中印原料药产业竞争力比较研究

为提升我国原料药产业的国际竞争力提供参考。参阅国内、外文献,采用SWOT分析法,对中印原料药产业进行分析比较。结果表明:印度原料药产业在产品标准、国际认证、人才储备和产业结构等方面均优于我国,我国原料药产业可以借鉴印度原料药产业的成功经验,确定适合自己的发展战略。     

我国磷资源凸显新特点 磷肥行业需冷静对待

磷矿作为化肥及磷化工的主要矿物原料,具有基础原料和农用物资原料的双重属性,同时,磷矿又是不可再生的战略资源.在国民经济中具有重要的地位.介绍我国磷矿资源的特征及通过对矿山开发利用的整治后凸显的新特点,提出磷肥行业认真对待磷资源新特点的几点意见.     

陕西省大荔县县级餐饮业原料的主要卫生问题及对策

目的了解陕西省大荔县县级及乡镇级不同规模餐饮单位原料相关卫生问题，为食品卫生安全管理提供依据。方法随机抽取全县202户餐饮业，自行设计调查表，采用问卷调查和现场检查相结合的调查方法。结果大型餐饮单位各种控制措施较好，中型餐饮单位次之，小型餐饮单位最差（P〈0．05），原料卫生问题是：使用商标标识不易辨认或无商品标签；使用无产地、厂名、生产日期、保质期的定型包装食品；不能按批次索证；小型餐饮食品采购人员卫生知识普遍差。结论餐饮单位原料采购过程中存在问题较多，可以通过加强管理，健全各项制度，组织监督员和从业人员培训等对策得到改善和解决。     

化工工人健康状况及其与工作能力的关系

[目的]调查化工工人健康状况和工作能力,为提高工人的身体健康和工作能力提供依据。[方法]整群抽样选择某地区化工工人1 089名。用工作能力指数量表（W AI）评价工作能力,用问卷和职业健康检查结果相结合的方法对健康状况进行调查。[结果]1 089名化工工人中经医生确诊患有疾病者为508名（46.6%）,其工作能力的总得分和单项得分均低于健康工人（P﹤0.01）,不同性别以及不同劳动类型化工个人的健康得分差异无统计学意义（P﹥0.05）;随着年龄的增高健康得分呈下降趋势（P﹤0.01）;健康状况得分与工作能力之间存在着密切的相关关系（r=0.529,P﹤0.05）。[结论]化工工人的健康状况不容忽视,改善工作环境,促进身体健康,对提高工人的工作能力有重要作用。     

中国制药业发展趋势分析

我国制药企业并购浪朝高涨，药品价格处于下行通道，现代生物技术药挑战化学药地位，非处方药快速发展，化学制剂增长稳定，化学原料药增长趋缓，仿制药、传统中药面临大的发展空间，对制药企业既是机遇也是挑战。现对我国制药业的发展趋势作一分析。     

Update of a study of crude oil production workers 1946-94

OBJECTIVE—To update information on workers in the petroleum industry engaged in the production of crude oil to determine whether the patterns of mortality have changed with 14 additional years of follow up.
METHODS—All workers were employed at company production and pipeline locations sometime during 1946-94. The cohort now consists of 24 124 employees with an average of 22 years of follow up.
RESULTS—The overall mortality, and most cause specific mortalities were lower than or similar to those for the general United States population. For white men (81% of the cohort), there were 4361 observed deaths and 5945 expected, resulting in a significantly lower standardised mortality ratio (SMR) of 73. There were significant deficits for all the leading causes of death in the United States including all cancers, cancer of the lung, stroke, heart disease, respiratory disease, and accidents. Slightly increased mortality was found for cancer of the prostate, cancer of the brain and central nervous system, and cancer of other lymphatic tissue. For benign and unspecified neoplasms, the SMR was 152 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 95 to 230). There was a significant increase for acute myelogenous leukaemia that was restricted to people who were first employed before 1940 and who were employed in production and pipeline jobs for >30 years. Overall mortality patterns for non-white men and women were similar to those for white men. Mortality patterns for white men were also examined by duration of employment, time first employed, and by job group.
CONCLUSIONS—The results of the updated study showed a favourable mortality experience for crude oil production workers compared with the United States population.


Keywords: petroleum industry; occupational cancer; mortality; crude oil     

化工废水非挥发性有机污染物致突变性的研究

本研究采用大孔树脂富集四种化工废水中非挥发性有机物，通过Ａｍｅｓ，ＳＯＳ、鱼类血细胞微核率三种生物试验方法检验其致突变性；结果表明，四种化工废水均含有致突变物，其中以炼油、印染两种废水的致突变性最强。     

Thyroid hormone abnormalities at diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children

Comprehensive evaluation of thyroid hormone indices was performed in 58 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) at the time of diagnosis and prior to insulin therapy. Two patients were found to have primary hypothyroidism, with markedly elevated TSH and very low T4, free T4, T3, and reverse T3 concentrations. The remaining 56 patients had the transient alterations in thyroid hormone indices that are characteristic of "euthyroid sick" or "low T3" syndrome. Mean TSH and reverse T3 values were significantly higher and the mean T3, T4, and free T4 levels were significantly lower than those observed in the control population. Ten of the diabetic patients had elevated TSH concentrations and normal or low free T4 values; eight had normal TSH levels and low T4 and free T4 values. The remainder of the group had thyroid indices compatible with abnormal peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones. Elevated titers of antimicrosomal antibodies were found in 16% of the children with IDDM. We conclude that abnormal peripheral metabolism and altered hypothalamic-pituitary function are responsible for the transient changes in thyroid hormone indices in patients with untreated IDDM. The most reliable indicators of concomitant primary hypothyroidism in untreated IDDM are markedly elevated TSH and low reverse T3 values.     

Impact of the Pick the Tick food information programme on the salt content of food in New Zealand

The Pick the Tick programme of the National Heart Foundation of New Zealand aims to provide a framework for cooperation with the food industry to improve nutrition labelling and to develop a healthy food supply. Food manufacturers, whose products meet defined nutritional criteria, are able to display the Pick the Tick logo on food labels. The tick is used by 59% of shoppers in assisting them make healthy food choices. Food companies are encouraged to reformulate product composition if they fail to meet criteria and develop new products to specifically meet the Pick the Tick criteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the programme on food formulation. The main outcome measure was the amount of salt not added to food products. Changes to sodium levels were multiplied by the volume of sales and then converted to salt in tonnes to provide a tangible measure of the impact of the programme. In a 1-year period, July 1998 to June 1999, Pick the Tick influenced food companies to exclude approximately 33 tonnes of salt through the reformulation and formulation of 23 breads, breakfast cereals and margarine. Breakfast cereals showed the largest reduction in sodium content by an average of 378 mg sodium per 100 g product (61%). Bread was reduced by an average of 123 mg per 100 g product (26%) and margarine by 53 mg per 100 g (11%). Pick the Tick appeals to the food industry as a tool for marketing food products and has provided an incentive to improve the nutritional value of foods. The tick on approved products not only acts as a 'nutrition signpost' for consumers but can also significantly influence the formulation of products without sacrificing taste or quality.