DNA探针板杂交法检测临床标本中结核杆菌的应用

目的：在酶标板上进行ＤＮＡ探针杂交,评价其在检测临床标本中结核杆菌的应用价值。方法：收集７１份结核性标本和３２份非结核性标本,进行ＤＮＡ扩增,把扩增产物分别进行电泳和ＤＮＡ探针杂交,比较其结果。结果：７１份结核性标本电泳法阳性率为４５１％,ＤＮＡ探针法阳性率为６９０％;３２份非结核性标本二者均为阴性。结论：ＤＮＡ探针杂交可提高临床标本中结核杆菌的阳性检出率,是结核病早期诊断的一种新方法。     

聚合酶链反应检测二甲苯集菌的24小时尿结核分枝杆菌

目的：探讨聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）检测二甲苯集菌的２４小时尿结核分枝杆菌。方法：应用ＰＣＲ检测６６例疑似泌尿系结核患者二甲苯集菌的２４小时尿结核分枝杆菌,并与常规留取尿标本检测结果作比较得阳性２１例（３１．８％）,后者阳性１１例（１６．７％）,二者差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：ＰＣＲ检测尿结核分枝杆菌时,应多留取尿液送检,并经浓缩集菌后作ＰＣＲ,以提高检出阳性率。     

增免灵对活动性肺结核患者的疗效及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的　比较常规疗法伍用增免灵与单用常规疗法对活动性肺结核的疗效及外周血Ｔ 淋巴细胞亚群的影响。方法　抽取常规化疗组（６１ 例）、常规化疗加增免灵组（７２ 例） 及健康对照组（３５ 例） 患者外周血,用ＡＰＡＡＰ法测定外周血淋巴细胞亚群。结果　活动性肺结核患者外周血ＣＤ＋３ 及ＣＤ＋４ 百分率及ＣＤ＋４ ／ＣＤ＋８ 比值显著低于健康对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５） ,ＣＤ＋８ 高于健康对照组。结论　短程化疗伍用增免灵可显著改善活动性肺结核的疗效及细胞免疫状况。     

人型结核杆菌克隆DNA探针的制备及其应用的研究

用限制性内切酶ＰｓｔⅠ消化人型结核杆菌Ｈ３７ＲｖＤＮＡ,与质粒ｐＵＣ１９ ＤＮＡ连接后转化大肠杆菌,经同位素３２Ｐ标记的人型结核杆菌Ｈ３７Ｒｖ全染色体ＤＮＡ探针筛选出６个阳性克隆（ＭＴ１￣６）,其中克隆ＤＮＡ片段ＭＴ２（４．２Ｋｂ）、ＭＴ４（３．５Ｋｂ）和ＭＴ５（３．０Ｋｂ）标记成探针,检测了２２种分支杆菌标准株和１５侏人型结核杆菌临床分离侏以及２种非分支杆菌,其杂交结果完全相同,与人型结核杆菌及     

肺癌患者血清与支气管肺泡灌洗液四项放免肿瘤指标同步检测的结果分析

对３８例肺癌患者的血清和支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）同步进行ＣＥＡ、ＣＡ－５０、ＡＦＰ、ＳＦ的检测。结果显示：肺癌ＢＡＬＦ的ＣＥＡ浓度测值７３％明显高于血清中ＣＥＡ浓度;ＣＡ－５０浓度测值６８％高于血清;ＳＦ９２％明显低于血清中测值;而ＡＦＰ在肺癌患者无论血清及灌洗液中,阳性率均低于７％,但仍是ＢＡＬＦ的浓度测值敏感于血清。提示支气管肺泡灌洗液的ＣＥＡ、ＣＡ－５０与血清的同步检测是目前肺癌早期诊断的主要优选方法之一。     

Allergen tachyphylaxis of guinea pigs in vivo: A prostaglandin E mediated phenomenon?

Ovalbumin (OA) sensitized guinea pigs were repeatedly challenged with 1% OA in saline nebulized ultrasonically at the 0, 10, 20, 60 and 70th min. The intensity of bronchial obstruction was measured by body plethysmography. The first three challenges (0, 10, 20 min) caused strong asthmatic reactions in all animals, the last two (60, 70 min) only mild ones in 10 out of 15 animals. The development of this tachyphylaxis was markedly reduced by pretreatment of the animals with cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally resp. acetylsalicylic acid 10 mg/kg orally 2h before test). The effect of both inhibitors (i.e. inhibition of tachyphylaxis) was abolished by supplementing prostaglandin E₂ as aerosol simultaneously to the allergen (100–200 ng per inhalation). The results suggest that allergen tachyphylaxis we have observed in vivo might be due to synthesis of cyclooxygenase products, e.g. prostaglandin E.Supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant Do 240) in part presented at the 17th workshop on pediatric research [Göttingen 1981, Eur. J. Pediatr. 135: 336 (1981)]     

吸毒对肺结核患者病情的影响

目的　探讨吸毒对肺结核患者病情的影响。 方法　 对比吸毒和非吸毒肺结核患者治疗前后的临床症状、痰菌情况及胸片的改变。 结果　 治疗前吸毒者患肺结核的临床症状重 ,痰菌阳性率、空洞形成率和病变范围与对照组比较均明显升高 ;治疗后肺结核临床症状改善率、痰菌阴转率、胸片病灶吸收好转率及空洞缩小率则明显降低 ,两者比较差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。 结论　吸毒对肺结核病情有加重作用     

中西医结合治疗肺结核的临床研究

目的　研究中西医结合治疗肺结核 ,应用抗痨汤 (KLT)替代乙胺丁醇 (EB)对比性临床研究。方法　随机分组为治疗组 46例和观察组 30例 ,年龄 18～ 60岁 ,初治菌阳肺结核患者。治疗组为KLT +异烟肼 (INH) +利福平 (RFP) ;对照组为EB +INH +RFP。疗程 3个月。观察两组患者治疗前后中医证候群 (症状 )的变化 ,痰菌阴转率和胸片病变范围吸收情况。根据评分标准总结积分 ,并评定其疗效。结果　在改善中医证候群方面治疗组显效率 88.18% ,总有效率 10 0 % ;对照组显效率 73.33% ,总有效率 98.33% ,治疗后两组比较 ,治疗组显著下降 (P <0 .0 1) ;痰菌阴转情况治疗组第 2个月显效 ;对照组第 3个月显效。胸片病变吸收情况治疗组第 3个月显效 ;对照组第 3个月有效。结论　治疗组在缓解中医证候 ,抗杀结核菌 ,促进病变吸收均优于对照组。研究中西医结合治疗肺结核前途广阔     

Bronchial foreign body: should bronchoscopy be performed in all patients with a choking crisis?

The aspiration of a bronchial foreign body (FB) remains a common pediatric problem with serious and sometimes fatal sequelae. The diagnosis is often delayed or overlooked. With the aim of determining a reliable clinical and/or radiologic finding to indicate the requirement for bronchoscopy, 100 patients admitted to our hospital because of FB aspiration who underwent rigid bronchoscopy were retrospectively studied. The clinical and radiologic data were compared with the bronchoscopy findings, which revealed that the history of a choking crisis was the clinical parameter that showed the highest sensitivity (97%) with high specificity (63%), and that other symptoms and radiology, even those with high sensitivity (88% and 85%, respectively), had low specificity (9%). We conclude that bronchoscopy should be performed in all patients with a history of a choking crisis even if they have normal radiologic findings and few symptoms.     

Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve and Bronchial Compression: Treatment with Endobronchial Stents

Absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS) is a rare congenital cardiac lesion. The lesion includes ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and absence of the pulmonary valve, with resultant pulmonary incompetence. It has been suggested that the pulmonary incompetence induces intrauterine dilatation of the pulmonary artery, which leads to tracheobronchial compression. One of the presenting features in infants with APVS is severe airway obstruction, which may be difficult to manage. We report an infant who benefited from bilateral endobronchial endoscopic stent placement.