Genomic profiling of B-progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is comprised of multiple subtypes defined by recurring chromosomal alterations that are important events in leukemogenesis and are widely used in diagnosis and risk stratification, yet fail to fully explain the biology of this disease. In the last 5 years, genome-wide profiling of gene expression, structural DNA alterations and sequence variations has yielded important insights into the nature of submicroscopic genetic alterations that define novel subgroups of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and cooperate with known cytogenetic alterations in leukemogenesis. Importantly, several of these alterations are important determinants of risk of relapse and are potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, these advances and future directions in the genomic analysis of ALL are discussed.     

伊马替尼血药浓度的临床相关性研究

目的 探讨伊马替尼(IM)血药浓度监测在指导慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)治疗中的意义.方法 利用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)法对153例正规服用IM治疗CML患者进行IM血浆浓度监测,分析血药浓度与患者一般特征及疗效的关系.结果 ①IM血药浓度水平与患者性别、年龄、身高、体重、体表面积以及服用IM时间无相关性;...     

流式免疫磁珠法检测BCR-ABL融合蛋白在白血病中的意义

目的：探讨流式免疫磁珠（CBA）法检测白血病患者BCR-ABL融合蛋白的方法学评价及其意义。方法：采用CBA法检测64例白血病患者和10例正常人外周血白细胞中BCR-ABL融合蛋白表达,同时与实时定量聚合酶链反应（RQ-PCR）和荧光原位杂交（FISH）法比较。结果：正常人外周血白细胞BCR-ABL融合蛋白平均荧光强度（MFI）是10.58±3.88,64例白血病患者中BCR-ABL阳性25例,仅1例B-ALL患者检测结果与RQ-PCR结果不一致,与FISH检测结果完全一致。结论：CBA法检测BCR-ABL融合蛋白方法可靠,重复性好,简单,快速,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

c-Ets1对K562细胞BCR-ABL融合基因表达的影响

目的探讨转录因子c-Ets1对K562细胞BCR-ABL融合基因表达的影响。方法将c-Ets1基因转染K562细胞,RT-PCR检测转染后BCR-ABL融合基因mRNA的表达;Western blot检测转染后融合蛋白p210的表达;MTT法检测对细胞增殖的影响;生物信息学方法初步分析BCR-ABL启动子的功能。结果 RT-PCR检测表明,c-Ets1可以抑制BCR-ABL基因mRNA的表达;Western blot检测显示c-Ets1可以抑制p210蛋白的表达;转染c-Ets1后细胞的生长抑制率为(25.52±6.75)%;BCR-ABL启动子区存在c-Ets1的潜在作用靶点。结论 c-Ets1可以抑制K562细胞BCR-ABL基因及p210的表达,进而抑制细胞的增殖。     

Miniaturized flow cytometry-based BCR-ABL immunoassay in detecting leptomeningeal disease

Despite central nervous system (CNS) prophylactic programs limit leptomeningeal involvement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), it can still occur in a restricted percentage of cases. The exact risk rate remains still unknown, and several factors are associated with an increased probability to develop CNS involvement. Among them, Philadelphia (Ph)-positive genotype seems to play a relevant role. Recently, a flow cytometric assay to detect BCR-ABL protein has been developed, but little is known about its possible employment in leptomeningeal disease. Here, we show the miniaturized application of the original assay for BCR-ABL oncoprotein detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples.     

慢性粒细胞白血病对BCR-ABL酪氨酸激酶 靶向抑制剂的耐药机制

BCR-ABL酪氨酸激酶抑制剂靶向治疗慢性粒细胞白血病（chronic myeloid leukemia, CML)能够达到良好的临床效应,然而随着其临床广泛应用,对其产生耐药逐渐增多。CML细胞多药耐药是目前导致化疗失败,缓解率降低,疾病复发的主要原因。本文就CML对BCR-ABL酪氨酸激酶靶向抑制剂耐药的主要机制进行了阐述。     

Development of novel benzotriazines for drug discovery

Background: The synthesis of novel benzotriazine heterocycles was developed independently around the same time by Bischler, Bamberger and Arndt. Over the years, different groups have reported the synthesis of benzotriazine based compounds. Objective: This literature review gives an update on recent benzotriazine compounds and their applications. Conclusion: The benzotriazine core has been used in various drug discovery projects including anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antimalarial programs. Recently, the benzotriazine core was used to develop selective kinase inhibitors targeting SRC, VEGFr2, BCR-ABL and BCR-ABL-T315I. Two benzotriazine based compounds, tirapazamine for the treatment of cancer and TG100801 for the treatment of age-related macular degeneration, have entered clinical trials.     

Novel approaches to the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and their role in the fight against cancer

Introduction: Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors are currently one of the most important classes of cancer drugs and one of the most impressive approaches of targeted cancer therapy. Aberrant activation of tyrosine kinase pathways is among the most dysregulated molecular pathways in human cancers; therefore, a large number of tyrosine kinases may serve as valuable molecular targets. To date, several inhibitors of tyrosine kinases have been approved and there are hundreds more compounds that are in various stages of development. Because of the deregulation in human malignancies, the ABL1, SRC, the epidermal growth factor receptor and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor kinases are among the protein kinases that are considered as prime molecular targets for selective inhibition.

Areas covered: This review focuses on most important small-molecule inhibitors that serve as a model for future development. They also provide a broad overview of some of the new approaches and challenges in the field.

Expert opinion: With the exception of a few malignancies seemingly driven by a limited number of genetic lesions, current targeted therapeutic approaches have shown only limited efficacy in advanced cancers. Consequently, more sophisticated strategies, such as identification of pathogenic ‘driver' mutations and optimization of personalized therapies are needed.