代谢综合征患者血清Apelin水平增高

探讨代谢综合征(MS)患者血清Apelin的变化.用ELISA法测定血清Apelin.MS组Apelin明显升高(P＜0.01),2型糖尿病MS组Apelin明显高于糖调节受损MS组和超重或肥胖者[(475.8±37.3对451.5±54.3及430.3±52.1)ng/L,P＜0.01].多元逐步回归分析显示,胰岛素抵抗、体重指数和总胆固醇是Apelin独立相关因素.MS多种代谢组分异常与Apelin升高密切相关,可能是胰岛素抵抗加重所致.     

Lowered circulating apelin is significantly associated with an increased risk for hypertension: A meta-analysis

Background and Objective: Apelin is a bioactive peptide manifesting a potent vasodilatory property. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate for the first time whether circulating apelin differed significantly between hypertensive patients and normotensive controls. Methods: Both PubMed and Embase were searched for eligible articles. Eligibility evaluation and data collection were done independently by two investigators. Weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated under random-effects model by STATA. Results: Ten studies were synthesized finally, including 1610 patients and 1105 controls. Overall analysis revealed that circulating apelin was significantly lowered in patients than in controls (WMD = ?39.85 pg/mL, 95% CI: ?65.56 to ?14.15; P = 0.002), with significant heterogeneity (I² = 89.4%). By race, patients had lower circulating apelin than controls in Caucasian populations (WMD = ?79.82 pg/mL, 95% CI: ?105.80 to ?53.85; P < 0.001), without heterogeneity (I²=0.0%), while no significance was observed in Chinese and African-Americans. Further grouping studies by source of controls found a significant reduction in circulating apelin in studies with hospital-based controls (WMD = ?96.28 pg/mL, 95% CI: ?129.67 to ?62.88; P < 0.001) (I² = 49.4%), but not in studies with population-based controls. Conclusions: Via a meta-analysis of 10 studies and on 2715 subjects, our findings demonstrated that lowered circulating apelin was significantly associated with an increased risk for hypertension, especially in Caucasian populations.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清Apelin表达水平与Gensini评分的相关性研究

目的:探讨急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者血清Apelin表达水平及其与Gensini评分的相关性。方法:75例ACS患者分为不稳定型心绞痛(UA)组28例,急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(NSTEMI)组11例,急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)组36例,另取13例冠状动脉造影正常者作为对照组。采用Elisa法检测各组血清Apelin表达水平并进行比较,冠状动脉病变程度评分采用Gensini评分系统,分析Apelin表达水平与Gensini评分的关系。结果:Apelin水平从高到低依次为:对照组[(346.38±61.93)ng/L]、UA组[(231.37±67.28)ng/L]、NSTEMI组[(146.59±73.77)ng/L]和STEMI组[(93.46±42.40)ng/L],4组间两两比较均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。相关性检验显示,Apelin表达水平与Gensini评分成负相关(r=-0.426,P<0.001)。结论:血清Apelin水平可能参与了ACS的病理生理过程,其水平越低,冠状动脉病变程度越严重。     

代谢综合征患者血清Apelin水平的变化

目的:探讨代谢综合征(MS)患者血清Apelin水平的变化。方法:69例MS患者和63例正常糖调节(NGR)者,采用酶联免疫吸附法测定空腹血清Apelin含量,同时检测空腹血糖和胰岛素水平,以稳态模型评价胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果:MS组血清Apelin水平明显升高,确诊2型糖尿病MS组明显高于糖调节受损的MS组(475.8±37.3vs451.5±54.7)ng/L(P<0.05)和超重/肥胖者(475.8±37.3vs430.3±52.1)ng/L(P<0.01),且均高于NC组。多元逐步回归分析结果示:ln(HOMA-IR)、BMI和TC是血清Apelin独立相关因素(r2分别为0.459、0.494、0.293,均P<0.05)。结论:MS中多种代谢成分异常与血清Apelin升高密切相关,其可能是由于胰岛素抵抗加重所致。     

The prediction roles of asymmetric dimethyl-arginine,adiponectin and apelin for macroangiopathy in patients with impaired glucose regulation

Purpose

To investigate the effects of asymmetric dimethyl-arginine (ADMA), adiponectin (APN) and apelin in predicting macroangiopathy in impaired glucose regulation (IGR) patients.

Methods

A total of 210 patients undergoing oral glucose tolerance test were included in this study. They were classified to normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 42), impaired fasting glucose (IFG, n = 36), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n = 92, including 44 IGT1 and 48 IGT2 patients) and IFG + IGT (n = 40) groups. APN, apelin and ADMA levels, blood pressure, blood lipid, insulin, body mass index (BMI), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were detected. The severity and extent of coronary atherosclerosis were determined by the Gensini score.

Results

The prevalence of coronary heart disease and Gensini scores in IGT and IFG + IGT groups were similar but both were higher than NGT and IFG groups (all P < 0.05). Lower APN, higher ADMA and apelin levels were witnessed in IGT and IGT + IFG groups compared with NGT and IFG groups (all P < 0.05). IGT2 group had higher 2-h PG and apelin levels and Gensini scores but lower APN levels than IGT1 group (all P < 0.05). Gensini score was positively correlated with apelin (r = 0.669) and ADMA (r = 0.764), but were negatively correlated with APN (r = –0.555, all P < 0.001). ADMA and APN were the independent factors affecting Gensini score.

Conclusion

ADMA and APN levels could be predictive factors for macroangiopathy in IGR patients, especially in IGT cases.     

Associação entre os Níveis Séricos de Elabela e Oclusão Total Crônica em Pacientes com Angina Pectoris Estável

Background:The beneficial effects of Elabela on the cardiovascular system have been shown in studies.Objective:To compare serum Elabela levels of chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients with control patients with normal coronary arteries, and to investigate whether there is a correlation with collateral development.Methods:The study was planned cross-sectionally and prospectively. Fifty patients (28.0% female, mean age 61.6±7.3years) with CTO in at least one coronary vessel and 50 patients (38% female, mean age 60,7±6.38 years) with normal coronary arteries were included in the study. Patients in the CTO group were divided into two groups as Rentrop 0-1, those with weak collateral development, and Rentrop 2-3 with good collateral development. In addition to the age, sex, demographic characteristics and routine laboratory tests of the patients, Elabela levels were measured.Results:Demographic characteristics and laboratory values were similar in both groups. While the mean NT-proBNP and troponin were higher in the CTO group, the Elabela mean was lower (p <0.05 for all). In the multivariate regression analysis, NT-proBNP and Elabela levels were found to be independent predictors for CTO. Also, Elabela level was found to be statistically higher in Rentrop class 2-3 patients compared to Rentrop class 0-1 patients (p<0.05).Conclusion:In our study, we showed that the average Elabela level was low in CTO patients compared to normal patients. In addition, we found the level of Elabela to be lower in patients with weak collateral development compared to patients with good collateral development.     

Down-regulation of cardiac apelin system in hypertrophied and failing hearts: Possible role of angiotensin II-angiotensin type 1 receptor system

Cardiac apelin has recently been suggested to contribute to the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) in humans. In animal experiments, its infusion acutely improved systolic as well as diastolic LV function. Although its deficit could critically determine the cardiac dysfunction, its regulatory mechanism is unknown. Accordingly, we investigated the role and regulation of the cardiac apelin system in the diseased heart using Dahl salt-sensitive rats, which show a distinctive transition from compensatory LV hypertrophy (LVH) to HF. In the compensatory LVH stage, apelin and its receptor APJ mRNA showed no change compared with control animals, while these were markedly down-regulated in the HF stage (72% and 57% decrease, respectively). The rats were chronically treated with telmisartan (angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker [ARB], 5 mg/kg/day, n=9), ONO-4817 (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP] inhibitor, 200 mg/kg/day, n=9), bisoprolol (beta blocker, 3 mg/kg/day, n=6) or vehicle (0.5%CMC, n=9) from the LVH stage. Although the functional improvements were similar among the three treated groups 6 weeks after treatment, restoration of cardiac apelin and APJ expression was observed only in the ARB group. Furthermore, in angiotensin II-infused rats, cardiac apelin mRNA was decreased after 24 h of treatment and its restoration was achieved by treatment with ARB. These results indicate that the cardiac apelin system is markedly down-regulated in experimental HF and may be regulated by the angiotensin II-angiotensin type 1 receptor system directly. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system may have beneficial effects, at least in part, through restoration of the cardiac apelin system in the treatment of HF.     

Pyr1-apelin-13对大鼠心肌成纤维细胞AMPK/mTOR自噬信号和氧化应激损伤的影响

目的探讨Pyr¹-apelin-13对于大鼠心肌成纤维细胞自噬和氧化应激的影响及其作用机制。方法提取新生大鼠心肌成纤维细胞(CFs),给与血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ),Pyr¹-apelin-13,雷帕霉素干预,使用Western blot法和免疫荧光技术检测自噬信号分子,使用DHE法检测氧自由基生成,观察Pyr¹-apelin-13在AMPK/mTOR通路中的作用。结果在体外培养的CFs细胞中,AngⅡ刺激通过上调P62和磷酸化mTOR抑制自噬水平,伴有LC3II、Beclin-1和磷酸化AMPK降低及氧化应激水平增高;而Pyr¹-apelin-13或雷帕霉素干预后逆转AngⅡ介导的自噬下调,表现为LC3II/I、Beclin-1和磷酸化AMPK水平上升,P62表达和磷酸化mTOR下降,细胞氧化应激损伤减轻。结论Pyr¹-apelin-13可通过调控大鼠心肌成纤维细胞AMPK/mTOR自噬信号发挥其抗氧化和促自噬的细胞保护功效。     

Apelin and APLN single nucleotide polymorphisms and combined hypertension and central retinal artery stenosis in a Chinese population

Abstract

Apelin activity plays a role in regulating blood pressure. This study explored the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Apelin gene (APLN) with hypertension and hypertension with central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) stenosis in a coastal Chinese population. All subjects answered an epidemiological survey for demographic and disease characteristics. Apelin levels were determined and three APLN SNPs, rs56204867, rs3115757, and rs3761581, were evaluated. CRAE was measured using fundus photography. Apelin levels were significantly lower in subjects with hypertension and hypertension with CRAE stenosis (0.23?±?0.10?ng/ml and 0.21?±?0.08?ng/ml, respectively) compared with control subjects (0.25?±?0.11?ng/ml; p?<?0.001). Linear regression analysis showed hypertension and hypertension with CRAE stenosis was associated with age, being male, systolic blood pressure, abnormal blood lipids, and Apelin levels. Genetic analysis indicated that in both males and females SNP rs3761581 was associated with hypertension and that more males carrying rs56204867 and rs3761581?T-A haplotype had hypertension (61.88%) and hypertension with CRAE stenosis (56.82%) than control males (39.33%). In this Chinese population, Apelin and APLN SNP rs3761581 was associated with combined hypertension with CRAE, indicating that the expression of APLN gene products may be involved in vascular injury.     

Plasma apelin levels,blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors in a coastal Chinese population

Abstract

Objectives. To describe the relationship of plasma apelin levels with blood pressure in a coastal Chinese population.

Methods. This cross-sectional study included a total of 1031 subjects from the coastal areas of China. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and linear trend test, Pearson's correlation analysis, as well as multivariate linear regression analysis were used to evaluate the association between plasma apelin levels and blood pressure.

Results. Plasma apelin levels dropped with increasing quartiles of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) (all P < 0.001). SBP, DBP, and MABP values decreased as the apelin levels increased within the quartiles. After adjusting for age and gender, the significant differences in SBP, DBP, and MABP between the groups within the apelin quartiles remained (all P < 0.05). A significant negative correlation between SBP, DBP, as well as MABP and apelin levels was observed (all P < 0.01); even after adjusting for cardiovascular confounding factors, this negative correlation remained (all P < 0.001).

Conclusion. A negative correlation between plasma apelin levels and blood pressure was found in this 1000-population-based epidemiological study. Apelin may become a potential therapeutic target of anti-hypertensive treatment.