Protection against corneal hyperosmolarity with soft-contact-lens wear

Hyperosmotic tear stimulates human corneal nerve endings, activates ocular immune response, and elicits dry-eye symptoms. A soft contact lens (SCL) covers the cornea preventing it from experiencing direct tear evaporation and the resulting blink-periodic salinity increases. For the cornea to experience hyperosmolarity due to tear evaporation, salt must transport across the SCL to the post-lens tear film (PoLTF) bathing the cornea. Consequently, limited salt transport across a SCL potentially protects the ocular surface from hyperosmotic tear. In addition, despite lens-wear discomfort sharing common sensations to dry eye, no correlation is available between measured tear hyperosmolarity and SCL-wear discomfort. Lack of documentation is likely because clinical measurements of tear osmolarity during lens wear do not interrogate the tear osmolarity of the PoLTF that actually overlays the cornea. Rather, tear osmolarity is clinically measured in the tear meniscus. For the first time, we mathematically quantify tear osmolarity in the PoLTF and show that it differs significantly from the clinically measured tear-meniscus osmolarity. We show further that aqueous-deficient dry eye and evaporative dry eye both exacerbate the hyperosmolarity of the PoLTF. Nevertheless, depending on lens salt-transport properties (i.e., diffusivity, partition coefficient, and thickness), a SCL can indeed protect against corneal hyperosmolarity by reducing PoLTF salinity to below that of the ocular surface during no-lens wear. Importantly, PoLTF osmolarity for dry-eye patients can be reduced to that of normal eyes with no-lens wear provided that the lens exhibits a low lens-salt diffusivity. Infrequent blinking increases PoLTF osmolarity consistent with lens-wear discomfort. Judicious design of SCL material salt-transport properties can ameliorate corneal hyperosmolarity. Our results confirm the importance of PoLTF osmolarity during SCL wear and indicate a possible relation between PoLTF osmolarity and contact-lens discomfort.     

Granulomatous slack skin T-cell lymphoma: an important differential diagnosis with giant cell tumor of soft tissue

Granulomatous slack skin is an indolent T-cell lymphoma, considered to be a variant of mycosis fungoides. Clinically it is characterized by areas of redundant skin, wrinkled, inelastic, with variable erythema and infiltration besides a poikilodermic surface. A differential diagnosis unknown to most dermatologists is the giant cell tumor of soft tissue, which is an extremely rare low-grade sarcoma. The authors report a patient who had undergone extensive surgery because of a primary diagnosis of giant cell tumor of soft tissue, but which proved to be granulomatous slack skin after a second interventional procedure with confirmatory histopathology.     

六味能消胶囊联合脂必泰胶囊治疗高脂血症的临床研究

目的探讨六味能消胶囊联合脂必泰胶囊治疗高脂血症的临床效果。方法选取2017年5月—2018年10月东营市东营区人民医院收治的64例高脂血症患者,随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组各32例。对照组口服脂必泰胶囊,1粒/次,2次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗基础上口服六味能消胶囊,1粒/次,3次/d。两组均连续治疗8周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组治疗前后血脂指标、血流变学指标、血小板参数及血清学指标的变化情况。结果治疗后,对照组和治疗组的总有效率分别是75.0%、96.9%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组总胆固醇(TC)、非-HDL-C、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均较治疗前显著降低,而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组TC、非-HDL-C、TG、LDL-C水平低于对照组,而HDL-C高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血浆黏度(PV)、红细胞比容(HCT)、聚集指数(RCAI)、平均血小板体积(MPV)、血小板最大聚集率(MAR)均显著降低,而变形指数(RDI)值均显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,PV、HCT、RCAI、MPV、MAR值均显著低于对照组,而RDI值高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、内皮素(ET)水平较治疗前均显著降低,而一氧化氮(NO)水平显著增高,同组治疗前后比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,治疗组CRP、ET水平低于对照组,而NO水平高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论六味能消胶囊联合脂必泰胶囊治疗高脂血症具有较好的临床疗效,综合调脂作用显著,可明显纠正患者体内血流变学异常,改善血小板功能及微炎症状态,保护血管内皮功能,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。     

胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损19例

目的探讨胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾性研究2018年4月至2019年6月采用胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣修复足踝部软组织缺损19例的资料,其中男11例,女8例;年龄为21~75岁,平均39岁。根据前踝上穿支皮瓣解剖学基础,按照足踝部软组织缺损大小和形状,在小腿下端前外侧设计并切取皮瓣转位修复创面。切取胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣面积为6.0 cm×5.0 cm^14.0 cm×8.0 cm,均为带蒂皮瓣转位。根据皮瓣成活、感染控制、弹性色泽、外观形态、供区瘢痕、皮肤感觉、患者认可等情况,对患者足踝部软组织缺损的修复情况进行综合评价。结果本组19例皮瓣全部成活,软组织缺损、肌腱、骨质及钢板外露均得以修复。供区均I期愈合。术后门诊随访2~16个月,皮瓣血运良好,颜色接近周围正常皮肤,臃肿不明显,患者对外观表示满意;供区皮片愈合良好,无明显增生、挛缩及溃疡,踝关节功能良好。结论胫前动脉踝上穿支皮瓣是修复足踝部软组织缺损较为理想的方法之一,手术操作简便,穿支较恒定,血供可靠,具有一定的临床应用价值。     

超声造影增强模式鉴别软组织肿块良恶性

Objective: To investigate the ability of contrast enhancement patterns of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in differentiating benign and malignant soft tissue tumours.     

软硬腭前移鼻咽下口扩大术初步报告

目的:运用软硬腭前移的手术方法扩大鼻咽下口,改善因鼻咽部狭小致阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者的呼吸暂停症状。方法:手术切除硬腭后份使其缩短、悬雍垂软腭成形并将软腭拉向前,扩大鼻咽下口。结果:患者术后自觉症状及客观评价疗效满意。结论:软硬腭前移鼻咽下口扩大显著改善鼻咽下口狭小导致的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者的症状。     

国产医用聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶对动物内脏器官影响的实验研究

目的对国产医用聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶(奥美定)进行动物的实验研究,以初步证明奥美定是安全的软组织填充剂。方法将56只日本大耳白兔随机分为实验组、对照组和空白组,实验组注射奥美定配制液,对照组注射生理盐水配制液,空白组不行任何注射。分别于注射后的第1、3、6、11、12个月做血常规及肝、肾功能检查,同时将兔的内脏组织行光镜和电镜观察。结果实验组:注射奥美定后1~6个月兔内脏的组织学观察有轻度改变,6个月后逐渐转为“正常”;血常规及肝、肾功能无明显影响。与对照组和空白组比较(P>0.01),差异无显著意义。结论初步认为奥美定是安全的软组织填充剂,但尚需进一步研究及长期的临床观察。