机关干部颈椎项韧带钙化的X线表现与分析

目的对颈椎正侧位片中有项韧带钙化的影像学资料进行分析,探讨项韧带钙化在颈椎病定位诊断中的价值。方法2010年6月～2011年5月因颈项部不适的机关干部397例来海军机关门诊部行颈椎X线正、侧位片检查,收集其中有项韧带钙化的颈椎正侧位片116例,对项韧带钙化及其对应颈椎的X线表现进行诊断分析。结果116例项韧带钙化共130个节段,位于颈4～5椎体后缘间隙58个（58／130,44．6％）,位于颈5～6椎体后缘间隙47个（47／130,36．2％）,位于其他颈椎后缘25个（25／130,19．2％）。颈椎发生退行性变93例（93／116,80．2％）,生理弧度改变（变直或反向弯曲）67例（67／116,57．8％）,椎体失稳87例（87／116,75．0％）．颈椎滑移2例（2／116,1．72％）,其中对应节段骨质增生34例（34／45,75．6％）,对应节段椎间隙狭窄41例（41／49,83．7％）,对应节段椎间孔狭窄23例（23／29,79．3％）,对应节段前纵韧带钙化18例（18／22,81．8％）,对应节段椎体滑移2例（2／2,100．0％）。结论机关干部项韧带钙化的发生率为29．2％,高于文献报道;项韧带钙化对应颈椎的退行性改变明显高于其他颈椎,可以为颈椎病的定位诊断提供参考。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对培养人血管平滑肌细胞钙化的影响

目的:观察血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)对培养人血管平滑肌细胞钙化的影响,以探讨血管钙化发生的机制。方法:体外培养人动脉平滑肌细胞,用β甘油磷酸(βGP)诱导细胞钙化。培养细胞分4组:正常对照组;βGP组:βGP终浓度为10mmol·L-1;AngⅡ组:AngⅡ终浓度为10-7mol·L-1;βGP+AngⅡ组:同时加入相同浓度的βGP和AngⅡ,连续培养10d。采用Vonkossa染色、细胞层钙沉积定量和细胞内碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性测定判断钙化程度,用流式细胞仪测细胞周期分布和细胞凋亡率。结果:βGP组细胞Vonkossa染色见大量黑色颗粒状沉积物弥漫分布于细胞层,βGP+AngⅡ组细胞之间散在分布黑色沉着点;βGP+AngⅡ组细胞钙沉积显著低于βGP组[分别为(1.336±0.096)和(2.056±0.441)μmol·L-1,P<0.01];βGP+AngⅡ组细胞内ALP活性显著低于βGP组[分别为(277.57±87.81)和(691.27±128.06)IU·L-1,P<0.01]。正常对照组与AngⅡ组细胞比较,Vonkossa染色、细胞钙沉积量和ALP活性均无显著性差异。流式细胞仪结果显示,βGP+AngⅡ组细胞凋亡率显著低于βGP组,G0/G1期细胞比例降低,S期的比例升高(P<0.05)。结论:10-7mol·L-1的AngⅡ可抑制钙化血管平滑肌细胞的体外钙化进程。其作用可能与抑制ALP活性和促进细胞增殖、抑制凋亡有关。     

钙化性纤维性假瘤1例（附文献复习）

目的 掌握钙化纤维性假瘤的和鉴别诊断。方法 通过个例报道及文献复习。介绍钙化性纤维性假瘤的临床、病理特征。并与相似疾病鉴别。结果 钙化性纤维性假瘤好发于青少年、软组织内,形态上以大量胶原为主,少量纤维细胞、散在钙化小体,少量淋巴细胞、浆细胞浸润。结论钙化性纤维性假瘤是一种生长缓慢、预后良好的软组织假瘤。     

Ultrasound demonstration of mammographically detected microcalcifications in patients with ductal carcinoma<Emphasis Type="Italic">in situ</Emphasis> of the breast

BACKGROUND: Breast microcalcifications are difficult to depict by ultrasound (US). However, recent advances in US equipment and the refinement of breast imaging techniques have improved the detection and characterization of small breast lesions. The present study attempts to determine whether US examination is able to demonstrate nonpalpable breast lesions associated with mammographically detected microcalcifications without mass density or distortion, and to evaluate the clinical reliability of US-guided procedures, especially in cases of ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS)of the breast. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 73 patients with breast cancer diagnosed preoperatively as DCIS by stereotactic core needle biopsies, all of whom had microcalcifications without other abnormalities on mammography. The radiological appearance and size of the clustered microcalcifications were evaluated. US examinations were performed preoperatively, and the detection rates were assessed. Sonographically detected lesions underwent US-guided wire localization followed by surgical excision. RESULTS: The lesions associated with microcalcifications were identified sonographically in 54 of 73 cases (74%), and the pathological examination revealed breast cancer in all of the corresponding specimens. Lesions with linear-branching shape, segmental-linear distribution and category-5 calcifications on mammography had a high level of visibility on US. The US visible cases had a larger size of calcified area on mammography when compared with US invisible cases. Pathologically, the lesions were more frequently seen on US in cases with minimally invasive cancer or with comedo type DCIS. CONCLUSIONS: US examination is an effective method for identifying and localizing breast microcalcifications, and can be used as an alternative to stereotactic localization in selected patients with early breast cancer.     

Comparison of the effect of gluconate, lactose, and xylitol on bone recalcification in calcium-deficient rats

The therapeutic value of three calcium absorption promoting carbohydrates, lactose, gluconate and xylitol, in bone calcification was evaluated in 7-week-old male rats which were fed on a semisynthetic Ca-deficient diet for 3 weeks. Lactose + CaCO₃, xylitol + CaCO₃, Ca-gluconate, or CaCO₃ alone were administered to the Ca-deficient rats for 2 weeks; the carbohydrate and Ca contents of the diets were 5% and 0.5%, respectively. The Ca-deficient rats showed a decrease in serum total Ca and ionized Ca²⁺ and in tibial Ca, Mg, P and density, with a concomitant increase in bone hydroxyproline concentration. Bone and serum tartrateresistant acid phosphatase activities were increased 2-fold and the serum 1,25(OH)₂D₃ level 5-fold. Smaller increases were found in serum calcitonin, PTH, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin levels. These changes (except calcitonin) were reversed by the administration of Ca and the carbohydrates. It was observed that all three agents improved the recalcification of bones compared with the effect of CaCO₃ alone. The effect of lactose and xylitol was superior to that of gluconate. These results suggest advantages in the use of xylitol in Ca-supplements.     

Effect of Balloon‐Expandable Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Positioning: A Patient‐Specific Numerical Model

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a life‐saving and effective alternative to surgical valve replacement in high‐risk, elderly patients with severe calcific aortic stenosis. Despite its early promise, certain limitations and adverse events, such as suboptimal placement and valve migration, have been reported. In the present study, it was aimed to evaluate the effect of various TAVR deployment locations on the procedural outcome by assessing the risk for valve migration. The deployment of a balloon‐expandable Edwards SAPIEN valve was simulated via finite element analysis in a patient‐specific calcified aortic root, which was reconstructed from CT scans of a retrospective case of valve migration. The deployment location was parametrized in three configurations and the anchorage was quantitatively assessed based on the contact between the stent and the native valve during the deployment and recoil phases. The proximal deployment led to lower contact area between the native leaflets and the stent which poses higher risk for valve migration. The distal and midway positions resulted in comparable outcomes, with the former providing a slightly better anchorage. The approach presented might be used as a predictive tool for procedural planning in order to prevent prosthesis migration and achieve better clinical outcomes.     

心脏瓣膜钙化与骨质疏松

本文对４０例５０及５０岁以上中老年人伴有心脏瓣膜钙化的病人做骨密度检查，结果显示瓣膜钙化（心脏退行性变）的病人骨密度低于正常对照组又高于ＢＭＤ减低组，提示心脏退行性变病人的ＢＭＤ与正常ＢＭＤ呈负相关而与骨密度减低组病人呈显著正相关。简要讨论骨质疏松、软组织钙化、骨质增生之间可能的内在联系。     

冠状动脉钙化斑块对CTA诊断冠状动脉狭窄准确性的影响

目的通过与经皮冠状动脉造影(CAG)对照,评价不同钙化积分负荷下,冠状动脉CT血管造影(CTA)对病变血管狭窄程度判断的准确性。方法收集2008年6月—2012年5月100例拟行CAG检查的患者进行钙化积分与冠状动脉CTA检查。Agatston积分及钙化容积以血管段为单位统计,并以四分位法分成不同钙化积分负荷组,分析不同钙化积分组每段血管管腔狭窄程度,并与CAG结果对照,统计不同钙化积分对冠状动脉CTA诊断管腔狭窄程度准确性的影响。结果当钙化容积≤79 mm~3时诊断敏感性、特异性分别为96.9%和96.7%;钙化容积≥80 mm~3时,分别为100%和90.9%。在钙化积分≤65分的冠状动脉段中,与冠脉造影比较,诊断准确性较高,而钙化积分>180分的冠状动脉段中,诊断准确性较差。结论不同钙化斑块负荷对冠状动脉CTA诊断准确性的影响不同,钙化病变的体积大小及斑块内钙化成分含量的多少是影响冠状动脉CTA诊断准确性的主要因素之一。     

乳腺癌钼靶X线钙化与HER-2/neu表达的关系及其意义

目的探讨乳腺癌钼靶X线钙化与HER-2／neu表达的关系及其临床意义。方法分析152例乳腺癌钼靶X线片的钙化特点；并将切除的肿瘤标本行HER-2／neu检测，分析钼靶X线钙化特征与HER-2／neu表达之间的关系。结果乳腺癌钼靶X线钙化组HER-2／neu过度表达率高于无钙化组（61．6％vs．35．4％）（P〈0．01）；在73例钙化中，以钙化伴随毛刺征为主要表现者，HER-2／neu过度表达率高于单纯钙化组（P〈0．05）。根据钙化形态特征，蠕虫状钙化组HER-2／neu过度表达率明显高于非蠕虫状钙化组（P=0．01）。钼靶X线钙化簇最大径≥25mm者，多在HER-2／neu过度表达组（P〈0．05），而钙化颗粒数≤20枚／cm^2者，多在HER-2／neu阴性表达组（P〈0．01）。结论乳腺癌钼靶X线钙化与HER-2／neu过度表达关系密切，可为乳腺癌治疗策略的制定和预测预后提供参考。志．2008．17（5）：436—439】     

Effects of dentin phosphophoryn on precipitation of calcium phosphate in gelin vitro

Summary In vitro precipitation of calcium phosphate was carried out using a one-dimensional double diffusion system in agar gel. Bovine dentin phosphophoryn enhanced the sharpness of the precipitation bands, although it reduced the total amount of the precipitates. Dephosphorylated phosphophoryn has no effect on the pattern of precipitates. Therefore, phosphophoryn is thought to raise the local density of nucleation in spite of its inhibitory activity on apatite formation.