阅片者间应用数字乳腺断层合成X线成像诊断乳腺疾病的可靠性分析

目的：比较阅片者间应用全屏数字化乳腺 X 线成像(FFDM)和数字乳腺断层合成 X 线成像(DBT)对乳腺疾病诊断及BI-RADS 分类的差异,评价 DBT 在诊断乳腺肿瘤方面的应用价值。方法收集疑似乳腺疾病病例300例,所有病例均经手术病理证实,其中良性118例,恶性182例,所有患者术前均行 FFDM 及 DBT 检查。分别由4名不同年资医师独立阅片进行诊断,以病理为金标准,比较阅片者间对乳腺病变诊断的差异。采用χ2及受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析方法进行统计。结果高年资医师阅读 FFDM 和 DBT 的诊断正确率分别为90%和91%,曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.891和0.899;低年资医师阅读 FFDM 和DBT 影像的诊断正确率分别为82%和90%,AUC 分别为0.801和0.891。118例良性病变中 DBT 相比 FFDM,高、低年资医师分类为 BI-RADS 4a 类及以下的病例分别由82例提高到96例、41例提高到98例,分类为 BI-RADS 4b-5类的病例分别由19例降至16例、30例降至16例。182例恶性病变中 DBT 相比 FFDM,分类为 BI-RADS 4a-5类的病例高、低年资医师分别由167例提高到169例、152例提高到167例;BI-RADS 4a 类及以下的病例分别由12例降至10例、24例降至15例。高、低年资医师阅读 FFDM 分类为 BI-RADS 0类的病例分别为22例和53例,而阅读 DBT 后二者分别降至7例和4例。结论不同年资医师阅读 DBT 可以提高诊断的准确性,BI-RADS 分类与病理结果的一致性亦更高,以低年资医师提高更为显著。DBT 对提高乳腺肿瘤的检出率及诊断准确性具有很大的潜能。     

First ultrasound diagnosis of BI-RADS 3 lesions in young patients: Can 6-months follow-up be sufficient to assess stability?

ObjectivesTo evaluate the outcome of repeated short-term follow-up with ultrasound in no high-risk young patients with a BI-RADS3 lesion at first examination.MethodsIn this IRB-approved study 492 women, aged 18–34 years (mean ± standard deviation, 28 ± 4.5 years) with first breast ultrasound examination in 2012–2014 were retrospectively evaluated. Inclusion criteria were: at least one BI-RADS3 lesion and (a) biopsy/surgical excision or (b) follow-up of at least 18 months (including a 6-month follow-up). BI-RADS category assigned during follow-up and pathologic findings in cases undergoing biopsy/surgical excision were collected. At the 6- and 18-month follow-up the recommended biopsy rates (RBR) and the corresponding positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated.ResultsIn 97 patients, 151 BI-RADS3 lesions were identified. Biopsy/surgical excision was initially performed in 25/151 (16.5%) lesions. After 6-month, category was downgraded to BI-RADS1/2 in 23/126 (15.3%) and upgraded to BI-RADS4 in 9/126 lesions (7.1%). Pathological diagnosis of these lesions was fibroadenoma in 5 and benign phyllodes tumor in 4 cases (RBR 7%, PPV_bio 44.4%). After 18-month one lesion was classified BI-RADS4 and pathological diagnosis was fibroadenoma (RBR 1.1%, PPV_bio 0%).ConclusionsOur preliminary data show that follow-up imaging performed after 18 months from a first BI-RADS3 diagnosis does not affect clinical treatment and 6-month follow-up may be sufficient to assess the stability of probably benign lesions.     

乳腺MR影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS-MBI)的临床应用

近年来乳腺癌发病率呈逐年上升趋势,现已居妇女恶性肿瘤之首.乳腺X线、超声和MRI是乳腺检查的主要手段.     

BI-RADS系统在乳腺钼靶普查的应用价值

目的:探讨BI-RADS系统在乳腺钼靶普壹的应用价值.方法:对910饲参加乳腺普查的妇女采用BI-RADS报告系统,结合本院全数字化乳腺X线影像特征进行评估分级.结果:根据BI-RADS数据系统分类和统计.其中0级197例,Ⅰ级421例,Ⅱ级21C例,Ⅲ级57例,Ⅳ级23倒,ⅤV级2例,结论:BI-RADS报告系统对乳腺疾病的普查有重要意义.     

Diagnostic algorithm: how to make use of new 2D, 3D and 4D ultrasound technologies in breast imaging

The aim of this publication is to present a time saving diagnostic algorithm consisting of two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound (US) technologies. This algorithm of eight steps combines different imaging modalities and render modes which allow a step by step analysis of 2D, 3D and 4D diagnostic criteria. Advanced breast US systems with broadband high frequency linear transducers, full digital data management and high resolution are the actual basis for two-dimensional breast US studies in order to detect early breast cancer (step 1). The continuous developments of 2D US technologies including contrast resolution imaging (CRI) and speckle reduction imaging (SRI) have a direct influence on the high quality of three-dimensional and four-dimensional presentation of anatomical breast structures and pathological details. The diagnostic options provided by static 3D volume datasets according to US BI-RADS analogue assessment, concerning lesion shape, orientation, margin, echogenic rim sign, lesion echogenicity, acoustic transmission, associated calcifications, 3D criteria of the coronal plane, surrounding tissue composition (step 2) and lesion vascularity (step 6) are discussed. Static 3D datasets offer the combination of long axes distance measurements and volume calculations, which are the basis for an accurate follow-up in BI-RADS II and BI-RADS III lesions (step 3). Real time 4D volume contrast imaging (VCI) is able to demonstrate tissue elasticity (step 5). Glass body rendering is a static 3D tool which presents greyscale and colour information to study the vascularity and the vascular architecture of a lesion (step 6). Tomographic ultrasound imaging (TUI) is used for a slice by slice documentation in different investigation planes (A-,B- or C-plane) (steps 4 and 7). The final step 8 uses the panoramic view technique (XTD-View) to document the localisation within the breast and to make the position of a lesion simply reproducible.     

BI-RADS分级在彩超检查乳腺良、恶性肿瘤中的规范化应用

目的:通过彩超检查手段,探讨BI-RADS分级在乳腺肿瘤中的规范化应用及其价值。方法:回顾性分析多例经手术、病理证实的乳腺良、恶性肿瘤患者的超声表现及彩色多普勒血流特点,重点是恶性肿瘤及交界性肿瘤的界定,规范其诊断时的应用标准。结果:经手术及活检病理诊断,经过术前BI-RADS分级方法筛查,超声诊断符合率为89.5%,其中误诊为良性54例(6.2%),误诊为恶性36例(4.2%),主要是4级(a,b,c)结节的鉴定存在误诊及偏差。结论:乳腺恶性肿瘤在声像图中的可疑征象:形态不规则、边缘不光整、高回声晕、垂直生长、后方回声衰减、瘤体内微钙化、血供丰富,其中形态不规则、边缘毛刺、边缘成角、肿瘤内微钙化为预测恶性肿瘤的主要指标,其余改变可作为次要指标。通过对上述指标的合理应用,使用统一的专业术语、标准的诊断归类及检查程序,达到早期、准确的诊断乳腺疾病尤其是恶性肿瘤。     

超声未能诊断乳腺癌的原因回顾分析

【摘要】 目的 回顾分析在先前乳腺超声诊断为假阴性,而在超声随访中进展为乳腺癌的病人资料,并分析可能产生假阴性的原因。 方法 筛选本院PACS系统中病理确诊的乳腺癌病例,选取其中先前超声没有诊断,而在随访检查出乳腺癌的病例,共56例。由二位副教授职称的超声医师在非双盲的情况下回顾分析保存在PACS系统中乳腺超声图像,并结合其钼靶、MRI等其它影像资料,分析原因（漏诊、误诊、处理不当）,两人取得一致意见。结果 56个乳腺癌病例中,有14例无法获取完整影像学资料,其余42个乳腺癌的BI-RADS分级为3～5级,分析表明：①7例为漏诊,初次诊断全部由低年资医生做出。②27例为误诊,误诊主要原因为肿块边缘规整（8例）,大小稳定（3例）,内部回声均匀（2例）,多发病灶、良恶性重叠（5例）;妊娠、哺乳时期（3例）;其中先前乳腺病变超声BI-RADS 3级的有27例（64.29%）。③8例处理不当,主要来自对钼靶、MRI图像关联不够,2例为超声引导下取样错误所致。结论 在超声检查罹患乳腺肿瘤的病人中,回顾分析总结认为：低年资医师有待增加超声诊断乳腺癌的经验;误诊的概率要高于漏诊及处理不当,其中BI-RADS 3级病变误诊率最高;超声检查应与MRI、钼靶图像紧密关联。     

Assessing the degree of collinearity among the lesion features of the MRI BI-RADS lexicon

Purpose

To retrospectively assess collinearity among lesion feature of the MRI BI-RADS lexicon. Collinearity denotes a situation in which two or more (independent) variables are correlated to some degree, thus partly conveying the same information. Collinearity may cause problems in the interpretation of logistic regression models.

Materials and methods

We analysed the BI-RADS features of 351 lesions in 325 consecutive patients. Patients with biopsy proven breast disease or treated with chemotherapy were excluded. All lesion features were dichotomised into “present” or “not present”. Correlation matrices were generated for mass and non-mass lesions separately, focus lesions were omitted. The phi coefficient was used as measure for correlation.

Results

There were 253 mass (175 malignant, 78 benign), 66 non-mass (21 malignant, 45 benign) and 32 focus (5 malignant, 27 benign) lesions among the study population. The strongest inter-subgroup correlations among mass lesion features were: slow initial enhancement with persistent kinetics, phi = 0.64 (0.56–0.71), rapid initial enhancement with washout kinetics, phi = 0.52 (0.43–0.61) and rapid initial enhancement with persistent kinetics, phi = −0.43 (−0.53 to −0.32). The strongest inter-subgroup correlation among non-mass lesion features were: rapid initial enhancement with washout kinetics, phi = 0.51 (0.30–0.67), slow initial enhancement with persistent kinetics, phi = 0.43 (0.21–0.61) and rapid initial enhancement with persistent kinetics, phi = −0.41 (−0.18 to −0.60).

Conclusion

There is a noticeable overlap of information, especially between kinetic features and initial enhancement types for both, mass and non-mass lesions. This should be considered when generating logistic regression models with the MRI BI-RADS lesion features.     

Breast ultrasound elastography—Results of 193 breast lesions in a prospective study with histopathologic correlation

Purpose

To evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound elastography in breast masses.

Material and methods

193 lesions (129 benign, 64 malignant) were analyzed with the EUB 8500 Logos-ultrasonic-unit (Hitachi Medical, Japan) and a linear-array-transducer of 7.5-13-MHz. Standard of reference was cytology (FNAfine needle aspiration) or histology (core biopsy). The elastic-score was classified according to a 6-point colour-scale (Ueno classification; 1-3 = benign, 4-5 = malignant). Conventional B-mode ultrasound (US) findings were classified according to the BI-RADS classification. Statistical analysis included sensitivity, specificity, ROC-analysis and kappa-values for intra-/interobserver reliability.

Results

The mean score for elasticity was 4.1 ± 0.9 for malignant lesions, and 2.1 ± 1.0 for benign lesions (p < 0.001). With a best cut-off point between elasticity scores 3 and 4, sensitivity was 96.9%, and specificity 76%. Setting a best cut-off point for conventional US between BI-RADS 4 and 5, sensitivity was 57.8%, and specificity 96.1%. Elastography provided higher sensitivity and lower specificity than conventional US, but two lesions with elasticity score 1 were false negative, whereas no lesion scored BI-RADS 1-3 were false negative. ROC-curve was 0.884 for elastography, and 0.820 for conventional US (p < 0.001). Weighted kappa-values for intra-/interobserver reliability were 0.784/0.634 for BI-RADS classification, and 0.720/0.561 for elasticity scores.

Conclusion

In our study setting, elastography does not have the potential to replace conventional B-mode US for the detection of breast cancer, but may complement conventional US to improve the diagnostic performance.     

超声与钼靶BI-RADS分级对乳腺浸润性导管癌的诊断

目的:研究超声与钼靶BI-RADS分级对乳腺浸润性导管癌(IDC)的诊断。方法:回顾分析98例105个术后病理证实的IDC病灶的超声与钼靶BI-RADS 3~5分级影像图,比较两者以及两者联合对IDC的诊断价值。结果:超声与钼靶分级以及两者联合诊断IDC的准确性分别为85.7%(90/105)、77.1%(81/105)、95.2%(100/105);超声与钼靶BI-RADS分级对IDC的诊断,两者之间有统计学意义(P0.05),超声与钼靶两者联合诊断,诊断价值高于单一方法(P0.05)。结论:本组研究中,超声和钼靶按BI-RADS分级,均对IDC有较高的的诊断价值,两者联合诊断IDC的准确率更高。