霉菌性上颌窦炎的CT表现——附3例报告

霉菌性上颌窦炎较少见,与炎症、肿瘤难以区别。本文报告经手术、病理证实的3例,以提高对本病的认识。1 临床资料 例1,男,50岁,反复左上颌牙疼痛,伴同侧头痛8年,加重1周。查体:左侧鼻腔狭窄,中下鼻甲肥大,左中鼻道腔前端有一花生米大小新生物。横断及冠状位     

Unplanned admissions after outpatient cardiac catheterization

Increasing numbers of patients are undergoing diagnostic catheterization as outpatients; however, a small proportion of patients requires hospital admission following the procedure. Unplanned admissions after consecutive outpatient cardiac catheterizations performed during 1 year were prospectively reviewed to determine the incidence of and reasons for admission. Among 847 patients undergoing outpatient cardiac catheterization, 130 patients (15%) required hospital admission after the procedure. Admitted patients were divided into four groups: patients undergoing immediate percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) (Group 1; 33%), patients with severe cardiac disease requiring urgent intervention (Group 2; 48%), patients suffering complications or hemodynamic instability (Group 3; 15%), and patients whose procedures were completed too late to allow same-day discharge (Group 4; 4%). Patients over 65 were more likely to require admission and women were more likely to be admitted with complications or hemodynamic instability. Findings are compared with results of other outpatient series, and implications regarding appropriate setting for outpatient catheterization are discussed.     

肝内原发性恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的CT诊断（1例报道及文献复习）

恶性纤维组织细胞瘤(malignant fibrous histiocytoma,MFH)是发生率仅次于平滑肌肉瘤的软组织肉瘤[1],多发生于四肢、躯干和腹膜后区,转移和术后复发率较高,转移至肝脏的较常见[2],但原发于肝脏的仅见个案报道[3,4].现就本院1例经手术证实的肝脏原发恶性纤维组织细胞瘤及既往文献报道,做一综合性分析.     

ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND GUIDED TRUCUT BIOPSY

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is sensitive for staging gastrointestinal malignancies and pancreatic lesions. EUS‐fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) offers a diagnostic accuracy of about 60–90% for pancreatic tumors and > 90% for lymph nodes. There are several limitations of EUS‐FNA including the need for on‐site cytopathology review. In addition, accuracy of cytologic review is hampered by the presence of blood, benign epithelial cells, desmoplasia, and well‐differentiated tumors. Furthermore, the small biopsy sample and destruction of tissue architecture limits the diagnostic sensitivity for GISTs and lymphomas. Many of these problems can be overcome with use of EUS trucut biopsy (TCB) needles. These large caliber, cutting needles acquire larger tissue samples allowing preservation of tissue architecture and histologic examination. Our recently described experience with EUS‐TCB initially in swine and later humans demonstrated the safety for acquiring histologic tissue representative of the target organs sampled enabling accurate diagnosis. These studies suggested greater diagnostic accuracy of EUS‐TCB for submucosal mass lesions and lymphoma and potentially the need for fewer needle passes for solid pancreatic neoplasms. In this paper we will review the current TCB literature, device design and technique, help troubleshoot potential problems, and offer opinion as to the utility and role of this new device.     

经皮冠状动脉腔内切割球囊成形术的临床应用

目的　评价经皮冠状动脉腔内切割球囊成形术 (CBA)治疗初治病变和支架内再狭窄的疗效。　方法　 35例冠心病病人 (初治病人 7例 ,支架内再狭窄病人 2 8例 )施行CBA。左前降支病变 2 5处 ,左回旋支病变 10处 ,右冠病变 7处。初治病变平均狭窄 (85 9± 7 2 ) % ,支架内再狭窄的平均狭窄程度是 (89 6± 8 9) %。CBA后即刻行冠脉造影评价近期手术成功率 ,随后严格的临床随访每个月 2次 ,共 6个月 ,以评价中期疗效。　结果　共使用切割球囊 4 2个 ,直径 (3 2± 0 3)mm(3 0～ 3 75mm) ,长度 10～ 15mm ,扩张压力 (72 7± 6 0 )kPa(6 0 6～ 10 10kPa) ,扩张次数 (5 0± 2 1)次 (4～ 7次 ) ,扩张时间 (2 0 3 6± 90 8)s。CBA近期手术成功率 10 0 % ,无严重冠脉闭塞等并发症。术前病变的狭窄程度为 (89 6± 8 9) % ,术后残余狭窄为 (8 8± 3 7) % (P <0 0 1)。 6个月随访未发现心绞痛复发 ,心电图和超声心动图无心肌缺血加重的证据。　结论　切割球囊不论对初治还是冠状动脉支架内再狭窄的病人 ,都是安全有效的介入治疗方法 ,其近期手术成功率高 ,中期的临床疗效确切。     

VALUE OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR EVALUATING THE INJECTION SITE IN ENDOSONOGRAPHY‐GUIDED CELIAC PLEXUS NEUROLYSIS

Endosonography‐guided celiac plexus neurolysis (EUS‐CPN) safely and effectively relieves pain associated with intra‐abdominal malignancies when the neurolytic is accurately injected. We applied contrast medium to evaluate the ethanol injection sites in patients who received EUS‐CPN due to abdominal pain caused by malignancies. We injected, under the guidance of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), ethanol containing 10% contrast medium into the celiac plexus of patients with intra‐abdominal pain due to malignancies. Immediately after the endoscopic therapy, patients underwent computed tomography (CT) to confirm the injection site. Images of distribution of injected solutions were classified into three groups. Injected solution dispersed in unilateral and bilateral anterocrural space was defined as ‘unilateral injection’ or ‘bilateral injection’, respectively. Injected solution located out of the anterocrural space was defined as ‘inappropriate injection’. Pre‐ and postprocedure pain was assessed using a standard analog scale. Before and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after the procedure, pain scores were evaluated. From April 2003 to May 2005, 13 patients were enrolled in this study. Improvement of pain score in the ‘bilateral injection’ and ‘unilateral injection’ groups was significantly superior to the change in the ‘inappropriate injection’ group. Although EUS‐CPN was effective in eight of 13 patients (61.5%), additional EUS‐CPN to the ‘inappropriate injection group’ increased the response rate to 84.6%. Injection of ethanol to the anterocrural space by EUS‐CPN produced adequate pain relief. Immediate examination by CT for confirmation of injection sites after EUS‐CPN would increase the likelihood of induction of pain relief.     

单发良、恶性肺空洞的CT鉴别诊断

1资料与方法收集1996年至2005年的孤立性肺空洞病例共98例,其中48例经手术病理或穿刺证实,50例经治疗或随访证实。男59例,女39例。平均年龄53.5(37~78)岁。98例中肺脓肿17例(急性9例,慢性8例),肺结核空洞30例,肺霉菌感染空洞3例,原发性肺癌空洞37例(其中鳞癌32例),单发转移性肺癌空洞8例,W egener's肉芽空洞3例。分析空洞的大小、形态、边缘(内、外壁),空洞壁的密度、形态、厚度,空洞周围肺组织改变情况。测量空洞直径的大小,直径定义为纵隔窗上前后径、左右径,上下径的平均值。空洞壁厚度的测量用CT机上测量软件进行,取每个空洞壁前、后…     

A New Method for Estimating Dermal Absorption from Chemical Exposure. 3. Compared with Steady-State Methods for Prediction and Data Analysis

Purpose. This paper compares unsteady-state and steady-state methods for estimating dermal absorption or analyzing dermal absorption data. The unsteady-state method accounts for the larger absorption rates during short exposure times as well as the hydrophilic barrier which the viable epidermis presents to lipophilic chemicals. Methods. Example calculations for dermal absorption from aqueous solutions are presented for five environmentally relevant chemicals with molecular weights between 50 and 410 and log₁₀K_ow between 0.91 and 6.8: chloromethane, chloroform, chlordane, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and dibenz(a,h)anthracene. Also, the new method is used to evaluate experimental procedures and data analyses of in vivo and in vitro permeation measurements. Results. In the five example cases, we show that the steady-state approach significantly underestimated the dermal absorption. Also, calculating permeability values from cumulative absorption data measured for exposure periods less than 18 times the stratum corneum lag time will overestimate the actual permeability. Conclusions. In general, steady-state predictions of dermal absorption will underestimate dermal absorption predictions which consider unsteady-state conditions. Permeability values calculated from data sets which include unsteady-state data will be incorrect. Strategies for analyzing in vitro diffusion cell experiments and confirming steady state are described.     

Local blood flow changes in malignant brain tumours under induced hypertension

Summary Changes in tumour blood flow under an induced hypertensive state were examined in malignant brain tumours to know if the precondition for the effectiveness of induced hypertensive chemotherapy — relative increase in tumour blood flow — are fulfilled. Tumour blood flow was measured under both a resting and an induced hypertensive state in 12 patients with various malignant brain tumours (6 gliomas, 6 metastatic brain tumours) using xenon-enhanced computed tomography. The blood pressure was elevated 40% above the systemic blood pressure of the resting state by the infusion of angiotensin II. Tumour blood flow increased 30% on average above the normal brain tissue blood flow after the induction of an induced hypertensive state (p < 0.05). The tumour blood flow increased in 11 cases of malignant tumours, but decreased in one case with massive brain oedema after induced hypertension. The increase in blood flow was higher in hypervascular tumours and less in hypovascular tumours. Therefore, induced hypertensive chemotherapy probably will be more effective in hypervascular malignant brain tumours with small mass effects.