前路病灶清除植骨内固定术治疗胸腰椎结核

目的探讨在胸、腰椎结核外科治疗中,前路病灶清除植骨内固定术对清除结核病灶,对脊髓神经的减压及重建脊柱稳定性的重要性。方法对2000年10月~2004年6月共收治的胸、腰椎结核患者46例,采用前路病灶清除自体髂骨植骨38例,异体深冻骨植骨并胸、腰椎前路钛钢板内固定8例。结果经过平均18个月的随访,长达1~1.5年的抗结核治疗,44例患者结核治愈,植骨融合时间平均为5.2个月。术前截瘫、不全瘫或伴有神经症状者均有不同程度的恢复;1例内固定松动、异体深冻骨植骨未融合;1例复发,但其异体深冻骨植骨块及内固定位置良好,经继续抗结核治疗6个月后结核治愈。结论前路病灶清除,自体髂骨植骨,钛钢板内固定对胸、腰椎结核疗效肯定,异体深冻骨植骨存在融合慢或不融合的问题。     

单钉-棒固定在胸腰椎结核前路手术中的应用

目的探讨脊柱结核手术内固定的有效方式。方法2002年6月~2004年6月,在手术前有效抗结核化疗的基础上,采用前路病灶清除、植骨融合及单钉-棒内固定的手术方式治疗胸、腰椎结核患者54例。术中在保证彻底清创的基础上注意保留病椎有血供的部分和无明显破坏的椎间盘,以减少切除范围和融合的节段,有神经症状者注意行椎管前侧减压。骨缺损采用自体髂骨、异体髂骨 自体碎骨、或钛网 自体碎骨的方法修复,安置单钉-棒时注意对移植骨块适当加压。患者术后卧床10d左右,然后在支具的保护下下床活动。本组共有41例患者获得随访,手术后随访的时间7~31个月,平均18个月。结果患者所有的结核病灶均顺利愈合,植骨稳定,无明显移位和塌陷,内固定器无松脱和折断,其中37例达到骨性愈合标准;脊柱后凸角平均矫正达23°,患者术前伴有的神经症状也大部分消失,绝大部分患者恢复日常生活、工作。结论前路单钉-棒内固定不仅能够维持胸、腰椎结核手术后脊柱的稳定,防止移植骨块的脱位、塌陷和骨不愈合的发生,而且可以最大范围地减少融合节段,减少术中创伤,故是手术治疗胸、腰椎结核的可靠固定方式。     

Giant mediastinal bronchial artery aneurysm mimicking mediastinal mass: A case report and brief review of the literature

Bronchial artery aneurysm and pseudoaneurysm is a rare but life-threatening diagnosis due to catastrophic complications from rupture. Prompt detection and management is key to prevent complications. CT angiogram and digital subtraction angiography are preferred diagnostic imaging modalities. Being very uncommon, these entities can be misdiagnosed as a nonspecific mediastinal soft tissue mass, which can lead to delay in diagnosis and inappropriate or delayed management. We present a case of 72-year-old woman with incidentally detected large bronchial artery pseudoaneurysm, incorrectly classified as mediastinal malignancy at outside facility, receiving follow-up exams for 2 years, before correct diagnosis and management.     

Mycobacterium leprae Infection in a Wild Nine-Banded Armadillo,Nuevo León,Mexico

Nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) are naturally infected with Mycobacterium leprae and are implicated in the zoonotic transmission of leprosy in the United States. In Mexico, the existence of such a reservoir remains to be characterized. We describe a wild armadillo infected by M. leprae in the state of Nuevo León, Mexico.     

Disseminated Histoplasmosis in Persons with HIV/AIDS,Southern Brazil, 2010–2019

We evaluated disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) in HIV patients over 10 years in southern Brazil. The incidence was 12 cases/1,000 hospitalizations (2010–2019); the mortality rate was 35%. Tuberculosis frequently obscured the diagnosis of DH. We emphasize the need in our region to suspect and investigate DH using more sensitive methods.     

Sensitivity of Mycobacterium leprae to Telacebec

The treatment of leprosy is long and complex, benefiting from the development of sterilizing, rapidly-acting drugs. Reductive evolution made Mycobacterium leprae exquisitely sensitive to Telacebec, a phase 2 drug candidate for tuberculosis_. The unprecedented potency of Telacebec against M. leprae warrants further validation in clinical trials.     

淄博市放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核率分析

对978名放射工作人员(放射组)和408名非接触电离辐射或其他有毒有害作业因素的体检人员(对照组)进行外周血淋巴细胞微核率的分析。结果显示,放射人员微核细胞率及微核率高于对照组(P<0.05);放射作业中介入放射、核医学人员的年人均有效剂量显著高于放射诊断、放射治疗和工业探伤人员(P<0.05),女性微核细胞率及微核率高于男性(P<0.05),介入放射人员的微核细胞率及微核率明显高于放射诊断、放射治疗人员(P<0.05),核医学人员微核细胞率及微核率高于放射诊断、放射治疗人员(P<0.05);不同工龄放射工作人员之间的微核细胞率及微核率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中工龄>20年的放射工作人员微核细胞率、微核率明显高于工龄≤10年、10～<20年人员(P<0.05)。提示低剂量电离辐射诱发的细胞遗传学损伤仍然存在,应进一步加强放射工作人员的个人防护。     

复苏因子薄层琼脂快速培养法诊断结核性胸膜炎的应用研究

目的 建立胸腔积液结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,M.tb)复苏因子薄层琼脂(Rpfs-TLA)快速培养法并评估其临床应用价值。方法 收集2016年7月至2018年11月北京胸科医院103例结核性胸膜炎和34例其他胸膜疾病患者的胸腔积液,经过离心、消化处理后进行M.tb复苏因子薄层琼脂和普通薄层琼脂培养,比较Rpfs-TLA与普通TLA培养M.tb的阳性率、平均报阳时间、菌落形成单位数的组间差异。结果 胸腔积液Rpfs-TLA培养组和普通TLA对照组M.tb的阳性率分别为43.7%和29.1%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=54.56,P<0.001)。Rpfs-TLA培养显微镜下微菌落与肉眼可视菌落平均报告时间为11.87 d和18.13 d,差异有统计学意义(t=31.82,P<0.001)。Rpfs-TLA与普通TLA培养显微镜下微菌落的平均报告时间为11.87 d和20.60 d,差异有统计学意义(t=16.62,P<0.001)。Rpfs-TLA诊断结核性胸膜炎的灵敏度为43.7%,特异度为100%,准确度...     

Prevalence and interpretation of Xpert® Ultra trace results among presumptive TB patients

BACKGROUND:The “trace call” results on Xpert® Ultra indicates extremely low TB levels and may be difficult to interpret. The prevalence of trace results among presumptive TB patients in high TB-HIV infection settings is unknown, as is the significance of divergent “trace call” result interpretations.METHODS:Presumptive TB patients attending a public health facility in Lusaka, Zambia, were prospectively enrolled. Participants underwent several TB investigations, including sputum smear microscopy, Ultra testing, and culture. The diagnostic accuracy of Ultra (culture-based reference) and the number of patients recommended for TB treatment was assessed according to several different interpretation criteria for “trace call” results.RESULTS:Among the 740 participants, 78 (10.5%) were Ultra-positive and an additional 37 (5.0%) had a “trace call” result. The prevalence of trace results did not differ according to HIV status (5.3% vs. 4.8%) or prior TB status (5.6% vs. 4.9%). Differing interpretations of trace results had modest effects on Ultra’s sensitivity (range 79.3–82.6%) and specificity (range 94.3–99.2%), but increased the number of patients recommended for treatment by up to 44.9%.CONCLUSIONS:Ultra trace results were common in this setting. The interpretation of trace results may substantially impact TB case yield.     

CT引导下经皮穿刺微创介入治疗脊柱结核脓肿

目的评价CT引导下经皮穿刺置管冲洗引流治疗脊柱结核脓肿的作用及疗效。资料与方法搜集近2年临床诊断为胸、腰椎结核并椎旁脓肿形成且经平片或CT检查证实的患者资料11例。在CT定位下,取椎旁脓肿最大层面穿刺,经穿刺定位针并扩张达5．0mm工作套管,置入双腔同轴引流管,保留引流管并用药物冲洗引流,同时配合临床口服抗结核药物治疗。结果经3～24个月随访,10例取得良好的疗效（其中7例治愈,3例有效）,1例疗效不理想,所有病例均无并发症发生。结论CT引导下经皮穿刺置管冲洗引流化疗治疗脊柱结核是一种操作简便、安全有效、创伤很小的介入治疗方法。