Changing Guidelines of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Basic Life Support for General Dental Practitioners and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

Introduction

Every general dental practitioner and oral and maxillofacial surgeon needs a thorough knowledge of the diagnosis and management of medical emergencies. Cardiopulmonary arrest is the most urgent of emergencies and diagnosis must be done as soon as possible.

Purpose

This paper discusses the importance of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation which forms the guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), highlighting the important changes in the guidelines of CPR from the year 2000 to 2010, the basic sequence of performing CPR and also the role of defibrillation and the use of automated external defibrillators. Finally the five part chain of survival which is of utmost importance to dental health care professionals and oral and maxillofacial surgeons.

Conclusion

All dental health care personnel and oral & maxillofacial surgeons should recognize the importance of the changes in the guidelines of CPR, be trained and allowed to use a properly maintained defibrillator, to respond to cardiac arrest victims.     

Suicide among the elderly and associated factors in South Korea

With the population of the elderly increasing, suicides among elderly people present a serious problem for global societies. However, there are few studies on suicide among elderly subjects, especially in Asia. The study aimed to determine the relationship between physical health, mental health, social environmental condition, and the suicide behavior among elderly subjects in the city of Suwon, located southeast of Seoul. We analyzed 1548 Korean aged over 60 years from baseline data of a larger prospective study called the Suwon Project. The study protocol included sociodemographic variables, mental health factors, and physical health factors. In the interview, the subjects were asked about suicide ideation and history of suicide attempt. Of the total subjects, 7.42% reported suicide ideation and 1.42% reported a history of suicide attempt. A logistic regression analysis showed that physical illness, five stroke warning signs, anxiety and depression associated with suicide ideation, and depression strongly corresponded to the suicide ideation. Anxiety, depression, and stroke warning signs were associated with history of suicide attempt among the elderly. Additionally, stroke warning signs and depression are independently associated with history of suicide attempt. This study revealed that stroke warning signs have a high correlation with history of suicide attempt in the elderly, independent from the depression factors. This study suggests that there is an independent relationship between physical health status and suicide behavior in the case of elders.     

雌激素与机械张应力对碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的影响

目的研究雌激素与机械张应力共同作用对人牙周膜成纤维细胞(human periodontal ligament fibroblast,HPDLF)增殖分化相关因子碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)mRNA表达水平的影响。方法体外培养HPDLF,分为两组。实验组使用10-7mol/L雌激素干预后,使用4点弯曲加力装置对HP-DLF进行张应力加载;对照组不使用雌激素干预,只进行机械张应力加载。采用实时多聚酶链反应、琼脂糖凝胶电泳和紫外线分析检测HPDLF加力时3、6、12 h时bFGF基因的表达。结果加力0、3、6、12 h时,对照组bF-GFmRNA表达量光密度值分别为1.000,3.245±0.261,4.498±0.431,7.969±0.597,实验组bFGFmRNA表达量光密度值分别为16.736±1.003,22.542±1.768,27.923±1.914,31.556±2.142。雌激素干预与张应力加载共同作用与单纯受到机械张应力作用相比,bFGF的mRNA表达量明显上调(P<0.05)。结论雌激素对机械张应力状态下的牙周膜成纤维细胞增殖分化相关因子bFGF有较强调控作用,表现为bFGF的mRNA表达量显著上升。     

Imaging signs in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: Are these signs seen in secondary intracranial hypertension too?

Background:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in the occurrence of the various “traditional” imaging signs of intracranial hypertension (IIH) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with idiopathic (IIH) and secondary intracranial hypertension.

Materials and Methods:

In a retrospective analysis, the MRI findings of 21 patients with IIH and 60 patients with secondary intracranial hypertension (41 with tumors; 19 with intracranial venous hypertension) were evaluated for the presence or absence of various “traditional” imaging signs of IIH (perioptic nerve sheath distention, vertical buckling of optic nerve, globe flattening, optic nerve head protrusion and empty sella) using the Fisher’s exact test. Odds ratios were also calculated. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17.0 was used for statistical analysis. Subgroup analysis of the IIH versus tumors and IIH versus venous hypertension were performed.

Results:

Optic nerve head protrusion and globe flattening were significantly associated with IIH. There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of rest of the findings. On subgroup analysis, globe flattening and optic nerve head protrusion occurred significantly more often in IIH than in tumors. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of any of these findings in patients with IIH and venous hypertension.

Conclusions:

IIH is a diagnosis of exclusion. While secondary causes of raised intracranial pressure (ICP) have obvious clinical findings on MRI, some conditions like cerebral venous thrombosis may have subtle signs and differentiating between primary and secondary causes may be difficult. In the absence of any evident cause of raised ICP, presence of optic nerve head protrusion or globe flattening can suggest the diagnosis of IIH.     

双歧杆菌三联活菌散联合醒脾养儿颗粒治疗婴幼儿肺炎继发性腹泻的疗效观察

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌散联合醒脾养儿颗粒治疗婴幼儿肺炎继发性腹泻的临床疗效。方法选取淮安市淮安医院2015年1月—2017年1月收治的婴幼儿肺炎继发性腹泻患儿108例,随机分成对照组(54例)与治疗组(54例)。对照组患儿口服醒脾养儿颗粒,0~1岁1 g/次,2次/d;1~2岁2 g/次,2次/d;2~3岁4 g/次,2次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上口服双歧杆菌三联活菌散,0~1岁0.5 g/次,3次/d;1~3岁1 g/次,3次/d。两组患儿均连续治疗7 d。评价两组患儿临床疗效,同时比较治疗前后两组患儿症状体征消失时间和大便次数。结果治疗后,对照组患儿总有效率为75.93%,显著低于治疗组的90.74%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组循环不良、呕吐和腹泻消失时间比对照组显著缩短,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。在第3、5、7天治疗组大便次数显著少于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌散联合醒脾养儿颗粒治疗婴幼儿肺炎继发性腹泻可有效缓解临床症状体征、提高临床疗效,且安全性高,具有一定的临床推广应用价值。