70例超声BI-RADS 3级2 cm以内乳腺结节的回顾性分析

目的  回顾性分析超声BI-RADS 3级的乳腺结节（Φ≤2 cm）70例,探讨BI-RADS 3级的乳腺结节需临床干预的危险因素,以期提高临床诊治水平。方法  选取2011年6月-2013年12月在新疆医科大学第五附属医院70例经超声首次分级为BI-RADS 3级的乳腺结节（Φ≤2 cm）进行回顾性分析。结果  70例病例中,恶性3例（4.29%）,良性病变67例（95.71%）;其中年龄（χ2=5.011,P =0.027）、绝经（χ2=9.240,P =0.004）、结节数目≥2（χ2=7.624,P =0.010）、外上象限（χ2=8.182,P =0.007）、有乳腺癌家族史（χ2=7.222,P =0.013）、既往有乳腺良性肿瘤史（χ2=9.892,P =0.003）、初潮年龄≤13岁（χ2=9.736,P =0.003）、未生育（χ2=8.182,P = 0.007）与疾病进展密切相关;与雌激素水平及体重指数（BMI）无明显相关性。结论  患者年龄、绝经、单发结节、位于外上象限、有乳腺癌家族史、既往有乳腺良性肿瘤史、初潮年龄以及未育与乳腺疾病进展密切相关,对于存在以上高危因素的BI-RADS 3级患者需进行临床干预,必要时手术治疗,不建议患者随访观察以免加重疾病进程。

     

乳腺三维断层摄影与全数字化乳腺摄影#br# 在乳腺疾病诊断中的效能对比

目的：研究数字乳腺三维断层摄影(digital breast tomosynthesis,DBT)对于乳腺影像报告数据系统(breast imaging-reporting and data system,BI-RADS)分类的影响及意义。方法：选取2013年5月至2013年11月来福建医科大学第二临床医学院就诊的乳腺疾病患者832例,入选病人全部双体位拍摄并进行COMBO模式检查[包括DBT和全数字化乳腺摄影(full-field digital mammography,FFDM)]。分别对COMBO及FFDM检查进行BI-RADS分类,并比较COMBO模式和FFDM检查模式在同一患者图像中腺体含量的判断、肿块特征的显示以及间接征象的显示;对832例进行Wilcoxon配对秩和检验,判断两种检查方法是否存在差异,同时对有病理结果的79例患者采用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operator characteristic curve,ROC)分析。结果：本组乳腺疾病患者中,多量腺体者(包括c类及d类)占87.6%,少量腺体者(包括a类及b类)占11.7%。判断腺体含量时,COMBO模式可以观察到更细致的腺体分布状况;秩和检验结果显示：COMBO模式及FFDM检查模式对乳腺 BI-RADS分类诊断分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),COMBO整体分类级别高于FFDM;诊断效能的比较以病理结果作为金标准,FFDM ROC曲线下面积是0.805,COMBO模式ROC曲线下面积为0.941,COMBO模式最佳截点值的敏感度为82.9%,高于FFDM的敏感度(60%),二者的特异度相同,均为93.2%。结论：DBT在乳腺X线检查进行BI-RADS分类时具有很高的临床价值。     

Positive margins prediction in breast cancer conservative surgery: Assessment of a preoperative web-based nomogram

Margin status of the surgical specimen has been shown to be a prognostic and risk factor for local recurrence in breast cancer surgery. It has been studied as a topic of intervention to diminish reoperation rates and reduce the probability of local recurrence in breast conservative surgery (BCS).This study aims to validate the Dutch BreastConservation! nomogram, created by Pleijhus et al., which predicts preoperative probability of positive margins in BCS.Patients with diagnosis of breast cancer stages cT1-2, who underwent BCS at the Breast Center of São João University Hospital (BC-CHSJ) in 2013–2014, were included. Association and correlation were evaluated for clinical, radiological, pathological and surgical variables. Multivariable logistic regression and ROC curves were used to assess nomogram parameters and discrimination.In our series of 253 patients, no associations were found between margin status and other studied variables (such as age or family history of breast cancer), except for weight (p-value = 0.045) and volume (p-value = 0.012) of the surgical specimen.Regarding the nomogram, a statistically significant association was shown between cN1 status and positive margins (p-value = 0.014). No differences were registered between the scores of patients with positive versus negative margins. Discrimination analysis showed an AUC of 0.474 for the basic and 0.508 for the expanded models.We cannot assume its external validation or its applicability to our cohort. Further studies are needed to determine the validity of this nomogram and achieve a broader view of currently available tools.     

Accuracy and Upgrading of CNB and BI-RADS Diagnoses Compared to Excision: A Clinicopathological-Radiological Correlation of Papillary Breast Lesions and Neoplasms

Background: Papillary breast lesions and neoplasms (PBLs/Ns) are diagnostically challenging lesions in both core needle biopsy (CNB) and radiology. Aim: To determine the accuracy and upgrade rate of CNB and BI-RADS diagnosis of PBLs/Ns compared to final excision diagnosis and the factors linked to upgrade. Methods: The favored CNB diagnosis and BI-RADS category for 82 PBLs/Ns were assessed based on histopathology, myoepithelial marker immunohistochemistry, mammographic/ultrasonographic findings. The radiological findings were compared to the pathological diagnoses. The accuracies of CNB and BI-RADS were compared to the excision diagnosis of the corresponding PBLs/Ns. The upgrade rates to malignancy were evaluated for both CNB and BI-RADS. Results: The presence of solid, irregular masses in breasts with composition A/B with calcification in radiology was significantly associated with the diagnosis of suspicious/malignant CNB, and malignant excision specimens (p<0.05). CNB was more accurate (90%), sensitive and specific with high positive and negative predictive values than BI-RADS. Combined CNB/BI-RADS accuracy was 90.2%. Overall upgrade rate came up to 9.8%. Upgrade rates to carcinoma were 7.3% for CNB and 8.5% for BI-RADS. Factors linked to upgrade were the age, lesion-size, BI-RADS category 4A and C, and histopathological/radiological discordance. All the upgraded PBLs/Ns were diagnosed as benign lesions in CNB with present/focally present myoepithelial diagnosis reflecting a sampling error. Conclusion: Up to 9.8% of PBLs/Ns diagnosed on CNB and BI-RADS undergo upgrading upon final excision, despite the high diagnostic accuracy. These evidences should be considered for final decision on whether to excise the lesion or not.     

不同乳腺超声类型BI-RADS分类效度的ROC曲线分析

目的 探讨超声BI-RADS分类对不同超声分型乳腺内结节的诊断价值。 方法 通过检索本院电子病历系统，获取2014年6月至2016年4月间，在我院因乳腺结节住院且行手术的病历资料，选取其中术前乳腺超声检查资料齐全、超声BI-RADS分类及术后病理结果明确的病历305例，年龄16-76岁，平均56±18岁。按照乳腺组织大体的声像图特点，将乳腺分为腺体型、腺纤维Ⅰ型、腺纤维Ⅱ型及脂肪型。乳腺结节的超声BI-RADS分类参照美国放射学院指南。以手术病理结果为金标准，病理结果采用良、恶性二分类法，分别计数各型乳腺内结节的BI-RADS分类，数据采用SPSS19.0进行ROC曲线分析。 结果 本组病例乳腺内结节超声BI-RADS分类的ROC曲线下面积为0.963，不同超声类型乳腺内结节超声BI-RADS分类的ROC曲线下面积分别为：0.933（腺体型），0.902（腺纤维Ⅰ型），0.953（腺纤维Ⅱ型），0.989（脂肪型）；超声BI-RADS分类区别各型乳腺内结节良、恶性的截断点均为4b-4c。 结论 超声BI-RADS分类对不同超声分型乳腺内结节均有良好的诊断效度，且对不同类型乳腺内结节良、恶性鉴别的最佳截断点亦一致。     

Current Status of Breast Ultrasound

Ultrasound (US) has a significant role in diagnostic breast imaging. It is most commonly used as an adjunctive test in characterizing lesions detected by other imaging modalities or by clinical examination. US is recognized as the modality of choice in the evaluation of women who are symptomatic and younger than 30 years of age, pregnant, or lactating. Combined mammography and US appear to have a role in screening high-risk populations. The use of standard Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System US lexicon is helpful in guiding the differentiation between benign and malignant sonographic signs. Biopsy is warranted when benign features are absent or for any feature consistent with malignancy, despite other benign findings. Whole breast and axillary US are useful in assessing tumour extension, multifocality, and the status of axillary lymph nodes. US is the modality of choice for guiding interventional breast procedures. The role of US as a guidance tool for nonoperative breast treatment is being investigated.     

BI-RADS分级在临床不可触及的乳腺病变活检中的应用

目的:探讨乳腺影像报告及数据系统(BI-RADS)分级对影像学发现的亚临床乳腺病变的诊断及治疗价值.材料和方法:50例乳腺X线发现异常而临床不可触及肿块的患者,运用BI-RADS分级系统为乳腺影像评分,为所有患者行乳腺X线引导下导丝定位病灶活检术,对比影像诊断与病理结果,分析影像学对病理结果的预测价值.结果:2例BI-RADS 5级,5例BI-RADS 4级与1例BI-RADS 3级病变证实为恶性,13例BI-RADS 4级和1例BI-RADS 3级病灶诊断为癌前病变,22例BI-RADS 4级和6例BI-RADS 3级病灶最终诊断为良性病变.结论:BI-RADS 3～5级的亚临床病变,通过导丝引导下病灶定位切除活检术,能够帮助发现早期乳腺癌.     

Breast MRI BI-RADS 3: Impact of Patient-Level Factors on Compliance With Short-Term Follow-Up

PurposeA BI-RADS 3 assessment on breast MRI is given when a finding is estimated to have less than 2% chance of breast cancer. Patients in this category are typically recommended to return for a 6-month follow-up MRI. Compliance with this recommendation is low, and we aim to understand which factors are associated with compliance.Materials and MethodsAll patients with an MRI examination given a BI-RADS category 3 between February 1, 2011, and June 30, 2016, were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics and breast-related medical history were extracted from the electronic medical record. Patients presenting for follow-up MRI between 3 and 10 months were considered compliant. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to identify which patient-level factors were associated with compliance with follow-up MRI.ResultsOverall, 190 women with a BI-RADS 3 assessment on MRI were included in the study. Of these women, 106 were compliant with the recommended follow-up MRI (57.3%), 34 had delayed follow-up (18.4%), and 45 were noncompliant (24.3%). Reason for examination, personal history of breast cancer, and family history of breast cancer were significantly associated with compliance.ConclusionsWe found that 75.7% of patients had a follow-up MRI after a BI-RADS 3 assessment, but only 57.3% were timely in their follow-up. Our data suggest that there may be subsets of patients who would benefit from additional support and resources to help increase overall compliance and timely compliance.     

Artificial Intelligence Using Open Source BI-RADS Data Exemplifying Potential Future Use

Objectives

With much hype about artificial intelligence (AI) rendering radiologists redundant, a simple radiologist-augmented AI workflow is evaluated; the premise is that inclusion of a radiologist’s opinion into an AI algorithm would make the algorithm achieve better accuracy than an algorithm trained on imaging parameters alone. Open-source BI-RADS data sets were evaluated to see whether inclusion of a radiologist’s opinion (in the form of BI-RADS classification) in addition to image parameters improved the accuracy of prediction of histology using three machine learning algorithms vis-à-vis algorithms using image parameters alone.