Attentional functioning in children with ADHD – predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type and children with ADHD – combined type

Summary. Although particular importance has been attributed to attention deficits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there is no consensus as to the exact nature of inattention in ADHD or which components of attention are affected. The present study was based on a neuropsychological model of attention and assessed various components of attention in 23 children with ADHD/predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type (ADHD-H), 32 children with ADHD/combined type (ADHD-C) and healthy children (N₁ = 23 and N₂ = 32). A computerized test battery consisting of reaction time tasks of low complexity was used for the assessment of attention (alertness task, vigilance task, divided attention task, visual scanning task, incompatibility task, test of crossmodal integration, flexibility task). In comparison to healthy participants, patient groups were impaired in measures of vigilance, divided attention, selective attention and flexibility but not in measures of alertness. Analysis of the test performance of patient groups revealed no differences between children with ADHD-H and children with ADHD-C. The results of the present study suggest that both children with ADHD-H and children with ADHD-C are seriously impaired in attentional functioning. Children with ADHD-H and children with ADHD-C produced comparable results in measures of attention.     

Do synaesthetic colours act as unique features in visual search?

For individuals with grapheme-colour synaesthesia, letters, numbers and words elicit vivid and highly consistent colour experiences. A critical question in determining the mechanisms underlying the phenomenon is whether synaesthetic colours arise early in visual processing, prior to the allocation of focused attention, or at some later stage following explicit recognition of the inducing form. If the synaesthetic colour elicited by an achromatic target emerges early in visual processing, then the target should be relatively easy to find in an array of achromatic distractor items, provided the target and distractors elicit different synaesthetic colours. Here we present data from 14 grapheme-colour synaesthetes and 14 matched non-synaesthetic controls, each of whom performed a visual search task in which a target digit was distinguished from surrounding distractors either by its unique synaesthetic colour or by its unique display colour. Participants searched displays of 8, 16 or 24 items for a specific target. In the chromatic condition, target and distractor digits were presented in different colours (e.g., a yellow '2' amongst blue '5's). In the achromatic condition, all digits in the display were black, but targets elicited a different synaesthetic colour from that induced by the distractors. Both synaesthetes and controls showed the expected efficient (pop-out) search slopes when the target was defined by a unique display colour. In contrast, search slopes for both groups were equally inefficient when the target and distractors were achromatic, despite eliciting distinct colours for the synaesthetes under normal viewing conditions. These results indicate that, at least for the majority of individuals, synaesthetic colours do not arise early enough in visual processing to guide or attract focal attention. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that graphemic inducers must be selectively attended to elicit their synaesthetic colours.     

Social phobia and premature ejaculation: a case-control study

In a previous case-control study, we found marked differences between a group of patients with male sexual disorders and a control group without any sexual disorder regarding the percentage of social phobia (SP) in each group. On this basis, our aim in this study was to test the hypothesis that premature ejaculation (PE) as a specific sexual disorder and SP might be strongly related, by comparing subjects with PE to a control group without any sexual disorder regarding the diagnosis of SP. Subjects with PE were recruited at private practice sexology settings in France. Control subjects were recruited among inpatients in a surgical ward. Diagnosis of SP was made with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Diagnosis of PE was clinician-rated according to DSM-IV criteria. Eighty-five subjects with PE only were compared to 93 control subjects without any sexual disorder. Forty (47%) subjects with PE versus 8 (9%) controls were diagnosed with SP (chi(2)=3.35, df=1, P=.001). Logistical analysis showed that SP and PE were strongly associated (odds ratio=10.97, 95% CI=4.49-26.06; chi(2)=28.28, df=1, P=.0001). This study is the first to show a clear relationship between SP and PE. Although requiring confirmation by further studies, this finding has immediate clinical consequences given that SP and PE can be treated by the same medication, a selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Moreover, since SP is a likely risk factor for PE, this might argue for preventive action on both disorders in children.     

特发性肾出血36例诊治分析

目的：探讨特发性肾出血的诊断与治疗,提高其诊治水平。方法：回顾性分析2000年1月～2010年8月我科收治的特发性肾出血36例。结果：36例患者中肾动静脉瘘28例,微小肾盂及。肾盏癌4例,肾动脉瘤3例,肾假性动脉瘤1例。其中29例行选择性肾动脉栓塞术,2例行肾切除术,4例行肾盂癌根治术,所有治疗后患者血尿均消失;1例因肾动静脉瘘多处,未进行治疗。结论：外科常见的特发性肾出血病例以肾血管疾病最为常见,选择性肾动脉造影及肾动脉栓塞术对特发性肾出血的诊治有重要意义。对于难以确诊的特发性肾出血患者,要考虑到微小肾盂肾盏癌的可能,输尿管软镜检查对其诊断有一定帮助。     

甙中寡糖链结构测定的核磁共振研究

目的：直接测定甙类药物中寡糖链的结构。方法：新建立的一维ＳＥＭＤＹ,旋转坐标系ＮＯＥ差谱和选择性远程ＤＥＰＴ核磁共振技术相互配合。结果和结论：采用一维ＳＥＭＤＹ技术可以从高度重叠的＾１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ谱中得到糖体的吸收形亚谱,为利用ＮＯＥ与核间距关系确定糖体之间和糖体与甙元之间的连接方式创造了条件。采用旋转坐标系ＮＯＥ差谱技术测定不受分子相关时间的影响,并且可以从高度重叠的＾１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ谱中定量测定ＮＯ     

罗库溴铵以限时法和预注法行快速气管插管的比较

目的 比较罗库溴铵以限时法和预注法行快速气管插管的条件、肌松效应及对循环系统的影响。方法 限时（Ⅰ、Ⅱ）组诱导前30秒静注0.6mg/kg罗库溴铵,诱导后45秒（I）、60秒（Ⅱ）行气管内插管,预注（Ⅲ）组诱导前2分钟预注0.06mg/kg罗库溴铵（诱导量0.54mg/kg）,诱导后60秒行气管内插管。记录拇内收肌诱发颤搐反应的抑制和恢复过程,评价各组插管效果。结果气管内插管条件各组间无明显差异;气管内插管时T1抑制百分比Ⅲ组明显小于其他各组;各且对循环系统的都很小。结论 罗库溴铵以限时法行快速气管插管较预注法为佳。     

The influence of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane on rocuronium infusion in children

BACKGROUND: Rocuronium is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with intermediate duration of action and without significant cumulative properties, suitable for continuous infusion. This study was designed to determine the infusion requirements in children under nitrous oxide and fentanyl, halothane, isoflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia. METHODS: Forty children, 3-11 years old, ASA physical status group I or II were studied. They were randomly allocated to receive fentanyl-nitrous oxide, 1 MAC halothane-nitrous oxide, 1 MAC isoflurane-nitrous oxide or 1 MAC sevoflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Rocuronium, 0.6 mg(-1) was used to facilitate endotracheal intubation. Electromyographic response of adductor pollicis to train-of-four (TOF) stimulation, 2 Hz for 2 s, applied to the ulnar nerve at 10-s intervals was recorded using Relaxograph (Datex, Helsinki, Finland). Once the first twitch response (T1) returned to 5%, muscle relaxation was maintained by continuous infusion of rocuronium, adjusted automatically in a closed-loop system to maintain a stable 90-99% T1 depression. The block was considered stable if it changed by no more than 2% over a 10-min observation period. RESULTS: Halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane groups had ower infusion requirements than the fentanyl-nitrous oxide group (P<0.00075). Rocuronium requirement (mean +/- SD) at one hour from the commencement of anaesthesia was 16.7+/-2.3, 13.6+/-3.7, 13.1+/-5.1 and 8.4+/-1.6 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) for children receiving fentanyl-nitrous oxide, halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane anaesthesia, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The rocuronium infusion rate required to maintain stable 90-99% T1 depression was reduced by approximately 20% with halothane and isoflurane anaesthesia, and by 50% with evoflurane anaesthesia when compared to fentanyl-nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Significant patient-to-patient variability of infusion rate makes monitoring of neuromuscular transmission necessary.     

Prevention of third molar development in dog with long pulse diode laser: a preliminary report

INTRODUCTION: Wisdom teeth continue to plague man with a high rate of frequency. It may be possible to prevent their development in children at an early age with a non- or minimally invasive technique, even before the tooth begins to form, by treating the soft tissue overlying the site of their development. A previous study that treated the intra-oral soft tissues of newborn rats with a 20 watt diode laser stopped third molar development up to 80% of the time with minimum observable side effects. This brief report describes a similar use of the diode laser in a limited number of young beagle pups. It is the first reported attempt at preventing third molar development in an animal model close in size to man. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four 6-7 week old beagle pups were treated on one side of their mandibles with either a 20 or a 100 watt, 800 nm diode laser at a time third molar tooth buds are just beginning to form under the oral mucosa. Six months following treatment, the pups were examined intra-orally and radiographically for evidence of third molar formation. RESULTS: The two intra-oral sites that received the 20 watt diode laser treatment showed normal third molar development. The two intra-oral sites that received the 100 watt diode laser treatment did not develop third molars. CONCLUSIONS: The diode laser may be capable of selectively stopping third molar development and further studies are warranted.     

经皮肾镜取石术后严重出血行选择性肾动脉栓塞11例临床分析

目的:总结选择性肾动脉栓塞术(SRAE)治疗经皮肾镜取石术(PCNL)术后严重出血的临床经验。方法:回顾性分析我院于2007年2月~2014年2月行PCNL发生术后严重出血的11例患者的临床资料和对其行SRAE的血管造影表现和疗效。结果:PCNL术后严重出血需行SRAE治疗的患者止血效果均满意,手术成功率100%;SRAE后1~3d患者肉眼血尿完全消失,血红蛋白指标上升,全身症状改善。1例SRAE后第3天出现发热、患侧腰痛症状,予对症治疗后不适消退。本组患者SRAE治疗后5d出院,随访1~6个月,术后恢复良好。结论:PCNL术后严重出血与术中动脉损伤有关,在临床操作中具有不可预见性,应严格规范PCNL的操作以减少术后严重出血的发生。术后出血严重者早期行SRAE能够达到迅速止血、尽可能保全患肾功能、有效挽救生命的诊疗效果。     

TUEB剜除电极下经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术的安全性及有效性研究

目的:研究TUEB剜除电极下经尿道等离子前列腺剜除术(TUEP)的安全性及有效性。方法:收集2011年5月~2011年9月我院因中、重度下尿路症状诊断为前列腺增生(BPH)具备手术指征,行TUEB剜除电极下的TUEP术的56例患者的临床资料。监测术前经腹超声前列腺重量,血清前列腺特异抗原(PSA);术中出血量,前列腺切除率,术后血红蛋白,血钠浓度,血葡萄糖浓度;术前、术后1个月及3个月的国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS),生活质量评分(QOL),最大尿流率(Qmax),剩余尿量(RUV)(经腹超声)及术后并发症发生率等指标。结果:43例患者完成3个月随访,前列腺切除率(64.18±7.54)%,单位时间切除量(0.89±0.36)g,患者无电切综合征及包膜穿孔,血糖、血钠浓度手术前后差异无统计学意义。术后1个月IPSS评分、QOL评分、Qmax及RUV较术前显著好转。术后1个月及术后3个月上述指标差异无统计学意义。术后短暂性尿失禁发生率7.14%,恢复时间(4.50±1.29)d,无永久性尿失禁,术后1个月尿道狭窄发生率16.07%,尿道扩张后均缓解。结论:TUEB剜除电极下TUEP术是安全有效的手术方法。