Clinical implications of interictal epileptiform discharges in cognitive functioning in CEC syndrome with evolution into epileptic encephalopathy

In epileptic encephalopathies (EE), interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) contribute to cognitive impairment. The EE process has been studied in a patient affected by epilepsy with occipital calcification and celiac disease (CEC syndrome) by combining the administration of brain area stimulus specific (visual and auditory) reaction times (RT) during continuous EEG monitoring with the off-line reconstruction of auditory and visual evoked potentials (EP). Visual RT and VEP were abnormal only if recorded concomitantly to the IEDs. Auditory RT and EP were normal. When the EE process is going on, IEDs transiently disrupt aspects of cortical functioning, contributing to the cognitive impairment.     

Chitin,chitinases, and chitin lectins: Emerging roles in human pathophysiology

Chitin is a simple β-linked repeating sugar polymer prominent in the building block structures of a wide variety of organisms, from the yeast cell wall to the exoskeleton and shells of arthropods and other forms of invertebrate life. It had previously been assumed that vertebrates did not contain chitins. However, chitin and chitinases are now documented to occur in vertebrate tissues. Chitin, chitinases and particularly chitinase-like proteins are involved in important human pathologies, though the mechanisms by which these function is unknown. These chitinase-like proteins bind to chitin and function as chitin lectins in that they bind to chitin but have lost the ability to degrade it. Emphasis is placed on one of the chitinase-like proteins, CHI3L1, that has acquired wide clinical importance. The purpose of this review is to place an array of bewildering observations associated with various human disorders into a framework, particularly the pathologies of the human gastro-intestinal tract. A reasonably cohesive story may eventually emerge.     

1-Year Outcomes of the CENTERA-EU Trial Assessing a Novel Self-Expanding Transcatheter Heart Valve

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to report the 1-year results of the CENTERA-EU trial.

甘露醇对急性肺损伤兔外周血循环内皮细胞、IL-8表达的影响

目的探讨甘露醇对急性肺损伤（ALI）兔循环内皮细胸（CEC）、IL-8表达的影响及其在ALI的防治作用和可能机制。方法以内毒素（LPs）致急性肺损伤兔为模型，随机分为3组：对照组、甘露醇治疗组和速尿治疗组，分别观察4个不同时限点各组中肺湿重与干重比（W／D）、CEC及IL-8含量变化。结果甘露醇组肺湿重与干重比较对照组（即LPS组）显著降低（P〈0．05），速尿组较对照组差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。甘露醇组、速尿组各时限点CEC计数均低于对照组，6h时差异有显著性（P〈O．05）。未经治疗的对照组，6h时CEC显著高于其他时限点（P〈O．05）。IL-8检测结果显示，2h后对照组IL-8含量开始逐渐升高，并显著高于甘露醇组，与速尿组对比，差别无显著性。结论甘露醇可能通过影响炎症损伤级联反应的多个环节，抑制CEC、IL-8等多种效应因子的产生和表达，从而对ALI发挥防治作用。     

血脉通颗粒对实验性家兔颈动脉粥样硬化的影响

目的探究血脉通颗粒对实验家兔颈动脉粥样硬化干预的作用机理。方法高脂饲料加空气干燥术形成家兔颈动脉粥样硬化模型,并给予血脉通颗粒治疗3个月后,观察对各组家兔血脂、血清循环内皮细胞(CEC)、血清基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)、血浆内皮素(ET)、一氧化氮(NO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)及血液流变学的影响。结果血脉通颗粒可降低模型家兔血脂、CEC、MMP1、MMP9、MDA及ET;升高TIMP-1、NO、SOD水平,改善血液流变学。结论血脉通颗粒可通过调节血脂,减轻对血管内皮细胞的损伤,抑制基质金属蛋白酶活性,抗氧化及改善血液流变学等途径,能干预颈动脉硬化的形成。     

Production,purification and biological characterization of mono-PEGylated anti-IL-17A antibody fragments

The aim of this study was to maximize the yield of the production of mono-PEGylated anti-interleukin-17A (anti-IL-17A) antibody fragments using large (≥20 kDa) polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains. Particular attention was paid to selectively yield mono-PEGylated species to maintain the maximum possible functionality and to simplify the purification. Neutralization of IL-17A by antibody constructs might find application for the treatment of bronchial hyperreactivity. Amino-directed and sulfhydryl-directed PEGylation of the native antibody fragments were compared. The former was selected as it produced the most interesting construct in terms of yield and preservation of biological activity. In particular, the F(ab′)₂-PEG conjugate with one 40 kDa branched PEG prepared in this study was produced at a 42% yield. The conjugate presented only a slight decrease in its binding activity and in its in vitro inhibitory potency offering interesting perspectives for in vivo studies.     

毛细管电色谱法在药物分析中的应用

毛细管电色谱是结合了现代最新两种分离技术——高效液相色谱和毛细管电泳的优势而发展起来的一种新型微分离分析技术,满足了当前复杂样品分析和分析仪器微型化的需求,得到广泛关注。文章综述了该技术近来在生物样品分析、化学药物分析、中药分析等方面的应用进展,评述了各方法的特点,指出了存在的问题并展望了毛细管电色谱发展前景。     

乌司他丁对脓毒症大鼠血管内皮细胞的影响

目的采用盲肠结扎穿孔脓毒症模型,研究乌司他丁对脓毒症大鼠血清E-选择素水平和循环内皮细胞的影响。方法SD大鼠72只随机分为3组:A组(假手术组,n=8),B组(脓毒症组,n=32),C组(乌司他丁组,n=32),A组和B组于术后立即皮下注射生理盐水5 mL,C组皮下注射乌司他丁(100 000 U.kg-1,溶于5 mL生理盐水中)。A组术后和B组、C组术后3,6,12和24 h四时相点采血检测血清E-选择素,同时行循环内皮细胞检测。结果 B组和C组各时相点血清E选择素水平及循环内皮细胞计数显著高于A组(P0.01),而各时相点C组血清E选择素水平及循环内皮细胞计数又显著低于B组(P0.05)。结论脓毒症大鼠存在血管内皮细胞的活化及损伤;在脓毒症早期乌司他丁干预可能对内皮细胞有一定保护作用。