颈内动脉虹吸部钙化积分与起始部血管狭窄的关系

目的探讨颈内动脉虹吸部钙化积分与颈内动脉起始部血管狭窄的关系。方法回顾性分析216例行颈颅动脉CT血管成像(CTA)检查的患者,计算颈内动脉虹吸部钙化积分,根据钙化积分依次分为钙化0分组、钙化1~199分组、钙化200~399分组、钙化400~599分组及钙化≥600分组。根据北美症状性颈动脉内膜切除术(NASCET)标准对颈内动脉起始部部血管狭窄分级;分析颈内动脉虹吸部钙化积分与颈内动脉起始部血管狭窄的关系。结果 216例患者432条血管中,382条血管发现虹吸部钙化,其中钙化1~199分组、200~399分组、400~599分组和≥600分组分别为70、100、112、100条。钙化1~199分组、200~399分组、400~599分组和≥600分组中发现颈内动脉起始部血管狭窄分别为18(25.7%)、78(78.0%)、106(94.6)、98(98.0%),经卡方检验分析显示,除外总钙化分数0分组与≥600分组,余各组间比较颈内动脉起始部血管狭窄的发生率与虹吸部钙化积分比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);钙化0分组及钙化1~199分组颈内动脉起始部血管狭窄以轻度为主;钙化200~399分组以轻~中度为主;钙化400~599分组及钙化≥600分组以重度为主(均P0.05);同时Spearman等级相关分析显示,颈内动脉起始部血管的狭窄程度与颈内动脉虹吸钙化形态呈显著正相关(r=0.721,P0.01)。结论颈内动脉虹吸部钙化积分分值越高,颈内动脉起始部血管狭窄的发生率越高,检测颈内动脉虹吸部钙化积分,可以作为头颈部血管狭窄性病变的有效依据。     

The association between liver fat and systemic calcified atherosclerosis

BackgroundThe association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with systemic calcified atherosclerosis, other than the coronary arteries, has not been clearly elucidated. We investigated the association between NAFLD and calcification in eight different vascular beds.MethodsIn a community-based cohort with computed tomography scans for carotid artery, coronary artery, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, iliac artery, renal artery, celiac trunk, and superior mesenteric artery, the association between NAFLD and arterial calcification was evaluated with adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, current smoking status, and family history of heart disease in the first-degree relatives.ResultsIn age- and sex-adjusted models, NAFLD was significantly associated with calcification in the coronary artery, carotid artery, thoracic aorta, celiac trunk, and superior mesenteric artery vascular beds (P < .05). However, adjustment for the traditional chronic venous disease risk factors attenuated the associations, except in the case of the thoracic aorta (odds ratio [OR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.78) and celiac trunk (OR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.16-3.65). In addition, NAFLD was independently associated with multiarterial calcification (four or more [OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.01-1.74], five or more [OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.09-1.97], and six or more [OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.09-2.30] of eight evaluated arterial segments).ConclusionsThe association between NAFLD and arterial calcification is mainly mediated by conventional risk factors. The independent association between NAFLD and calcification in the thoracic aorta and celiac trunk as well as in a larger number of vascular beds needs confirmation in future prospective studies in diverse populations.     

超声探测甲状腺结节钙化对甲状腺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声探测甲状腺结节钙化对甲状腺癌的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析我院3924例甲状腺疾病患者的超声资料和病理结果,探讨钙化、微小钙化、粗大钙化和边缘环状钙化与甲状腺癌的关系,单发结节伴钙化和多发结节伴钙化与甲状腺癌的关系以及不同年龄组钙化与甲状腺癌的关系. 结果 甲状腺良性疾病钙化和微小钙化的发生率分别为32.05％和6.50％,甲状腺癌则为80.07％和51.53％,甲状腺癌钙化和微小钙化的发生率高于良性疾病(P＜0.01);单发结节和多发结节伴钙化的恶性率分别为53.31％和22.16％,伴微小钙化的恶性率则分别为74.12％和47.92％,单发结节伴钙化和伴微小钙化的恶性率均要高于多发结节,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);＜70岁患者钙化的恶性率随年龄增加逐渐下降(P＜0.05);微小钙化的恶性率在44岁及以下年龄组＞44岁以上年龄组(P＜0.01).结论 钙化和微小钙化是甲状腺癌的高危因素,单发结节和年轻患者的钙化和微小钙化的恶性率更高.     

An electron microscope study of the formation of the ligament ofMytilus edulis andPinctada radiata

An electron microscope study was made of the formation and structure of the inner ligament ofMytilus edulis andPinctada radiata. This part of the ligament is derived from the isthmus cells which are irregular columnar in shape. They exhibit a prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum and a Golgi apparatus, which are concerned with the elaboration of vesicles and granules eventually incorporated into an integral part of the conchiolin.The crystals arise at the calcification front at the inner surface of the ligament and are enclosed in envelopes. They consist of long, needle-shaped, single aragonite crystals widely dispersed in the ligament.Although the components of the shell and ligament are similar, differences between them consist of an increased amount of conchiolin, as well as a decrease in the amount, diversity of form, arrangement and growth of the crystals; all probably related to the specialized function of the ligament.This investigation was supported (in part) by grant DE-01825, N.I.D.R., U.S.P.H. Service.     

The Effect of Fluoride on the Size and Morphology of Apatite Crystals Grown from Physiologic Solutions

In adult human bone, fluoride uptake is accompanied by an increase in apatite crystal size. This increase, however, is not isotropic but is restricted primarily to growth in width and/or thickness, with no measurable change in length. In the present study, seeded growth experiments were conducted in vitro to determine whether this anisotropic effect is physicochemical in origin, i.e., a direct result of F^- selectively enhancing lateral crystal growth, or is an indirect consequence of F^--induced alterations in cellular function and matrix development. The growth reactions were maintained at 37°C under physiologic-like solution conditions (1.33 mmol/liter Ca²⁺, 1.0 mmol/liter total phosphate, 0 or 26 mmol/liter carbonate, 270 mmol/kg osmolality, pH 7.4) using constant-composition methods. When new accretions accumulated to three times the initial seed mass, the solids were collected and net crystal growth was assessed by X-ray diffraction line broadening analysis. The X-ray results revealed that the carbonate constituent in our physiologic-like solutions promoted the proliferation of new crystals at the expense of further growth of the seed apatite. Solution F^- concentrations of ∼2 μmol/liter partially offset the repressive effect that carbonate had on primary crystal growth. Moreover, F^- stimulated seed crystal growth in the same anisotropic manner as had been observed for adult human bone apatite, a finding that suggests that the latter growth in vivo was the consequence, in part, of direct F^--mineral interactions. Received: 14 May 1997 / Accepted: 23 January 1998     

矽肺肺野淋巴组织钙化的X线表现及其临床意义

作者从１０４６例矽肺患者中检出于胸片出现明确矽肺影像前，肺野有淋巴组织钙化１４７例。胸片上表现为圆形或卵圆形，呈空心和实体钙化灶二种改变，直径多在３～６ｍｍ之间。本文着重对这种特殊形态的钙化灶的Ｘ线表现进行动态观察，对其形成的机理、命名、鉴别诊断及其临床意义作简要的分析讨论。认为矽肺肺野淋巴组织钙化是接尘作业工人、０＋及矽肺病人特有的一种早期病理反应，值得引起重视的一种Ｘ线征象。