人参皂苷Rb3对中国仓鼠肺细胞染色体畸变作用

目的研究人参皂苷Rb3对中国仓鼠肺细胞(CHL)染色体畸变作用。方法测定人参皂苷Rb3对CHL细胞的半数抑制浓度(IC50),根据IC50设立不同剂量组,进行染色体畸变试验,分别观察人参皂苷Rb3接触CHL细胞6 h、24 h及加S9后6 h染色体的畸变情况,根据标准进行结果判定。结果染毒6 h、24 h及加S9后染毒6 h染色体畸变为阴性。结论人参皂苷Rb3不能引起CHL细胞染色体产生畸变作用。     

Absence of subchronic oral toxicity and genotoxicity of rice koji with Aspergillus terreus

Koji products have been considered as an effective fermented food consumed in East Asia with many health benefits. Particularly, rice koji with Aspergillus terreus (RAT) has been reported to be able to prevent hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis through regulating cholesterol synthesis. Despite its biological activities, there is a lack of comprehensive information to give an assurance of its safety. Therefore, the objective of this study was to perform a series of toxicological studies (repeated dose oral toxicity and genotoxicity) according to test guidelines published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. Along with acute toxicity study using rats and beagle dogs, a 13-week toxicity study revealed no clear RAT-related toxic changes, including body weight, mortality, hematology, serum biochemistry, organ weight, and histopathology after oral administration at doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg BW. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of RAT was considered to be more than 2000 mg/kg BW/day in rats of both genders. In addition, potential genotoxicity was evaluated using a standard battery of tests (Ames test, chromosome aberration assay, and micronucleus assay) which revealed that RAT showed no genotoxicity. Accordingly, these results suggest that RAT is a safe and non-toxic functional food for human consumption at proper dose.     

口腔卫生用品中甲硝唑的致突变检测及分析

验证加入口腔卫生品中的硝唑的遗传毒性。采用中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞体外染色体畸变试验和胎鼠肝血嗜多染红细胞微试验对甲硝唑进行了检测。「结果」甲硝唑可引起ＣＨＬ细胞染色体的断裂、缺失和易位等结构异常,畸变率明显高于空白对照;各剂量组胎鼠肝血嗜多染红细胞微核率均高于对照组,中高高剂量组微核率与对照组相比差异有极显著性,且存在较为明显的量－反应关系。「结论」甲硝唑经肠胃吸收后,可透过胎盘屏障进入胎鼠,并造成     

共轭亚油酸对正常动物细胞和人体肿瘤细胞间通讯功能的影响

为探讨c9,t11-共轭亚油酸 (CLA)的抑癌作用可能机制 ,在促癌物 (TPA)存在下 ,对正常细胞(CHL)以及人体肿瘤细胞 (SGC 790 1细胞和MCF 7细胞 )的细胞间隙连接通讯功能 (GJIC)的影响 ,采用划痕标记染料示踪技术 (SLDT) ;c9,t11 CLA剂量为 2 5 (mol L ,5 0 (mol L ,10 0 (mol L和 2 0 0 (mol L ,阴性对照为乙醇。结果显示 ,c9,t11 CLA可明显地提高TPA对CHL细胞的GJIC的抑制效应 ,当c9,t11 CLA浓度为 2 0 0 (mol L作用 48h时 ,细胞间隙通讯功能基本上与阴性对照组相近 ;当用c9,t11 CLA作用SGC 790 1细胞和MCF 7细胞2 4h和 48h时 ,可见 (2 4h 10 0 μmol L的MCF 7细胞 ) 2 4h 2 0 0 μmol L和 48h 10 0、2 0 0 μmol L剂量组的肿瘤细胞有一定的细胞间隙通讯功能。提示c9,t11 CLA可提高SGC 790 1细胞和MCF 7细胞的GJIC的功能 ,并且不同程度的拮抗TPA对CHL细胞GJIC的抑制效应     

氯化镉对中国地鼠肺细胞的细胞毒性和染色体畸变效应

用ＭＴＴ法研究不同浓度的氯化镉对中国地鼠肺细胞的细胞毒性，结果表明：ＭＴＴ还原量减少，甲生成量与氯化镉浓度、染毒时间之间存在依赖关系，２４和４８小时的半数生长抑制浓度分别为５．７×１０＾－５和１．６６×１０＾－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。我们还研究了不同浓度的氯化镉对ＣＨＬ细胞的染色体畸变效应，结果表明：不同浓度氯化镉引起的ＣＨＬ细胞染色体畸变率显著高于阴性对照组，畸变类型主要包括染色体断裂、易位、多倍体等。畸     

叶绿酸对小鼠肺肿瘤发生的预防作用

乌拉坦单次腹腔注射（５００ｍｇ／ｋｇ）以及己烯雌酚（ＤＥＳ）多次肌肉注射（５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ），联合诱导小鼠肺肿瘤。以ＣＨＬ０．３ｇ／Ｌ和ＣＨＬ１．５ｇ／Ｌ饮水供小鼠自由饮用以研究其抑瘤作用。１８周后作肺肿瘤病理分析，饮用ＣＨＬ的动物中肿瘤发生率和癌症发生率均显著降低，且平均肿瘤数和恶性肿瘤比例也明显降低。高剂量ＣＨＬ组的肿瘤发生率和平均肿瘤数明显低于低剂量ＣＨＬ组。ＣＨＬ可降低肺肿瘤组织中雌、孕激素受体的阳性率。结果说明ＣＨＬ对肺肿瘤的发生有预防作用。     

硝酸铅对CHL有丝分裂细胞纺锤体的损伤作用

用不同浓度的硝酸铅处理ＣＨＬ细胞２４小时后，有丝分裂纺锤体和染色体分化染色的实验结果表明，随着硝酸铅浓度的升高，各种类型的纺锤体异常都有剂量依赖性升高，其中非中板集合、多极、Ｃ－中期的最高值（％）分别达到２１．８，２３．０，１４．７。在本实验的最高浓度，已观察不到纺锤体形态正常的细胞，球形中期占１００％。我们就铅对有丝分裂周期的阻滞作用及纺锤体毒性的特点。进行了简要的讨论。     

The ADAMs family: coordinators of nervous system development, plasticity and repair

A disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) transmembrane proteins have metalloprotease, integrin-binding, intracellular signaling and cell adhesion activities. In contrast to other metalloproteases, ADAMs are particularly important for cleavage-dependent activation of proteins such as Notch, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha), and can bind integrins. Not surprisingly, ADAMs have been shown or suggested to play important roles in the development of the nervous system, where they regulate proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival of various cells, as well as axonal growth and myelination. On the eleventh anniversary of the naming of this family of proteins, the relatively unknown ADAMs are emerging as potential therapeutic targets for neural repair. For example, over-expression of ADAM10, one of the alpha-secretases for APP, can prevent amyloid formation and hippocampal defects in an Alzheimer mouse model. Another example of this potential neural repair role is the finding that ADAM21 is uniquely associated with neurogenesis and growing axons of the adult brain. This comprehensive review will discuss the growing literature about the roles of ADAMs in the developing and adult nervous system, and their potential roles in neurological disorders. Most excitingly, the expanding understanding of their normal roles suggests that they can be manipulated to promote neural repair in the degenerating and injured adult nervous system.     

单细胞凝胶电泳分析地黄提取物对仓鼠肺成纤维细胞DNA的损伤作用

目的 采用单细胞凝胶电泳（彗星实验）技术研究地黄提取物致仓鼠肺成纤维细胞（CHL细胞）DNA的损伤作用,为该药物临床前安全性评价提供参考。方法 采用0.2、1.0、5.0 mg/mL地黄提取物,用双氧水作为阳性对照药,处理细胞,24 h后收获细胞,进行彗星电泳实验。结果/b> 双氧水处理后造成CHL细胞产生明显的DNA损伤,呈现不同彗尾长度的彗星,与阴性对照组比较有显著差异。不同质量浓度的地黄提取物处理细胞后,彗星长、彗尾长度等各项指标与阴性对照组比较无显著差异。结论 单细胞凝胶电泳检测DNA损伤的敏感度较高,不同质量浓度的地黄提取物对CHL细胞未产生DNA损伤。