Respiratory obstruction following vocal cord injection

Two patients who each had a paralysed left vocal cord are discussed. Both had poor coughing ability preoperatively. The affected cords had been injected with tetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) paste 3 days before operation and this had given immediate improvement in coughing and speech. During induction of anaesthesia, respiratory obstruction occurred that was related to the injected cord. This cause of obstruction has not been reported previously. The potential benefits of cord injection for voice, cough and laryngeal competence are reviewed.     

胆汁胆固醇对胆囊收缩素受体表达的影响

目的：探讨胆汁胆固醇对胆囊收缩素受体（CCK－R）表达的影响。方法 采用放射免疫分析法和受体放射配基结合法检测对照组、高胆固醇组、自然恢复组及治疗组豚鼠门静脉血CCK水平、胆囊CCK－R的最大结合容量（Bmax）和亲和力（Kd），同时观察空腹胆囊体积（FV）、胆囊胆汁量（FB）和餐后胆囊体积（RV）、胆囊胆汁量（RB）及胆囊收缩率（E％）、胆汁胆固醇浓度的变化。结果 与对照组比较，高胆固醇组豚鼠FV、FB增大（P＜0.05），RV、RB也增大，胆囊收缩率下降（P＜0.01），胆汁胆固醇浓度升高（P＜0.05），门静脉血CCK水平及CCK－R的Kd无改变，而CCK－R的Bmax下降（P＜0.01）；治疗组上述各项指标正常。结论 胆汁中的高胆固醇通过下调胆囊CCK－R表达而导致胆囊收缩功能障碍，降低胆汁高胆固醇浓度可以促进胆囊动力功能的恢复。     

急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎(附121例分析)

本文对121例急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎(AOSC)进行了临床分析讨论了诊断及治疗。结果表明,早期诊断,尽快手术治疗,积极防治并发症,是提高疗效降低死亡的关键。肝肾功能衰竭和中毒性休克是本病的主要死因,占死亡总人数的83％,60岁以上的老人不是手术的禁忌症。     

PHA胸导管来源诱生的LAK细胞的作用

利用胸导管引流治疗哮喘病的机会,研究了PHA在rIL-2诱导胸导管淋巴细胞成为LAK细胞中的作用。结果表明:PHA和rIL-2共同诱导TDL2周,细胞数量扩增约34倍。同时明显促进了DL的~3H-TdR和~3H-Leucine的参入,较对照组有明显差异(P<0.01)。其中rIL-2 100～1000U/ml和PHA组作用最佳,但PHA和rIL-2的协同作用持续时间短,第6d即开始下降,而且PHA参与诱导的TDL-LAK细胞的杀伤活性有所下降。     

内镜鼻胆管引流术在腹腔镜和开腹胆总管探查术中的应用

目的　评价内镜鼻胆管引流术 (Endoscopicnasobiliarydrainage ,ENBD)配合腹腔镜和常规开腹手术治疗胆总管结石的疗效。　方法　回顾分析 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 1年 7月应用ENBD配合完成腹腔镜胆总管探查、I期缝合术 4 4例及开腹胆总管探查、I期缝合术 34例。　结果　 78例均手术成功 ,术后无胆漏、胆道出血、胆管炎等并发症。术中结石取净率 10 0 % (78 78)。术后住院时间 :腹腔镜组为 (6 2±1 3)d ,开腹组为 (7 4± 2 1)d。随访 5 7例 ,时间 (1～ 4 5 )年 ,平均 2 6年 ,腹部彩色B超检查无胆管狭窄及结石复发。　结论　ENBD配合腹腔镜和开腹胆总管探查取石、胆总管I期缝合术安全、可靠。     

Surgical Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma With Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombus

Background. The optimal management of patients with renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus remains unresolved. Traditional approaches have included resection with or without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. Chemotherapy has played a minor role except for biotherapeutic agents used for metastatic disease.

Methods. From January 1989 to January 1996, 37 patients with renal cell carcinoma and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus underwent surgical resection. The 27 men and 10 women had a median age of 57 years (range, 29 to 78 years). Thirty-six patients presented with symptoms; 21 had hematuria. Distant metastases were present in 12 patients. Tumor thrombi extended to the infrahepatic inferior vena cava (n = 16), the intrahepatic inferior vena cava (n = 16), the suprahepatic inferior vena cava (n = 3), and into the right atrium (n = 2). All tumors were resected by inferior vena cava isolation and, when necessary, extended hepatic mobilization and Pringle maneuver, with primary or patch closure of the vena cavotomy. Cardiopulmonary bypass was necessary in only 2 patients with intraatrial thrombus.

Results. Complications occurred in 11 patients, and 1 patient died 2 days postoperatively of a myocardial infarction (mortality, 2.7%). Twenty patients are alive; overall 2- and 5-year survival rates were 61.7% and 33.6%, respectively. For patients without lymph node or distant metastases (stage IIIa), 2- and 5-year survival rates were 74% and 45%, respectively. The presence of distant metastatic disease (stage IV) at the time of operation did not have a significant adverse effect on survival, as reflected by 2- and 5-year survival rates of 62.5% and 31.3%, respectively. Lymph node metastases (stage IIIc) adversely affected survival as there were no long-term survivors.

Conclusions. Resection of an intracaval tumor thrombus arising from renal cell carcinoma can be performed safely and can result in prolonged survival even in the presence of metastatic disease. In our experience, extracorporeal circulatory support was required only when the tumor thrombus extended into the heart.     

前列腺增生伴逼尿肌无力患者的电切术治疗

目的 :探讨良性前列腺增生 (BPH)伴有逼尿肌无力 (ACD)患者的治疗方法和效果。方法 :对尿动力学检查确认有ACD的 12例BPH并发膀胱出口梗阻 (BOO)的患者 (A组 )进行经尿道前列腺电切术 (TURP)或加膀胱颈内切开术 (TUIBN) ,同时与逼尿肌功能正常或高于正常的行TURP的BPH患者 2 4例 (B组 )进行对照分析。结果 :A组术后 7～ 30d复查 ,国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)为 12 .5 8± 0 .70分 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,最大尿流率 (Qmax)为11.0 5± 0 .85ml/s (P <0 .0 5 ) ,均比术前有改善 ,但术后效果不如B组明显 (P <0 .0 0 1)。术后 3、6个月复查IPSS及Qmax,两组略有改变 ,但差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,剩余尿测定也均在正常范围。术后 3个月对ACD的 5例复查逼尿肌收缩力 ,无明显改善。结论 :对ACD并伴有BOO的BPH患者可以采取电切术治疗     

Treatment of resistant distal intestinal obstruction syndrome with a modified antegrade continence enema procedure

We report a case of a patient with CF who had a long history of recurrent distal intestinal obstruction syndrome. She had been treated with conventional treatment including gastrografin, n-acetyl cysteine, Klean prep and Picolax. She underwent a modified antegrade continence enema procedure. She currently irrigates her conduit every 2-3 days. She has had no further symptoms of distal intestinal obstruction syndrome.     

十二指肠乳头括约肌切开胆总管取石术前静注咪唑安定对麻醉及手术效果的影响

目的　探讨在十二指肠乳头括约肌切开 (EST)胆总管取石术前静注咪唑安定的可行性及价值。方法　将 71例拟行 EST胆总管取石患者随机分为咪唑安定组 (试验组 ) 5 1例和对照组 (2 0例 ) ,两组术前均给予 6 5 4 -2 (10 mg)静脉注射 ,试验组同时静脉注射咪唑安定 (3～ 5 mg)。观察两组患者的进镜时间、麻醉程度 ,患者的反应与配合程度、自身感受程度 ,同时监测患者的血压、心率、血氧饱和度。结果　试验组进镜时间缩短、镇静程度适中、患者自身感受好 ,与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1) ;患者心血管及呼吸参数无明显变化。结论　EST胆总管取石术前静脉注射咪唑安定可提高麻醉效果 ,有利于提高患者配合的依从性 ,对血压、心率、血氧饱和度无明显影响     

内镜下乳头气囊扩张术治疗胆囊切除术后胆总管结石

目的　探讨经内镜乳头气囊扩张术 (EPBD)治疗胆囊切除术后胆总管结石的安全性和疗效。方法　对胆囊切除术后出现黄疸或胆管炎的 31例患者 ,利用EPBD结合取石篮、取石球囊或总攻方法 ,使梗阻于胆总管下段的结石排入肠道。结果　 31例患者全部顺利实施EPBD ,共排除结石37颗 ,4例行 2次扩张术 ,术后患者均痊愈出院 ,复查B超无结石残存或胆管扩张。结论　经内镜治疗胆囊切除术后胆总管结石 ,安全、无创、有效 ,有望成为治疗LC术后胆总管结石的首选方法