Differential Diagnosis of Breast Category 3 and 4 Nodules Through BI-RADS Classification in Conjunction with Shear Wave Elastography

Ultrasound (US) has become one of the important imaging methods for differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions. In 2013, the American College of Radiology published the fifth edition of the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). BI-RADS is a guide with recommendations for the standardization of breast imaging (US, mammography and magnetic resonance imaging) reports and for the auditing of centers employing such methods. Its objective is to standardize the nomenclature used in the reports. However, current US examinations are neither adequately sensitive nor sufficiently specific enough. The average Young's modulus was measured through shear wave elastography (SWE) to evaluate the diagnostic value of the BI-RADS classification in conjunction with SWE in differentiating BI-RADS 3 and 4 nodules. A total of 100 consecutive women with 126 breast lesions, including 65 benign and 61 malignant lesions, were included. The average Young's modulus of breast nodules and peri-nodule tissue (Emean1 and Emean2) was also determined through SWE. A receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn on the basis of pathologic results. The highest cut-off values were C1 and C2. At Emean1 > C1 or Emean2 > C2, BI-RADS 3 was increased to 4a and BI-RADS 4a was increased to 4b. At Emean1 ≤ C1 and Emean2 ≤ C2, BI-RADS 4b was decreased to 4a. Other BI-RADS classifications remained unchanged. BI-RADS 3 and 4a were considered benign. BI-RADS 4b and 4c were malignant. The area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity of the BI-RADS classification in conjunction with SWE were 0.952, 93.4% and 95.4%, respectively. The area under the curve, sensitivity and specificity of the original BI-RADS classification were 0.883, 82.0% and 87.7%, respectively. Differences were statistically significant (p = 0.028, Z-test). The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were increased effectively. As a new method, BI-RADS classification in conjunction with SWE that combines the average Young's modulus yields a high value in terms of the differential diagnosis of breast nodules.     

超声 MicroPure 成像对 BI-RADS 4级的乳腺肿块微钙化检出的价值

目的：评价应用超声 MicroPure 成像技术对 BI-RADS分级为4级的乳腺肿块中微钙化的检测价值。方法对56例发现乳腺肿块并且 BI-RADS 分级为4级的患者分别应用X 线钼靶、传统灰阶超声及 MicroPure 成像技术进行肿块微钙化的检测,以钼靶为金标准,对传统灰阶超声和 MicroPure检测结果进行比较。同时结合术后病理结果进行分析。结果56例乳腺肿块中,钼靶发现43个病灶有微钙化,传统灰阶超声发现其中22个病灶有微钙化,MicroPure 成像技术发现40个病灶有微钙化。传统灰阶超声检测病灶内部及周边微钙化的敏感性为51．2％,特异性为92．3％,ROC 曲线下面积为0．717;MicroPure 成像技术检测病灶内部及周边微钙化的敏感性为93．0％,特异性为100．0％,ROC 曲线下面积为0．965。结论在 BI-RADS 分级为4级的乳腺肿块微钙化的检测中,超声 MicroPure 成像技术明显优于传统灰阶超声,有助于乳腺癌的临床诊断。     

超声乳腺影像报告和数据系统在乳腺病灶性质评价中的价值

目的 探讨超声乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS-US)对乳腺良、恶性病灶的评估价值。 方法 回顾分析103例满足BI-RADS-US报告要求乳腺肿块患者的109个病灶,以术后病理诊断结果为金标准,计算BI-RADS-US 诊断乳腺恶性病灶的准确性、敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值(PPV)及阴性预测值(NPV)。统计分析BI-RADS-US关于形态、方位、边界、边缘回声、后方回声、钙化等描述术语对良恶性病灶的鉴别价值。 结果 109个病灶的BI-RADS-US 分级:良性50个,恶性59个;2～5 级诊断恶性肿瘤的PPV分别为0、5.8%、27.7%和93%。BI-RADS-US诊断乳腺恶性肿瘤的的准确性、敏感性、特异性、PPV和NPV分别为82.5%、96%、36%、93%和63%。在良恶性结节中,6个有统计学意义的超声描述词分别为:不规则形、非平行生长、边缘不光整,周围高回声声晕,后方回声衰减,内部微钙化;其PPV值分别为94%,87%,85%,95%,88%,84.6%。 结论 BI-RADS-US具有较高的诊断准确性,对预测乳腺良、恶性病灶有较高的价值,为临床提供了标准化和规范化的报告。     

BI-RADS-0 Screening Mammography: Risk Factors That Prevent or Delay Follow-Up Time to Diagnostic Evaluation

ObjectiveBI-RADS 0 screening mammograms require follow-up diagnostic imaging, optimally within 60 days. Our study aims to identify risk factors for delayed follow-up.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case-control study of individuals who had a nondiagnostic BI-RADS 0 screening mammogram between March 19, 2018, and March 19, 2020. Sociodemographic information was collected from a self-reported questionnaire. We aimed to identify factors associated with <60-day follow-up, >60-day follow-up, or no follow-up outcomes. The χ² test and univariate logistic regressions were performed. Significant variables were included in multinomial logistic regression. We also aimed to identify risk factors that lead to delayed follow-up times among individuals with follow-up. Spearman’s correlation and Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed.ResultsReview returned 5,034 screening mammograms. Of 4,552 individuals included, 904 (19.9%) had no follow-up. Of the 3,648 (80.1%) with follow-up, 2,797 (76.7%) had a follow-up <60 days (median 20 days) and 851 (23.3%) had follow-up >60 days (median 176 days). Multinomial regression found that Asian (P = .022), Black (P < .0001), and individuals who identified their race as other (P < .0001) were independently more likely to have no or >60-day follow-up. Individuals who did not report their race (P = .001) or completed the questionnaire in Spanish (P = .025) were more likely to have no or >60-day follow-up. Among individuals with follow-up, Black individuals (P < .0001), those who identified their race as other (P < .0001), Hispanic individuals (P = .04), and those who completed the questionnaire in Spanish (P < .0001) had follow-up delays. BRCA-positive individuals had shorter follow-up times (P = .021).DiscussionFollow-up time is affected by cancer risk factors such as BRCA status in addition to race, preferred language, and Hispanic ethnicity.     

Probably Benign Breast Nodular Lesions (BI-RADS 3): Correlation between Ultrasound Features and Histologic Findings

The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the validity of the BI-RADS system in ultrasound findings assigned to BI-RADS 3 category, using cytologic and histologic results as a benchmark. Our study population consisted of 122 ultrasound nodular lesions in 122 women who underwent fine-needle aspiration cytology and biopsy for probably benign lesions (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System [BI-RADS] category 3). Contrary to what was previously reported in the literature (risk of malignancy of BI-RADS 3 <2%), malignancy was the outcome in seven of 122 cases (5.7%). Our study also found that the presence of a cellular component with a mobile fluid–fluid level in a cystic lesion and small (<3 mm) anechoic components in solid lesions is not always an indication of benignity. Our experience seems to indicate the need to consider the presence of non-homogeneous echoes in the corpuscular cyst and solid nodular lesions with cystic components as suspicious, especially in lesions with large dimensions. Therefore it would be necessary to conduct further studies to establish a dimensional criterion in the assessment of the malignant nature of the mentioned lesions. The management of probably benign nodular lesions should not only be guided by BI-RADS classification; it is also necessary to include clinical and anamnestic data and apply a multidisciplinary approach to select cases that require histologic verification instead of the usual follow-up.     

乳腺MRI对病理性乳头溢液的评估

目的：利用BI-RADS（Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System,乳房图像和资料系统）MRI征象描述评估MRI在诊断病理性乳头溢液中的价值及其与病理诊断的关系。方法：应用3.0TMRI检查35例病理性乳头溢液病人,并结合其术后病理结果进行对比。根据BI-RADSMRI征象描述分析乳头溢液病人的MRI图像特征,探讨MRI征象与病理诊断的关系。结果：MRI对于病理性乳头溢液的总体诊断准确率达87.8%,恶性病灶的MRI征象中最常见的强化分布是沿导管分布（60.0%）、最常见的强化形态是不均匀强化（60.0%）,最常见的时间-信号曲线是平台型（60.0%）。结论：乳腺MRI为临床诊断病理性乳头溢液提供了非常有用的信息,有助于提高临床诊断的准确率。     

Real-time ultrasound elastography: its potential role in assessment of breast lesions

We evaluated whether real-time ultrasound elastography (USE) performed in addition to conventional ultrasound (US) can improve the differentiation of benign from malignant breast lesions. Both conventional US and real-time USE were performed in 112 consecutive patients with 139 breast lesions using a Hitachi EUB-8500 US system. Each lesion was assigned an elasticity score according to the degree and distribution of strain induced manually by mild compression. The USE scores (1 to 5) were compared with the BI-RADS assessment categories (1 to 5) obtained with conventional US. Sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of each method were determined with surgical pathology as the gold standard. There were 70 benign and 69 malignant lesions. The mean elasticity score was significantly higher for malignant lesions than for benign lesions (4.33 +/- 0.11 vs. 2.10 +/- 0.13, p < 0.01). When a cutoff point of 4 was used, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 85.5, 88.6 and 87% for USE and 94.2, 87.1 and 90.6% for conventional US, respectively. Of the 64 lesions assessed as BI-RADS 2 or 3(i.e., benign) based on conventional US, two were scored as 4 and 5 (i.e., malignant) using USE and were subsequently proven to be malignant. Of the 75 lesions with BI-RADS 4 or 5 category from conventional US, one was scored as a category 1 (benign) with USE and found to be benign by pathology. Our study results suggest that the addition of USE imaging to conventional US could be helpful in the detection and characterization of breast masses.     

Breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) or French “classification ACR”: What tool for what use? A point of view

The American College of Radiology Task Force on Breast Cancer published in 2003 the fourth edition of BI-RADS for Mammography. It is a lexicon of mammography terms including illustrations of each feature described, followed by a reporting format with assessment categories according to the degree of concern. The aim is to reduce inconsistencies in mammography reports and recommendations for assessment, to facilitate outcome monitoring and to allow each radiologist to audit his own mammography practice. In France, the Société Fran?aise de Radiologie acquired the rights to translate BI-RADS, word for word and without adaptation or influence. The last edition was published in 2004. Simultaneously, French Haute Autorité de Santé and National Committee for Breast Cancer Screening proposed to all community practice mammography facilities a classification of detected abnormalities stating more clearly than BI-RADS do which feature has to be included in such and such assessment category and how to manage it. This "classification ACR" is adapted from BI-RADS but strongly influenced by the context of the French nationwide screening programme, and by European recommendations to limitate undesirable risks of screening such as false positive and overdiagnosis. The differences between the two systems are discussed.     

BI-RADS: use in the French radiologic community. How to overcome with some difficulties

In the United States, BI-RADS (Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System) has been set up as a quality assurance system for better communication between professionals and for the follow-up of breast screening programs. It has become a reference in the field of mammographic imaging and has been adopted by several countries throughout the world. It has been translated in French. The aim of this article is to discuss the difficulties in using it in the French radiologic communities. There are few problems with vocabulary excepted for microcalcifications. BI-RADS includes a guidance chapter giving some recommendations for using properly the lexicon. Classification of normal breast remains of concern, as it is difficult to evaluate precisely the content of fat and as the final image is also dependant of technical factors. The main difficulties are related to final classification in BI-RADS categories as the lexicon does not explicit which mammographic features should be included in the categories from three to five. In France, a table concerning the classification of mammographic abnormalities has been established by the HAS (former ANAES) which represents the highest scientific health authority in France. There are no major problems for using the BI-RADS for US and MRI. BI-RADS is suitable for different categories of women and for male and training has an important impact on acceptance and proper use of the lexicon.     

CR乳腺钼靶摄影与BI-RADS对乳腺病变的诊断价值

随着数字乳腺X线摄影技术的不断发展和应用,乳腺疾病的诊断准确率有了显著提高.特别是PACS强大的后处理功能对乳腺癌检出的敏感性可达68%～88%,特异性可从82%～93%,甚至高达98.5%[1],与传统非数字化模拟钼靶乳腺机相比,在精确诊断方面显示出明显优势,使乳腺X线检查成为最为主要而可靠的乳腺疾病的检查方法和乳腺癌的筛查方法.