EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines. Protecting consumers with food allergies: understanding food consumption,meeting regulations and identifying unmet needs

Individuals suffering from IgE‐mediated food allergy usually have to practise life‐long food allergen avoidance. This document aims to provide an overview of recent evidence‐based recommendations for allergen risk assessment and management in the food industry and discusses unmet needs and expectations of the food allergic consumer in that context. There is a general duty of care on the food industry and obligations in European Union legislation to reduce and manage the presence of allergens alongside other food hazards. Current evidence enables quantification of allergen reference doses used to set‐up reliable food safety management plans for some foods. However, further work is required to include a wider variety of foods and to understand the impact of the food matrix as well as additional factors which affect the progression and severity of symptoms as a function of dose. Major concerns have been raised by patients, carers and patient groups about the use of precautionary ‘may contain’ labelling to address the issue of unintended presence of allergens; these therefore need to be reconsidered. New and improved allergen detection methods should be evaluated for their application in food production. There is an urgent requirement for effective communication between healthcare professionals, patient organizations, food industry representatives and regulators to develop a better approach to protecting consumers with food allergies.     

化工废水非挥发性有机污染物致突变性的研究

本研究采用大孔树脂富集四种化工废水中非挥发性有机物，通过Ａｍｅｓ，ＳＯＳ、鱼类血细胞微核率三种生物试验方法检验其致突变性；结果表明，四种化工废水均含有致突变物，其中以炼油、印染两种废水的致突变性最强。     

桑叶乙酸乙酯萃取物化学成分分析

[目的]提取分离桑叶中的化学成分,并对其进行结构鉴定.[方法]利用800 mL/L乙醇对桑叶进行提取,溶剂梯度萃取,硅胶柱层析分离,利用核磁共振氢谱及碳谱等波谱学方法确定各成分结构.[结果]从乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部分得6种化合物,经结构鉴定分别为β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅱ)、山奈酚-3-O--βD-葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅳ)、槲皮苷(Ⅴ)及桑黄素-3-O--βD-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅵ),其中化合物Ⅵ为首次从桑叶中分离得到.     

Thyroid hormone abnormalities at diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children

Comprehensive evaluation of thyroid hormone indices was performed in 58 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) at the time of diagnosis and prior to insulin therapy. Two patients were found to have primary hypothyroidism, with markedly elevated TSH and very low T4, free T4, T3, and reverse T3 concentrations. The remaining 56 patients had the transient alterations in thyroid hormone indices that are characteristic of "euthyroid sick" or "low T3" syndrome. Mean TSH and reverse T3 values were significantly higher and the mean T3, T4, and free T4 levels were significantly lower than those observed in the control population. Ten of the diabetic patients had elevated TSH concentrations and normal or low free T4 values; eight had normal TSH levels and low T4 and free T4 values. The remainder of the group had thyroid indices compatible with abnormal peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones. Elevated titers of antimicrosomal antibodies were found in 16% of the children with IDDM. We conclude that abnormal peripheral metabolism and altered hypothalamic-pituitary function are responsible for the transient changes in thyroid hormone indices in patients with untreated IDDM. The most reliable indicators of concomitant primary hypothyroidism in untreated IDDM are markedly elevated TSH and low reverse T3 values.     

中药品种保护为中药企业的发展注入活力

贯彻落实《中药品种保护条例》是调整优化我国中药制药工业品种结构、经济结构的重要措施之一，对推动中药事业的发展具有十分重要的作用和意义。     

Health and safety in the catering industry

There is evidence that the catering industry has high levels of work-related injury and disease. This study examined the incidence, nature and causes of work-related injury and disease among 315 catering students, at a large school of catering in the west of Ireland, over a 10 month academic year. A high incidence of accidents that caused injury was found. Cuts and lacerations, arising from accidents with knives, were the most common injuries seen, followed by burns and scalds from handling hot liquids. A significant level of work-related dermatitis was also recorded. Trainee chefs were identified as an occupational group with a high risk of occupational injury and disease. This group would benefit from vaccination against tetanus. Work-related injuries and disease generated a significant workload for the student health unit, which in itself is a good reason for catering establishments to make use of occupational health services. Health and safety procedures need to be audited and constantly reviewed at a local level. Further research is necessary to more accurately determine the incidence, nature and leading causes of work-related injury and disease in the catering industry in Ireland. This would help in the planning and implementation of an effective health and safety management system.     

Development and application of a fuzzy occupational health risk assessment model in the healthcare industry

Background:Hazards of the workplace and their impacts on the healthcare industry affect the quality of patient care and safety and impose high costs on the healthcare industry. Occupational health in this industry requires proper identification of hazards and managing the related risks. In this study, the researchers attempted to develop an easy-to-use and high applicability occupational health risk assessment model with a fuzzy approach to evaluate risks more precisely.Methods:In this study, a fuzzy inference system (FIS) was designed and applied to develop a risk assessment model.Conclusions:This study showed that the developed model could be applied as a practical model for evaluating occupational health risks. The weight of each risk criterion was used to calculate the risk level by adopting a fuzzy approach. The risk assessment results construed using the fuzzy set theory provided a broad picture of risks and could work adequately in the presence of inaccurate and insufficient data to calculate the risk. This model calculates risk levels and provides us with the dispersion and distribution of the calculated value of the risk number.     

家具制造业工人职业卫生认知及行为调查分析

目的调查分析龙岗区龙岗街道家具制造业接触职业病危害因素劳动者职业卫生认知及行为情况,为减少和避免该行业职业病的发生、发展提供预防控制意见。方法采用问卷调查的方法由调查者自行填写,结果录入SPSS进行统计检验。结果有效问卷875份,其中文化程度、工龄在知识和态度方面有统计学意义;劳动者对《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》总体知晓率不高,职业危害因素知识了解较少,职业卫生行为的落实上与态度并不一致,多未正确使用个人防护用品。结论应加强该行业职业卫生知识的培训教育力度,针对不同层次,不同人群开展健康教育,对不良的行为习惯进行干预,增强劳动者自我保护意识。     

中药产业应对“一带一路”倡议的知识图谱分析

目的:分析"一带一路"倡议和中药产业的研究热点,为中药产业发展提供全新、系统的参考数据。方法:在中国知网以主题词的形式进行专业检索,使用CiteSpace软件绘制关键词网络图谱、聚类图谱、叠加图谱。结果:"一带一路"倡议研究现状以所涉及的区域经济、文化、社会协同发展等为主;中药产业研究现状以中药资源与种植、中药产业链、中药现代化、人才培养、中药产品研发和保护等为主;中药产业应对"一带一路"倡议的出路在于相关的政府机构对中药产业的政策支持、人才培养、中药产业相关的企业和个人要重视中药国际化和持续化发展、竞争力的培养等。结论:中药产业的良好、健康发展,需要党和各级政府适时出台各种有利于促进中药产业发展的政策和措施,社会各界要为中药产业的发展培养需要的人才、提供建议,中药企业要善于利用SWOT分析技术,坚持特色,重点培养核心竞争力。     

中印原料药产业竞争力比较研究

为提升我国原料药产业的国际竞争力提供参考。参阅国内、外文献,采用SWOT分析法,对中印原料药产业进行分析比较。结果表明:印度原料药产业在产品标准、国际认证、人才储备和产业结构等方面均优于我国,我国原料药产业可以借鉴印度原料药产业的成功经验,确定适合自己的发展战略。