.00 mmHg and -2.50 to 10.30 mmHg in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Children in group 1 reached the peak IOP earlier than those in group 2 (median, 6 vs. 13 days; P = 0.033). However, there was no significant difference in antiinflammatory response between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Ocular hypertension occurs in a dose-dependent manner in children treated with FML. Children in group 1 had a quicker onset and more severe ocular hypertensive response than those in group 2. It would be desirable to monitor the IOP regularly when FML is used with a high frequency and for a long duration in children.     

多枝雾水葛凝胶膏剂抗皮肤感染的药效学研究

目的：研究多枝雾水葛凝胶膏剂（Pouzolzia zeylanica var.microphylla gel，PZG）对皮肤感染性疾病的治疗作用。方法：建立金黄色葡萄球菌诱导的小鼠皮下脓肿模型和大鼠皮肤创伤性感染溃疡模型，通过检测体质量、皮肤脓肿体积或溃疡面积愈合率、皮肤细菌逆培养和局部皮肤病理形态、羟脯氨酸、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）和白介素-10（interleukin-10，IL-10）含量等指标，考察PZG对感染性皮下脓肿和皮肤溃疡的治疗作用。结果：PZG能显著缩小皮下脓肿体积，提高皮肤溃疡面积愈合率，且有一定的量效关系；PZG可抑制皮肤感染部位的细菌生长，改善局部皮肤病理形态；PZG可降低溃疡部位TNF-α和IL-10水平，增加组织中羟脯氨酸的含量，促进溃疡愈合。结论：中药有效部位制剂PZG具有良好的抗皮肤感染作用，机制可能与其综合的抗菌、抗炎作用有密切关系。