加替沙星与氧氟沙星治疗感染性疾病临床对比

目的:评价国产加替沙星片治疗急性细菌感染性疾病的有效性和安全性.方法:50例急性细菌感染性疾病患者随机分为治疗组25例,口服加替沙星片200 mg,bid,对照组25例,口服氧氟沙星片200 mg,bid.疗程均7～14 d.结果:治疗组与对照组痊愈率分别为84.0%与80.0%,有效率96.0%与88.0%,细菌清除率100.0%(20/20)与90.5%(19/21),不良反应发生率20.0%与24.0%,两组各项指标比较均差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:加替沙星抗菌谱广,抗菌活性强,能安全有效地用于急性细菌感染性疾病的治疗.     

5种喹诺酮类抗菌剂治疗老年性肺炎的疗效评价

目的 评价左氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、氟罗沙星、氧氟沙星和洛美沙星对肺炎的临床疗效。方法 采用随机对照法，每种药物治疗130例老年肺炎患者，对痰培养细菌行药敏试验，疗效及不良反应进行比较。结果 药物敏感性优良次序为左氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、氟罗沙星、氧氟沙星、洛美沙星；临床治愈率分别为58．46％、56．92％、55．38％、52．31％、47．69％，有效率分别为87．69％、83．08％、81．54％、80．00％、72．37％；不良反应率为6．15％、10．77％、16．92％、7．69％、13。85％。结论 左氧氟沙星疗效高，不良反应少，是喹诺酮类治疗老年性肺炎的首选药物。     

Role of Clostridium perfringens phospholipase C in the pathogenesis of gas gangrene.

Gas gangrene is an acute and devastating infection most frequently caused by Clostridium perfringens and characterized by severe myonecrosis, intravascular leukocyte accumulation, and significant thrombosis. Several lines of evidence indicate that C. perfringens phospholipase C (Cp-PLC), also called alpha-toxin, is the major virulence factor in this disease. This toxin is a Zn²⁺ metalloenzyme with lecithinase and sphingomyelinase activities. Its three dimensional structure shows two domains, an N-terminal domain which contains the active site, and a C-terminal domain required for the Ca²⁺dependent interaction with membranes. Cp-PLC displays several biological activities: it increases capillary permeability, induces platelet aggregation, hemolysis, myonecrosis, decreases cardiac contractility, and is lethal. Experiments with genetically engineered Cp-PLC variants have revealed that the sphingomyelinase activity and the C-terminal domain are required for toxicity. The myotoxicity of Cp-PLC is largely dependent on its membrane damaging effect. In addition, it has been suggested that the alterations in the blood flow induced by this toxin also contribute to muscle damage. In gas gangrene, Cp-PLC dysregulates transduction pathways in endothelial cells, platelets and neutrophils leading to the uncontrolled production of several intercellular mediators and adhesion molecules. Thus, Cp-PLC alters the traffic of neutrophils to the infected tissue and promotes thrombotic events, enhancing the conditions for anaerobic growth.     

Use of the microorganism Bacillus stearothermophilus as a model to evaluate toxicity of the lipophilic environmental pollutant endosulfan.

Microorganisms are very powerful tools for the supply of information about the toxic effects of lipophilic compounds, since an impairment of cell growth usually occurs as a result of perturbations related, in most cases, with the partition of toxicants in membranes. The thermophilic eubacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus has been used as a model system to identify - and β-endosulfan interactions with the membrane possibly related with the insecticide toxicity. Two approaches have been pursued: (a) bacterial growth is followed and the effects of endosulfan isomers determined; (b) biophysical studies with the fluorescent fluidity probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) were performed to assess the effects of - and β-endosulfan on the organization of the membrane lipid bilayer. The effects on growth were quantitatively evaluated by determination of growth parameters, namely the lag phase, the specific growth rate and the cell density reached by cultures in the stationary phase. Growth inhibition by and β-endosulfan dependent on the concentration is diminished or removed by the addition of 2.5 m Ca²⁺ to bacterial cultures. Fluorescence DPH polarization consistently showed opposite effects of Ca²⁺ and - and β-endosulfan on the physical state of bacterial polar lipid dispersions.     

Particle release in extracorporeal low-density lipoprotein lowering therapies

Release of microparticles into the blood during extracorporeal circulation must be kept low because of possibly serious acute and chronic adverse effects. Concentration and size distribution of microparticles were measured during simulated treatments (n = 7) on original equipment for 2 standard low-density lipoprotein (LDL) elimination procedures (DALI 750, Fresenius AG, St. Wendel, Germany and Liposorber, Kaneka Corporation, Osaka, Japan) and compared to hemofiltration solutions. For both systems as well as in hemofiltration solutions, the mean particle concentrations in 500 ml portions gathered from the efferent blood line stayed below 10% of pharmacopoeia standards for infusion solutions (United States Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia) in all measured size classes. Although particle concentrations were comparable in all systems, the mean total number of particles > or =2 microm released per session was lowest in the DALI (167,000) compared to the Liposorber (465,000) and hemofiltration solutions (2,240,000). This was mainly due to different total processed blood volumes necessary to achieve the required LDL reduction.     

苯唑西林钠细菌内毒素检查法的建立

目的: 建立苯唑西林钠细菌内毒素检查法.方法: 参照中国药典2000年版二部附录XIE 细菌内毒素检查法和附录XIXF 细菌内毒素检查法应用指导原则,采用凝胶法进行干扰试验.结果: 本品的最大不干扰浓度为2.5mg*ml-1.结论: 本品适用于细菌内毒素检查法.     

肝素钠细菌内毒素检查法的建立

目的: 建立肝素钠原料药的细菌内毒素检查方法.方法: 通过干扰评价试验,证明肝素钠对细菌内毒素检查有抑制作用,使用稀释剂(I)适当补充二价阳离子,对样品作适当稀释,以消除其干扰抑制作用.结果: 补充适量的二价阳离子可以消除干扰作用.结论: 肝素钠原料药可以建立细菌内毒素检查法.     

环组己酰胺注射液细菌内毒素检查法的研究

目的:建立环组己酰胺注射液细菌内毒素检查法。方法:参照中国药典2000年版二部附录XI E细菌内毒素检查法和附录XI XF细菌内毒素检查法应用指导原则进行试验。结果:供试品按1:4稀释液检查无干扰作用。结论:细菌内毒素检查法可适用于该制剂。     

阿奇霉素治疗细菌性感染的临床疗效

目的:评价注射用阿奇霉素治疗细菌性感染的有效性及安全性。方法:60例呼吸系统和泌尿系统细菌感染性疾病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例,治疗组静滴阿奇霉素250 mg,qd,疗程5 d。对照组静滴头孢噻肟钠2 g,qd,疗程7d。结果:治疗组与对照组治疗细菌感染性疾病的有效率分别为90.0%与80.0%,两组比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);细菌清除率分别为89.3%与62.1%,两组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05);不良反应发生率均为6.7%。结论:注射用阿奇霉素治疗细菌性感染疗效高、安全性好。     

细菌脂多糖对NIH3T3细胞增生、胞内游离钙及cAMP浓度的影响

目的 :探讨细菌脂多糖 (lipopolysaccharide,L PS)对 NIH 3T3细胞增生、胞内游离钙及 c AMP浓度的影响。　方法 :以中性红比色法检测细胞生长 ,酚试剂法检测细胞蛋白质合成 ,并动态检测 L PS对胞内游离钙和 c AMP浓度的影响。　结果 :1微量 L PS可促进细胞生长及蛋白质合成 ;2 L PS作用后 3～ 5 min可使胞内游离钙浓度升高 ,作用 1 m in后使 c AMP浓度升高 ,并保持较高水平。　结论 :胞内游离钙 ([Ca2 ]i)及 c AMP是 L PS对 NIH3T3细胞作用过程中重要的信使分子