持续不卧床腹膜透析治疗小儿肾功能衰竭

目的　观察持续不卧床腹膜透析 (CAPD)治疗小儿急、慢性肾功能衰竭的临床疗效。方法　对确诊为急、慢性肾功能衰竭 ,符合透析指征的 18例患儿行 CAPD治疗。结果　 18例肾功能衰竭的患儿进行 CAPD平均透析时间为 34 .5± 8.0天。住院期间存活 16例 ,死亡 2例。 2例慢性肾功能衰竭患儿出院后在家中继续透析 ,其中 1例因中断透析死亡 ;18例血钾于 2 4～ 48小时恢复正常 ,血浆 HCO- 3于 48～ 72小时内恢复正常。血尿素氮、肌酐值经腹膜透析 5～ 10天分别下降 5 2 .5 %和 40 .2 %。尿毒症症状消失或明显减轻。腹膜透析并发症有腹膜炎、透析管引流处腹透液外渗、透析管移位、低钾、高血糖。结论　 CAPD在治疗小儿急、慢性肾功能衰竭中安全、有效。具备透析指征者尽早使用 CAPD可以控制体内代谢紊乱 ,减轻尿毒症症状     

主观全面营养评价法在腹膜透析患者中的应用

目的与方法：用主观全面营养评价（ＳｕｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅＧｌｏｂａｌＡｓｓｅｓｓｍｅｎｔ，ＳＧＡ）结合部分生化指标对３３例持续性不卧床腹膜透析（ＣｏｎｔｉｎｕｏｕｓＡｍｂｕｌａｔｏｒｙＰｅｒｉｔｏｎｅａｌＤｉａｌｙｓｉｓ，ＣＡＰＤ）患者进行了５５例次营养评价。结果：营养良好的患者血清白蛋白、氮表现率相当蛋白（ＮｏｒｍａｌｉｚｅｄＰｒｏｔｅｉｎＥｑｕｉｖａｌｅｎｔｏｆＮｉｔｒｏｇｅｎＡｐｐｅａｒａｎｃｅＲａｔｅ，ＮＰＮＡ）较高。各组间上臂围、三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂肌围无明显差别。ＳＧＡ评分与血清白蛋白（ｒ＝－０．７１，Ｐ＜０．０１）、转铁蛋白（ｒ＝－０．３２，Ｐ＜０．０５）、前白蛋白（ｒ＝－０．３６，Ｐ＜０．０５）浓度和ＮＰＮＡ（ｒ＝－０．４３，Ｐ＜０．０５）明显相关。Ｋａｐｐａ检验发现ＳＧＡ与血清白蛋白浓度评价结果比较一致（Ｋａｐｐａ＝０．５４１，Ｐ＜０．０５）且ＳＧＡ能够发现早期的营养不良。     

The use of povidone iodine in exit site care for patients undergoing continuous peritoneal dialysis (CAPD)

Exit site infection is a major risk factor for the development of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The frequency of infection can be reduced by scrupulous exit site care with or without topical antiseptics. A randomized trial was performed of 149 catheters in 130 patients to assess any additional benefits conferred by the use of povidine iodine dry powder spray at dressing changes over an existing strict protocol of exit care. Exit infections occurred in 14 (18%) of 77 patients using spray and in 15 (21%) of 72 patients not using spray. The risk of peritonitis was also similar in each group. The proportion of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus was reduced in the spray group, but those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were increased. Rash occurred in 6% of those using the spray. The use of the spray did not therefore seem justified.