适量饮酒对健康成年男性血浆TXB2,6-Keto-PGF2a及血小板聚集功能的影响

①目的　观察适量饮酒对健康成年男性的血小板聚集功能及血浆血栓素B2 (TXB2 ) ,6 酮 前列腺素F2a(6 Keto PGF2a)的影响。②方法　将 80例健康成年男性随机分成 4组 ,分别空腹饮用矿泉水、啤酒、干红葡萄酒各 2 0 0mL ,白酒 50mL加矿泉水至 2 0 0mL .于饮前及饮后 2h分别测定血小板的聚集率及解聚率 ,并采血测定血浆TXB2 ,6 Keto PGF2a.③结果　矿泉水组饮后上述指标无变化 (t=0 .0 3～ 0 .84,P >0 .0 5) ;白酒、啤酒、红葡萄酒组饮后血小板聚集率减低 (t=8.1 2～ 2 4 .39,P <0 .0 1 ) ,解聚率升高 (t=2 8.48～ 35 .2 2 ,P <0 .0 1 ) ,血浆TXB2 降低 (t=2 5 .69～ 89.83 ,P <0 .0 1 ) ,而血浆 6 Keto PGF2a升高 (t=2 1 .0 6～ 2 3 .2 9,P <0 .0 1 )。④结论　健康成年男性适量饮酒可减低其血小板聚集功能 ,降低其血浆TXB2 ,提高其血浆 6 Keto PGF2a水平     

乙醇毒染大鼠睾丸总抗氧化能力、一氧化氮和一氧化氮合酶的变化与生殖细胞凋亡的关系

目的:探讨饮酒大鼠睾丸总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、一氧化氮(NO)含量和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的变化与生殖细胞凋亡的关系。方法:20只成年健康SD雄性大鼠随机均分为对照组和实验组,实验组和对照组分别用50%的乙醇溶液和蒸馏水按10 m l/kg每晚灌胃1次连续26 d(两个生精周期)后,用硝酸还原酶法测定睾丸组织中NO含量;用化学比色法测定其T-AOC和NOS活性;原位缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法检测生殖细胞凋亡指数(AI)的变化。结果:与对照组相比,实验组生殖细胞AI增加(P<0.01);睾丸组织T-AOC极显著下降(P<0.01),而NO含量明显上升(P<0.01)、NOS活性显著增强(P<0.01)。结论:大量饮酒能诱导生殖细胞凋亡增加,NOS活性增强导致NO的过量产生及T-AOC的显著下降是其重要原因。     

The effects of age,sex, and genotype on self-report drunkenness following a challenge dose of alcohol

Age is a potential source of variation that contributes to differences between, but not within, twin pairs. In most genetic analyses of twin data, linear and other functions of age are usually removed prior to model fitting. This correction is typically applied only within twin groups of the same sex and zygosity, and no heterogeneity test of age regressions is performed. Here we include age as a variable in the model-fitting procedure and allow for tests of heterogeneity of age regressions across sex and zygosity groups. The LISREL formulation of the approach is illustrated with data collected from Australian twins on subjective impressions of drunkenness following alcohol consumption. The results indicate significant negative covariation of impressions of drunkenness with age. The data support a simple model of additive genetic and unique environmental variation. No evidence was found for sex differences in genetic or environmental components of variation.The theoretical work and data analysis described in this paper were made possible by NATO Grant 86/0823 and grants from the Belgian National Research Fund, the State University of Gent, and the Catholic University of Leuven. We are also grateful to Drs. R. Vlietinck and R. Derom for excellent organization of the successful workshop. Data collection was made possible by a grant from the Australian Associated Brewers to N.G.M. and Drs. J. G. Oakeshott, J. B. Gibson, and G. A. Starmer and by grants from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council. The authors were supported by NIH Grants MH-40828 and AA-06781.     

羧乙基锗倍半氧化物(Ge-132)在大鼠乙醇中毒过程中的抗氧化作用

目的 探讨羧乙基锗倍半氧化物（Ge-132)在乙醇致体内脂质过氧化过程的抑制作用及机理。方法 用10mg/kg体重的乙醇给大鼠灌胃，同时自由饮用100mg/L的锗－132，饲养3个月。结果 乙醇＋Ge-132组大鼠组织和血清与单给乙醇组比较DMA含量显著降低（P＜0．05），SOD、CAT活力均升高（P＜0．05），但与对照组比较均无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论 Ge-132通过清除OH^.和O2^.-自由基，抑制SOD、CAT活力降低，从而抑制过量乙醇对机体的损伤。     

Ethylene vinylacetate copolymer particles dissolved in polyvinyl alcohol (2,000-mer) solution as an embolic material for vascular anomalies

We have prepared a new material for embolisation: ethylene vinylacetate copolymer dissolved in polyvinyl alcohol. When in contact with blood, polyvinyl alcohol rapidly becomes a soft gel, which is accompanied by wedging of the ethylene vinylacetate copolymer. We analysed the histopathology of intra-arterial microemboli in rats, after intracarotid injection of this material. We confirmed that it was applicable to embolisation for neurosurgical treatment.     

Simple reaction time event-related potentials: Effects of alcohol and diazepam

1. 1. Acute effects of alcohol and diazepam on reaction time (RT) and event-related potential (ERP) measures were examined in 108 healthy male volunteers.

2. 2. The subjects engaged in a simple RT task at two levels of stimulus intensity during baseline and treatment sessions.

3. 3. Lower stimulus intensity produced increased RTs, increased ERP peak latencies, and suppression of peak amplitudes.

4. 4. Moderate and high doses of alcohol, and high doses of diazepam produced increased RTs. Alcohol suppressed P100 and N100 amplitudes, while diazepam suppressed P100 amplitudes only. P100 amplitudes were correlated to RTs under baseline and treatment conditions.

5. 5. These results were taken as evidence for impaired stimulus detection during alcohol and diazepam intoxication, with both drugs influencing sensory-perceptual processes and alcohol alone influencing the degree of attentiveness.

Early separation and suicidal behaviour in the parental homes of 40 consecutive suicide attempters

Forty suicide-attempt patients who were consecutively admitted to an intensive-care unit, their significant others and treatment personnel were investigated by semistructured interviews. The patients were divided into neurosis (n = 14), abuse (n = 19) and psychosis (n = 7) groups. Twenty-one of the patients (52%) had lost contact with one or both parents before the age of 18, in 25% of cases owing to death and in 27% because of the parents' divorce or separation. Parents and/or siblings of 19 patients (47%) had shown suicidal behaviour in the form of attempted suicide and/or suicide. Differences between the groups were not significant. Alcohol abuse in the parental home was overrepresented in the abuse group compared with the other groups. The role of identification with the dead and suicidal parent in prompting suicidal actions in adulthood is discussed, as well as that of the impeded evolution of stable external object relations owing to parental losses.     

Locus of control, life events and treatment outcome in alcohol dependent patients

We investigated the relationship of locus of control and life events to outcome of treatment at 6 months in 67 patients with alcohol dependence. Outcome was less favourable in patients with pre-treatment scores indicating external locus of control than in those with internal locus of control. Furthermore, patients with relapse in the follow-up period experienced more independent life events with moderate to severe objective negative impact than those with more favourable outcome. These results suggest that locus of control may be of clinical use in formulating treatment and prognosis, and that the occurrence of life events may influence outcome. The results are discussed in relation to strategies for treatment and prevention of relapse.     

磁处理酒对大鼠糖脂蛋白质代谢的影响

12只大白鼠空腹灌注大剂量磁处理酒(实验组1、2); 另外18只大白鼠同等条件下灌注非磁处理酒(对照组1、2)及自来水(空白组),对比研究表明,血清胆固醇及清蛋白含量变化无显著差异(P>0.05),而血清葡萄糖含量实验组低于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05),提示,大剂量非磁处理酒可使血糖升高,而磁处理酒对血糖含量无显著影响.     

硝普钠透皮递药系统控释膜的制备

为了寻找能够控制硝普钠释放的控释膜,研究了数种高分子膜的通透性,其中以经过热处理的聚乙烯醇(PVA)膜控制硝普钠释放性能较好。进一步研究了热处理条件对PVA膜通透性的影响,发现只要热处理的温度和时间恰当,就可以获得具有一定通透性的PVA膜。