血流限制训练改善认知功能的机制及应用方案

背景：血流限制训练是阻力训练领域的一种新型训练方式,血流限制训练在对肌肉力量、质量和躯体能力产生影响的同时可以诱导激活神经可塑性和认知功能等相关信号通路。然而,目前的研究尚未系统综述血流限制训练对不同人群认知能力的影响,对血流限制训练改善认知功能的神经生物学机制缺乏全面认识,且对血流限制训练的应用方案尚不完全清楚。目的：对国内外现有的血流限制训练对不同人群认知功能影响的试验研究进行梳理,深度剖析潜在的神经生物学机制,归纳总结以往研究应用血流限制训练改善认知功能的合理性方案,旨在为安全有效地应用该技术提供理论支撑和实践指导。方法：计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science和中国知网等数据库,检索时间设定为各数据库建库至2022年10月,中文检索词包括“血流限制训练、加压训练、血流限制疗法、血流限制、加压血流阻滞训练、血流阻滞、认知功能、认知能力”,英文检索词包括“Blood Flow Restricting Therapy,KAATSU training,KAATSU volume,Resistance training,BFR Therapy,BFRT,Blood Flow ...     

Effect of Vacuum Heat Treatment on the Element Diffusion Behavior and Corrosion Resistance of Al2O3-3wt.%TiO2 Coating of Q235 Steel

In this study, we address the effect of vacuum heat treatment on the morphology of Al₂O₃-3wt.%TiO₂ coating, element diffusion behavior, coating hardness, and corrosion resistance. The pores, cracks, and non-liquefied particles on the as-heat treated coating surface of the vacuum-heat-treated coating were observed and compared with the as-sprayed coating using a scanning electron microscope. The diffusion behavior of the elements in the coating was demonstrated by using a line scanning of a cross-section of the coating. Hardness and corrosion-resistance test results were used to judge the effect of a vacuum heat treatment on the coating. The research results show that compared with atmospheric heat treatment, the vacuum heat treatment had less effect on the pores, cracks, and non-liquefied particles on the surface of the coating. However, in the absence of new oxide formation, the pores and cracks in the cross-section of the coating were significantly improved by the vacuum heat treatment. The surface hardness and corrosion resistance of the coating were significantly improved. The crack defects were eliminated, and the uniformity of TiO₂ distribution was improved, which are the main factors that improved the coating performance after vacuum heat treatment. The combination of the coating and the substrate is strengthened, and an Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ interdiffusion zone is formed when the coating undergoes vacuum heat treatment, which is the main mechanism improving the performance of the AT3 coating.     

Influence of Basalt Fibers on the Crack Resistance of Asphalt Mixtures and Mechanism Analysis

The paper aims to investigate the influence of basalt fiber (BF) on the crack resistance of the asphalt mixture and conduct a mechanical analysis. First, two typical asphalt mixtures, namely AC-13 and SMA-13, were designed. The impact of BF on the mixture design results was analyzed. Then, several macroscopic tests, namely the four-point bending test, indirect tensile test, and semicircular bending test (SCB), were conducted to assess the effect of BF on the cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures. Finally, the influence of BF on the cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures was analyzed based on an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) observation. The results show that: (1) BF increases the optimal asphalt content of AC13 and decreases the optimal asphalt content of SMA-13, which is caused by the different asphalt-absorption capacity of BF and lignin fiber (LF). (2) BF enhances both the fatigue crack resistance and temperature crack resistance of asphalt mixtures. The enhancement on the SMA-13 is more significant, indicating that the enhancement of BF on asphalt mixtures is related to the type of aggregate gradation. (3) BFs in the asphalt mixture lap each other to form a spatial network structure. Such structure can effectively improve the crack resistance of the mixture by dispersing the load stress and preventing the flow of asphalt mastic. The study results provide an effective method to design crack-resistant asphalt mixtures.     

Pavement Texture–Friction Relationship Establishment via Image Analysis Methods

Pavement surface texture is one of the prevailing factors for friction realization on pavement surfaces. In this paper, an overview of pavement texture properties related to the pavement frictional response is given. Image analysis methods used for pavement texture characterization are thoroughly analyzed together with their potential for the establishment of a pavement texture–friction relationship. Digital pavement surface models derived from photogrammetry or laser scanning methods enable the extraction of texture parameters comparable to the ones acquired by common pavement surface measuring techniques. This paper shows the results of a preliminary small-scale research study of the pavement texture–friction relationship. This research was performed in a laboratory which produced asphalt samples, primarily to analyze the potential of developing a methodology for the digital pavement texture model setup. Furthermore, the relationship between selected 2D texture parameters calculated from the digital texture model and measured friction coefficient expressed as SRT value was analyzed. A significant correlation was established for standard texture indicator mean profile depth (MPD) and SRT values (R = 0.81). Other texture parameters showed moderate correlation with the frictional response of the surface, with absolute values of correlation coefficients varying from 0.7 to 0.75. A further analysis of this relationship will be performed by inclusion of other texture parameters that can be determined from the digital texture model acquired by the established methodology.     

TNF-α在非酒精性脂肪性肝病中的作用及其机制

肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)是介导肝损伤的主要细胞因子,除对肝细胞的直接作用外,还可通过促进胰岛素抵抗和游离脂肪酸含量的增高,加强葡萄糖毒性和脂毒性造成的肝损害,从而在非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)发病中具有重要作用。     

呼吸过滤器对肺通气功能检查结果的影响

目的探讨呼吸过滤器对肺通气功能检查结果的影响。方法采用随机交叉对照的方法,对50例常规功能检查的受试者进行试验,比较应用与不应用呼吸过滤器测定肺通气功能的差异。结果应用Cosmed过滤器后,FVC、FEV1、PEF的测定值均比不用过滤器时有所下降,其平均差异分别为(-75.42±134.20)ml(P=0.011)、(-66.67±99.11)ml(P=0.003)和(-260.42±319.76)ml/s(P=0.001),其余指标均无明显变化。应用Microgard过滤器后,FVC、PEF、FEF200-1200的测定值较不用过滤器时下降,其平均差异分别为(-72.31±157.84)ml(P=0.028)、(-425.38±488.81)ml/s(P=0.0001)和(-193.08±371.5)ml/s(P=0.014),其余指标均无明显变化。应用Cosmed和Microgard过滤器对肺通气功能指标无显著影响。结论Cosmed和Microgard呼吸过滤器均引起呼气流速与容量的减小,然而这种差异很小,在通气功能指标的个体重复性变化范围内,并不会影响临床肺功能的诊断与评级。     

尿路感染病原菌的分布及耐药性调查

目的 了解近年来医院尿路感染病原菌的种类及对抗生素的耐药状况。方法 统计分析2002-2004年两家医院门诊及住院患者的尿培养与药敏结果。结果 3年间尿培养总计I921例,检出病原菌546株,平均阳性率为28．4％;尿路感染病原菌以大肠埃希氏菌、肠杆菌科和葡萄球菌为主,其中金黄色葡萄球菌所致尿路感染的比例呈逐年上升趋势。在检出病原菌中,革兰阴性菌对第三代头孢菌素、氟喹诺酮类、氨基糖甙类抗生素敏感;阳性菌对万古霉索、呋喃妥因、替考拉宁显示较高抗菌活性。结论 尿路感染病原菌的变迁及耐药性的增强是抗生素作用下细菌适应生存的必然结果。针对其耐药机理采取更为准确的检验方法及合理使用抗生素是尿路感染诊断和治疗的有效途径。     

山奈酚通过抑制NLRP3炎症小体介导的脂肪组织炎症改善db/db小鼠胰岛素抵抗发生

目的：探讨山奈酚能否通过调控肥胖小鼠脂肪组织炎症改善胰岛素抵抗发生并研究作用机制。方法：db/m小鼠作为对照组,db/db雄性小鼠随机分为模型组、二甲双胍组(0.15 g·kg^-1·d^-1)和山奈酚组(50 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)。连续灌胃给药6周,每周记录小鼠体重,6周后进行葡萄糖耐量试验、胰岛素耐量试验、皮下和附睾白色脂肪组织质量测定;HE染色观察脂肪组织形态学变化,免疫组化法观察巨噬细胞向脂肪组织的浸润程度及巨噬细胞标志物F4/80的表达,实时荧光定量PCR检测TNF-α和IL-18以及Arg-1和IL-10的mRNA表达,蛋白质免疫印迹试验检测NLRP3、pro-caspase1、cle-caspase1和IL-1β表达。结果：与模型组相比,山奈酚能够显著抑制db/db小鼠脂肪质量增加,抑制脂肪细胞肥大。山奈酚组小鼠脂肪组织巨噬细胞浸润减少,TNF-α和IL-18 mRNA表达减少,Arg-1和IL-10 mRNA表达增加;山奈酚治疗能够抑制小鼠附睾脂肪组织NLRP3、caspase1以及...     

Extensively Drug-Resistant Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Medical Tourism from the United States to Mexico, 2018–2019

Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) producing the Verona integron‒encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM) are highly antimicrobial drug-resistant pathogens that are uncommon in the United States. We investigated the source of VIM-CRPA among US medical tourists who underwent bariatric surgery in Tijuana, Mexico. Cases were defined as isolation of VIM-CRPA or CRPA from a patient who had an elective invasive medical procedure in Mexico during January 2018‒December 2019 and within 45 days before specimen collection. Whole-genome sequencing of isolates was performed. Thirty-eight case-patients were identified in 18 states; 31 were operated on by surgeon 1, most frequently at facility A (27/31 patients). Whole-genome sequencing identified isolates linked to surgeon 1 were closely related and distinct from isolates linked to other surgeons in Tijuana. Facility A closed in March 2019. US patients and providers should acknowledge the risk for colonization or infection after medical tourism with highly drug-resistant pathogens uncommon in the United States.     

Emergence of Difficult-to-Treat Tinea Corporis Caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes Complex Isolates,Paris, France

We describe 7 cases of extensive tinea corporis since 2018 in a hospital in Paris, France, after failure to cure with terbinafine. Molecular analysis indicated Trichophyton mentagrophytes internal transcribed spacer type VIII (T. indotineae). This strain, which has mutations in the squalene epoxidase gene, is spreading on the Indian subcontinent.