Failure of intensive chemotherapy in poor prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

In an attempt to improve response and survival rates in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, a relatively intense six drug regimen MATCOP was developed comprising four-weekly cycles of methotrexate (100mg/m², IV_Y day 8), Adriamycin (30mg/m², IV_Y days 1,2), teniposide (75 mg/rn², IV, day 1), cyclophophamide (300 mg/m², po, days one to five), Oncovin (1.4 mg/m², IV: maximum 2 mg, days 8,15) and prednisolone (100 mg, po, days one to five). A randomised trial was conducted comparing MATCOP with the standard CHOP regimen, comprising three-weekly cycles of cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m², IV, day 1), Adriamycin (50 mg/m², IV, day 1), Oncovin (1.4 mg/m² IV: maximum 2 mg, day 1) and prednisolone (100 mg, PO, days two to six). Eighty patients with large cell lymphoma, diffuse mixed small cleaved and large cell lymphoma or diffuse small cleaved cell lymphoma were randomised, 47 to MATCOP and 33 to CHOP. MATCOP patients experienced increased granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia (p 0.0001), mucositis (p= 0.002) and infections (p= 0.01) compared to CHOP patients. Complete response rates were similar: 66% for MATCOP patients and 61% for CHOP patients. There were no apparent differences in the time to relapse for patients achieving CR, the time to treatment failure or the overall survival time. Thus despite an increase in toxicity, the more intense regimen MATCOP failed to confer any therapeutic benefit compared with the standard CHOP regimen. Survival was not influenced but toxicity was increased by dose intensification. (Aust NZ J Med 1992; 22: 123–128.)     

根据桂枝汤的效应消除半衰期和表观消除半衰期制订给药方案的探讨

为探讨药效法估测的效应消除半衰期和效量法估测的表观半衰期对合理制订给药方案的意义和作用,以桂枝汤解热和抗炎的药物动力学实验中所得的相应参数值设计了给药方案,观察了它们在提高药效上的作用。结果表明在给药总剂量相等、首次给药同时开始的情况下,以半衰期设计的给药方案组的药效均明显高于习惯的一次给药组;而以效应消除半衰期设计给药方案组药效增强率又高于以表观半衰期设计的方案组。提示效应消除半衰期比表观半衰期似更有实践意义。     

Treatment of acute post-surgical infection of joint arthroplasty

The best antibiotic regimen for acute prosthetic joint infection, treated without removal of the implant, has not been well-defined. This study describes the use of a protocol based on oral rifampicin combinations to treat 47 cases that were followed prospectively for a 2-year period. The regimen used most commonly was levofloxacin 500 mg/24 h plus rifampicin 600 mg/24 h for a mean duration of 2.7 ± 1 months. The cure rate was 76.9%, and the only independent risk-factor associated with treatment failure was infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Enterococcus spp. (OR 17.6, p 0.003). Overall, the results suggested that use of oral antibiotics, including rifampicin, for 2–3 months was a good treatment option.     

不同给药方案喙突下臂丛麻醉效果比较

目的：比较不同给药方案上肢手术喙突下臂丛麻醉的效果。方法：喙突下臂丛麻醉患者64例,随机分为3组,3种方案给药,方案①20例1％利多卡因30ml;方案②24例1％利多卡因20ml＋0.25％布比卡因10ml;方案③20例1％利多卡因10ml＋0.25％布比卡因20ml。测定麻醉起效时间、完善时间、持续时间及运动阻滞程度。监测药物不良反应。结果：3组麻醉结果,优良率皆达100％,起效时间、完善时间方案②及③皆长于方案①;持续时间方案②及③皆较方案①明显延长,各为其2.8倍及5倍,3组皆无不良反应。结论：3种方案皆安全有效。方案①麻醉起效快、短;方案②及③起效稍慢但持久。为临床不同时间手术选择不同给药方案提供了依据。     

Effects of opiate antagonist treatment on the alcohol deprivation effect in long-term ethanol-experienced rats

Rationale: Opiate antagonists are promising pharmacotherapeutic agents for the treatment of alcohol dependence, reducing craving and relapse rates in weaned alcoholics. However, preclinical findings indicate that they can also increase ethanol consumption and preference in animals with a strong liking for ethanol, depending on the dose and treatment regimen. Objective: The present study examined the effects of chronic, intermittent and acute opiate antagonist treatment on the alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) in long-term ethanol- experienced rats, which is an animal model of craving and relapse. Methods: Long-term ethanol-experienced rats were either implanted with mini-osmotic pumps delivering 0, 0.5 or 1 mg/kg per hour naloxone (chronic treatment) or received intermittent naltrexone injections (2×5 mg/kg per day SC). Effects of chronic and intermittent treatment on the ADE were studied in a four-bottle home cage drinking paradigm. In a second experiment, long-term ethanol-experienced rats trained in an operant ethanol self-administration paradigm received acute naltrexone treatment (0, 0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg SC) before a 23-h session either during basal drinking or during the ADE. Results: Chronic naloxone treatment increased ethanol preference during the ADE. Intermittent naltrexone treatment at a dose comparable to the lower dose of chronic treatment moderately attenuated the ADE. Acute naltrexone treatment selectively reduced lever pressing for ethanol both during the ADE and during basal drinking only at the lowest dose, whereas higher doses also suppressed water intake. The ethanol-specific suppressant effect on the ADE was long lasting. Concerning basal drinking, however, naltrexone had a long lasting reductive effect only on lever pressing for water. Conclusions: A low dose of naltrexone and an intermittent treatment regimen seem to be necessary to maintain a specific reduction in ethanol intake in individuals with a high motivation to consume ethanol. These findings are consistent with the notion that, at low doses, opiate antagonists reduce the reward value of reinforcers. Received: 29 September 1998 / Final version: 15 March 1999     

FOLFOX方案治疗30例晚期胃癌疗效观察

目的：观察每二周高剂量亚叶酸钙（CF）／氟脲嘧啶（5－FU）与草酸铂（L－OHP）方案（FOLFOX方案）治疗晚期胃癌的临床疗效和毒副反应。方法：采用高剂量CF／5－FU／L－OHP深静脉输注方案（CF200mg.m^2-1.d^-1，静滴2小时，第1、2天；5-FU400mg.m^2-1.d^-1,静推，第1天，5－FU1600mg.m^2-1.d^-1，静滴22小时，第1、2天；L－OHP130mg.m^2-1.d^-1，静脉输注4小时，第1天），化疗方案以14天为1周期，重复4周期后间隔1个月评定疗效。结果：全组30例，总有效率为53．3％，18例初治组的有效率为61．11％，其中CR1例。12例复治组的有效率为41．7％，初治组中位缓解期为5个月。复治组的中位缓解期为3个月。Ⅱ、Ⅲ度口腔炎发生率为26．7％，7例出现手足综合征，血液学毒性轻微。结论：每二周高剂量CF／5－FU／L－OHP方案是治疗晚期胃癌有效安全的化疗方案。     

MVP方案加或不加光量子血液疗法治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌

目的 :观察MVP方案加光量子血液疗法治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC)的近期疗效和毒副作用。方法 :将 4 8例晚期NSCLC患者随机分为治疗组和对照组 ,分别接受MVP方案 (丝裂霉素、西艾克、顺铂 )及化疗当日开始光量子血液治疗法或单纯MVP方案化疗。结果 :治疗组部分缓解率 5 4 2 % ,对照组 2 5 0 % (P <0 0 5 ) ,中位缓解期分别为 5 1个月及 4 2个月。治疗组毒性明显小于对照组。结论 :MVP方案化疗同时应用光量子血液疗法治疗晚期NSCLC ,疗效有所提高 ,毒性有所减少。     

F/LVO方案时辰化疗治疗ⅢA期胃癌的临床观察

目的观察F/LVO方案时辰化疗治疗ⅢA期胃癌患者的疗效。方法将46例行D2根治术后的ⅢA期胃癌患者随机分为A组(时辰化疗组)和B组(对照组常规化疗)。结果A组和B组的1年生存率(OS)分别为90.9%(20/22)和83.3%(20/24)(P>0.05);3年生存率分别为72.7%(16/22)和33.3%(8/24),2组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。A组和B组的1年病情无进展生存率(DFS)分别为81.8%(18/22)和50.0%(12/24);3年无进展生存率分别为54.5%(12/22)和16.7%(4/24),2组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论时辰化疗是ⅢA期胃癌患者D2根治术后较为理想的辅助化疗模式。     

MVP化疗同步结合放疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效

目的　评价MVP(丝裂霉素、长春地辛和顺铂 )方案化疗同步结合放疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效。方法　 62例由细胞学或病理证实、初治、KPS评分 60分以上、预计生存时间 3个月以上的ⅢB期或Ⅳ期非小细胞肺癌患者 ,采用信封抽签法分为放化疗组和MVP组各 3 1例。两组患者都接受MVP化疗 ,丝裂霉素 6mg/m2 静脉注射 ,第 1天 ;长春地辛 2mg/m2 静脉注射 ,第 1、8天 ;顺铂 80～ 10 0mg/m2 静脉滴注。每三周重复。放化疗组放射治疗与化疗同时进行 ,照射剂量为 46～ 5 6Gy/5～ 6周。 结果　两组患者接受化疗 2～ 4个周期。放化疗组和MVP组有效率分别为 48.4% (15 /3 1)和 19.4% (6/3 1) (P <0 .0 5 ) ,中位肿瘤进展时间分别为 8个月和 4个月 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,中位生存时间分别为 10个月和 6个月 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,1年生存率分别为 5 4.8% (17/3 1)和 2 2 .6% (7/3 1) (P <0 .0 5 )。放化疗组的骨髓毒性重于MVP组 ,有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;胃肠道反应等两组无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　MVP化疗同步结合放疗治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌 ,较单纯化疗更能有效地控制肿瘤进展、延长患者的生存时间 ,毒副作用可以耐受。     

药物治疗方案咨询系统的研究

目的：建立药物治疗方案咨询系统。为医院药师开展药学服务提供一种新型工具。方法：对临床疾病药物治疗方案的相关资料进行收集整理，按国际疾病分类(ICD)系统分类。使用Access建立数据库，运用VB、ASP语言、Java Script脚本语言实现前台咨询与后台数据库之间的互动。结果：建立了3650种疾病的药物治疗方案咨询系统，将疾病药物治疗方案信息资源由传统媒体转变为以光盘、网络等为载体的数字化媒体，实现了信息资源的共享和充分利用。结论：药物治疗方案咨询系统在大、中、小型医院及门诊部等医疗单位的单机、局域网和互联网上应用，证实该系统是医院药师参与临床疾病药物治疗，为病人提供药学服务，提高医疗质量的有力工具。