Breast ultrasound elastography—Results of 193 breast lesions in a prospective study with histopathologic correlation

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound elastography in breast masses.

Material and methods

193 lesions (129 benign, 64 malignant) were analyzed with the EUB 8500 Logos-ultrasonic-unit (Hitachi Medical, Japan) and a linear-array-transducer of 7.5-13-MHz. Standard of reference was cytology (FNAfine needle aspiration) or histology (core biopsy). The elastic-score was classified according to a 6-point colour-scale (Ueno classification; 1-3 = benign, 4-5 = malignant). Conventional B-mode ultrasound (US) findings were classified according to the BI-RADS classification. Statistical analysis included sensitivity, specificity, ROC-analysis and kappa-values for intra-/interobserver reliability.

Results

The mean score for elasticity was 4.1 ± 0.9 for malignant lesions, and 2.1 ± 1.0 for benign lesions (p < 0.001). With a best cut-off point between elasticity scores 3 and 4, sensitivity was 96.9%, and specificity 76%. Setting a best cut-off point for conventional US between BI-RADS 4 and 5, sensitivity was 57.8%, and specificity 96.1%. Elastography provided higher sensitivity and lower specificity than conventional US, but two lesions with elasticity score 1 were false negative, whereas no lesion scored BI-RADS 1-3 were false negative. ROC-curve was 0.884 for elastography, and 0.820 for conventional US (p < 0.001). Weighted kappa-values for intra-/interobserver reliability were 0.784/0.634 for BI-RADS classification, and 0.720/0.561 for elasticity scores.

Conclusion

In our study setting, elastography does not have the potential to replace conventional B-mode US for the detection of breast cancer, but may complement conventional US to improve the diagnostic performance.     

超声与钼靶BI-RADS分级对乳腺浸润性导管癌的诊断

目的:研究超声与钼靶BI-RADS分级对乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)的诊断。方法:回顾分析98例105个术后病理证实的IDC病灶的超声与钼靶BI-RADS 3~5分级影像图,比较两者以及两者联合对IDC的诊断价值。结果:超声与钼靶分级以及两者联合诊断IDC的准确性分别为85.7%(90/105)、77.1%(81/105)、95.2%(100/105);超声与钼靶BI-RADS分级对IDC的诊断,两者之间有统计学意义(P0.05),超声与钼靶两者联合诊断,诊断价值高于单一方法(P0.05)。结论:本组研究中,超声和钼靶按BI-RADS分级,均对IDC有较高的的诊断价值,两者联合诊断IDC的准确率更高。     

A Systematic Approach for Using DICOM Structured Reports in Clinical Processes: Focus on Breast Cancer

This paper describes a methodology for redesigning the clinical processes to manage diagnosis, follow-up, and response to treatment episodes of breast cancer. This methodology includes three fundamental elements: (1) identification of similar and contrasting cases that may be of clinical relevance based upon a target study, (2) codification of reports with standard medical terminologies, and (3) linking and indexing the structured reports obtained with different techniques in a common system. The combination of these elements should lead to improvements in the clinical management of breast cancer patients. The motivation for this work is the adaptation of the clinical processes for breast cancer created by the Valencian Community health authorities to the new techniques available for data processing. To achieve this adaptation, it was necessary to design nine Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) structured report templates: six diagnosis templates and three summary templates that combine reports from clinical episodes. A prototype system is also described that links the lesion to the reports. Preliminary tests of the prototype have shown that the interoperability among the report templates allows correlating parameters from different reports. Further work is in progress to improve the methodology in order that it can be applied to clinical practice.     

Mammographic breast density and the risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectivesMammographic density is a well-defined risk factor for breast cancer and having extremely dense breast tissue is associated with a one-to six-fold increased risk of breast cancer. However, it is questioned whether this increased risk estimate is applicable to current breast density classification methods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further investigate and clarify the association between mammographic density and breast cancer risk based on current literature.MethodsMedline, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched for articles published since 2013, that used BI-RADS lexicon 5th edition and incorporated data on digital mammography. Crude and maximally confounder-adjusted data were pooled in odds ratios (ORs) using random-effects models. Heterogeneity regarding breast cancer risks were investigated using I² statistic, stratified and sensitivity analyses.ResultsNine observational studies were included. Having extremely dense breast tissue (BI-RADS density D) resulted in a 2.11-fold (95% CI 1.84–2.42) increased breast cancer risk compared to having scattered dense breast tissue (BI-RADS density B). Sensitivity analysis showed that when only using data that had adjusted for age and BMI, the breast cancer risk was 1.83-fold (95% CI 1.52–2.21) increased. Both results were statistically significant and homogenous.ConclusionsMammographic breast density BI-RADS D is associated with an approximately two-fold increased risk of breast cancer compared to having BI-RADS density B in general population women. This is a novel and lower risk estimate compared to previously reported and might be explained due to the use of digital mammography and BI-RADS lexicon 5th edition.     

彩色多普勒超声在诊断致密型乳腺癌患者术后对侧乳腺癌中的价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声检查在提高致密型乳腺癌患者术后对侧乳腺癌(contralateral breast cancer,CBC)检出率中的应用价值。方法:对我院乳腺癌患者行术后常规乳腺超声及钼靶检查，229名患者考虑对侧乳腺病变，根据腺体含量对其进行分型，并应用BI-RADS分级对病变进行评估。结果:超声诊断CBC的特异性、准确率与阳性预测值均明显好于钼靶检查，致密型乳腺钼靶CBC检出率明显下降，超声检查CBC检出率明显增高，BI-RADS 4A与4B分级中脂肪型及少量腺体型乳腺钼靶CBC的检出率明显高于超声检查，BI-RADS 4C与5分级中，乳腺分型对超声及钼靶筛查CBC的结果影响不大。结论:超声及钼靶的联合检查在CBC的检出中发挥重要作用，而乳腺分型与BI-RADS分类诊断对乳腺肿瘤的临床诊断效能和应用价值意义重大。     

超声造影检查在乳腺BI-RADS 4类的乳腺肿块良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:探讨超声造影检查在常规超声诊断为乳腺BI-RADS 4类的乳腺肿块良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:对2016年7月至2017年10月在西安交通大学第一附属医院门诊就诊并经常规超声诊断为乳腺BI-RADS 4类的76例患者共76个乳腺肿块进行超声造影检查,以穿刺活检或手术切除病理结果为金标准建立诊断试验分析。结果:最终病理证实良性病变53例（良性组）,恶性病变23例（恶性组）。超声造影特点如形态不规则、边界不清晰、有穿入或扭曲血管、对比剂不均匀性增强、内部有充盈缺损及造影后面积较二维增大在恶性组的比例显著高于良性组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。超声造影诊断乳腺BI-RADS 4类病灶良恶性鉴别诊断的敏感度、特异度及准确性分别为96%、85%和88%。结论:良恶性乳腺肿块的超声造影特征明显不同,超声造影可以有效鉴别BI-RADS 4类乳腺病灶的良恶性,有望提高穿刺活检的恶性检出率。     

Role of BI-RADS Ultrasound Subcategories 4A to 4C in Predicting Breast Cancer

Background

The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) ultrasound (US) categorization revised in 2013 by the American College of Radiology resulted in unquestionable standardization of reports and confirmed category 3 and 5 as benign and malignant lesions, respectively. In contrast, suspected images (category 4) have subcategorization criteria, although theses have been detailed difficult to apply. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of the US 4A to 4C BI-RADS subcategories in predicting malignancy.

剪切波弹性成像技术定量评估肿块周围组织硬度对乳腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断的价值

目的:探讨剪切波弹性成像技术定量评估肿块周围组织硬度在乳腺良恶性肿瘤诊断中的应用价值。 方法:收集2019年7月至2022年6月,在我院经手术病理结果证实的乳腺肿瘤患者141例,共152 个肿块,良性肿块66个,恶性肿块86个,进行BI-RADS 分类并测量肿块及周围1 mm、2 mm、3 mm范围组织弹性模量值（Emax、Emean、Esd、Emin、SEmax1、SEmean1、SEsd1、SEmin1、SEmax2、SEmean2、SEsd2、SEmin2、SEmax3、SEmean3、SEsd3、SEmin3）,比较良恶性肿块及其周围组织这16组参数之间的差异。 以病理诊断为金标准,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),比较各参数的曲线下面积(AUC),获得诊断价值最大的参数。结果:乳腺良恶性肿块及其周围组织弹性模量值差异均具有统计学意义,Emax、Emean、Esd值恶性肿块高于良性,Emin恶性肿块低于良性;Emax、SEmax1、SEmax2、SEmax3,4组参数的AUC值均大于0.90,其中SEmax2的AUC值最大,为0.958,诊断截断值为>128.33 kPa,诊断的敏感性77.9%,特异性85.0%,准确率85.5%。 结论:乳腺良恶性肿块周围2 mm范围组织的SEmax2值诊断效能最高,诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确率均优于二维超声,有良好的临床应用价值。     

乳腺超声弹性成像BI-RADS 4 级肿块校正及穿刺活检的诊断价值*

目的:对比分析乳腺BI-RADS 分级中4 级肿块经超声弹性成像应变率比值校正及超声引导下穿刺活检术的诊断价值。方法:收集2014年1 月至2016年6 月120 例承德医学院附属医院行乳腺肿块手术切除患者的资料,术前全部肿块BI-RADS 分级为4级,经超声弹性成像应变率比值校正后行超声引导下穿刺活检术,以病理为金标准对比超声弹性成像应变率比值与穿刺活检的诊断价值。结果:120 例乳腺患者BI-RADS 4 级肿块经超声弹性成像应变率比值校正后,其中46例BI-RADS 4 级不变、59例降为BI-RADS3 级、15例升为BI-RADS5 级,与病理结果对照,经超声弹性成像应变率比值校正及穿刺活检诊断的灵敏度、特异度及准确率分别为90.7% 、81.8% 、85.5% 及88.8% 、98.5% 、95.0% ,经超声弹性成像应变率比值校正与穿刺活检诊断乳腺恶性肿块的差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,诊断良性肿块的差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。 结论:超声引导下穿刺活检术对乳腺BI-RADS4 级肿块有较高定性诊断价值,仅次于病理诊断,超声弹性成像应变率比值对乳腺 BI-RADS4 级肿块分级校正及指导穿刺活检具有一定的临床价值。      

不同组织学类型和分子分型的乳腺黏液癌82例超声声像图特征表现

目的 分析不同组织学类型和不同分子分型的乳腺黏液癌（MBC）的超声声像图特征。方法 回顾性分析四川天府新区人民医院2013年6月至2021年6月经手术后证实为乳腺黏液癌的病人82例的临床和超声资料,根据超声乳腺影像报告和数据系统（BI-RADS）进行描述和分类,比较不同组织学类型和不同分子分型MBC的差异,并进行统计学分析。结果 单纯型乳腺黏液癌（PMBC）和混合型乳腺黏液癌（MMBC）相比较,在非平行方位、毛刺状、声影、肿块内微钙化、结构扭曲、血管供应、腋窝淋巴结异常的发生率[71.4%(5/7)比21.3%(16/75)、100.0%(4/4)比9.1%(1/11)、66.7%(2/3)比13.0%(6/46)、58.3%(14/24)比12.7%(7/55)、37.1%(13/35)比17.0%(8/47)、38.1%(16/42)比12.5%(5/40)、50.0%(9/18)比18.7(12/64)]均显著升高（P<0.05）。Luminal B型与Luminal A型相比较,在不均匀背景回声、椭圆形、血管供应、BI-RADS 3类的发生率[70.0%(14/20)比2...