Anxiolytic-like effects of yohimbine in the murine plus-maze: strain independence and evidence against α2-adrenoceptor mediation

The influence of ₂-adrenoceptor antagonists in animal models of anxiety is quite inconsistent, with results spanning the full range of effect from anxiogenesis to anxiolysis. In the present study, an ethological technique was used to examine the effects of yohimbine (0.5–4.0 mg/kg) on plus-maze behaviour in DBA/2 mice. Results indicated significantanxiolytic-like effects on standard spatiotemporal measures at 2.0–4.0 mg/kg, and on risk assessment measures across the entire dose range. Full-scale follow-up studies with T1 and BALB/c strains confirmed that this action of yohimbine in the murine plus-maze is not peculiar to DBA/2 mice. The more selective ₂-adrenoceptor antagonist, idazoxan (0.63–5.0 mg/kg), exerted much weaker behavioural effects in the maze while the ₂-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine (0.01–0.1 mg/kg), produced a profile consistent with non-specific behavioural disruption. Data are discussed in relation to the possible involvement of 5-HT_1A receptor mechanisms in the observed anxiolytic-like effects of yohimbine in the murine plus-maze.     

研究中学男生吸烟与其他危害健康问题的相互作用

目的：研究吸烟青少年与其他危害健康行为情绪的关系。方法：采用无记名问卷调查1358名中学男生吸烟状况以及其他危害行为,同时评定了焦虑、抑郁症状。结果：中学男生近一个月吸烟率、每日吸烟率分别为14．9％和5．8％,成瘾学生3．8％。Logistic回归分析表明,饮酒、打架斗殴、携带防身刀具、不健康的控制体重行为、学习成绩落后,以及抑郁症状与吸烟有影响。结论：吸烟行为与其他危害健康行为互为关联。     

Dose-response relationship for oral idazoxan effects in healthy human subjects: comparison with oral yohimbine

The effects of oral administration of the ₂ adrenergic receptor antagonists idazoxan (20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg) and yohimbine (20 mg) were compared using a placebo-controlled within-subjects design. Healthy subjects completed 5 test days during which medication effects on mood and anxiety states, physiologic indices, plasma cortisol levels, and plasma levels of the norepinephrine metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) were assessed. Idazoxan dose-dependently increased plasma MHPG, plasma cortisol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and Panic Attack Symptom Scale scores in healthy subjects. Overall, yohimbine and idazoxan produced a similar pattern of behavioral and neuroendocrine responses. Since idazoxan possesses relatively greater receptor specificity compared to yohimbine, it may be a more useful ₂ antagonist in humans.     

私立学校初一新生焦虑和抑郁状况

目的探讨私立学校初中新生的情绪状况及性别差异,为开展心理健康教育提供依据.方法采用Zung氏焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS),对青岛市某私立学校初一新生228人进行整群抽样测查,匹配市区公立学校初一新生239人作同期对照,并做统计分析.结果观察组有15.79%处于焦虑状态(女生检出率较高),高于对照组(9.21%),差异有显著性(χ2=4.65,P＜0.05);观察组SAS均分高于对照组及常模,其中独生子女SAS均分高于对照组(P＜0.05).观察组中23.25%处于抑郁状态(男生检出率高),明显低于对照组(32.22%)(χ2=4.67,P＜0.05),但SDS均分不低于对照组.焦虑和抑郁同时存在率也以观察组较高(12.28%),与对照组差异有显著性(χ2=4.27,P＜0.05).结论私立学校初一新生存在以女生为主的较高焦虑检出率、以独生子女为主的较高焦虑水平以及以男生为主的抑郁检出率和较高抑郁水平,社会、学校和家庭要根据中学生的年龄和性别特点开展心理健康教育工作.     

Behavioural inhibition: A predictor of anxiety

Anxiety disorders are prevalent and contribute to emotional suffering and significant economic loss. Early identification and treatment are essential, not only to reduce the associated morbidity, disability and mortality of the anxiety disorders themselves, but also to minimize development of frequent comorbidities such as depression and substance abuse. To understand the factors that increase susceptibility to developing anxiety disorders, a temperamental construct called behavioural inhibition, which refers to the consistent tendency of some children to demonstrate fear and withdrawal in novel situations, has been developed. The present article reviews studies investigating this model as a premorbid predictor of those at risk for developing anxiety disorders, including prospective studies of children at risk as well as retrospective and family studies. In summary, these data suggest the usefulness of this model and a need for further research to determine the optimal management of behaviourally inhibited children as a potential way to prevent adult psychopathology.     

唐山市不同类型学校高中生心理健康状况分析

目的探讨重点高中、普通高中、职业高中3类学校高中生心理健康状况的差异,为心理健康教育提供依据。方法采用《心理健康诊断测验(MHT-RC)》量表对唐山市重点、普通、职业3类学校高中生1 860名进行调查分析。结果3类学校高中生心理健康状况表现出明显的差异。重点学校高中生心理健康水平明显优于普通、职业学校高中生;普通与职业学校高中生心理健康水平较为接近,但也存在着某些方面的差异,普通学校高中生有较强的冲动、孤独倾向,职业学校高中生有较高的学习焦虑和恐怖倾向;3类学校高中生自责倾向、过敏倾向问题都比较突出。结论普通高中、职业高中学生是焦虑发生的高危人群,应重视普通高中、职业高中学生的心理健康教育。     

妊娠期异常情绪与围生期结局相关性探讨

目的:探讨妊娠期异常情绪与围生期结局的相关性。方法:对妊娠24～28周开始在该院进行产前检查及分娩的孕妇215例进行对照研究。应用汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定孕妇的情绪状态。据HAMA评定结果将研究对象分为两组,即焦虑组(观察组37例)及非焦虑组(对照组178例),以探讨不良情绪对围生期结局的影响。结果:①具有焦虑症状孕妇37例(17.21%),无焦虑症状者178例(82.79%),观察组孕妇HAMA及HAMD总分、GST(50g糖筛查)值显著升高,妊娠期糖尿病患者亦显著增多,与焦虑和抑郁情绪呈正相关(P<0.05);②两组分娩方式有显著性差异,观察组剖宫产者率显著增多,与焦虑和抑郁情绪呈正相关(P<0.05);③观察组新生儿体重显著降低,并发症显著增多,与焦虑和抑郁情绪呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论:妊娠期焦虑、抑郁等异常情绪与围生期结局有正相关关系。     

产前健康教育对孕产妇焦虑和分娩的影响

目的:探讨产前健康教育对孕产妇心理、生理及分娩方式的影响,以便制定有效的心理支持措施。方法:在门诊经特质焦虑问卷筛选出评分在40分以上的孕妇160例,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组80例。对实验组进行系统的产前健康教育。结果:两组血压随着产程的进展而增高(P<0.05),对照组血压增变幅度较实验组大;且产前、产后有焦虑症状者显著增加(P<0.01),实验组较对照组焦虑程度低;实验组顺产率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),剖宫产率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:焦虑症状随着孕程进展明显加重,有效的产前健康教育可以明显的缓解孕妇在这一阶段的焦虑心理,同时提高正常产率,降低剖宫产率。     

复吸预防的综合干预措施对吸毒患者焦虑症状的疗效评价

目的:促进吸毒者戒毒后的身心康复,减缓吸毒者的焦虑症状,提高操守率、延长操守时间.方法:对干预组实施一个月的综合干预,内容包括:讲授与讨论毒品的有关知识、成功防复吸的要素、自我暗示和自我激励、心理脱敏和集体讨论等.干预前后分别对干预组和对照组进行焦虑症状调查.结果:干预前后干预组SAS平均得分差值明显高于对照组(P=0.0220,＜0.05).结论:该综合干预方案能够有效降低吸毒者的焦虑症状,加速脱毒病人的身心康复,对预防脱毒后复吸有一定的意义.     

米氮平对海洛因依赖者脱毒期及脱毒后焦虑抑郁及渴求的影响

目的:了解米氮平对海洛因依赖者脱毒期及脱毒后的焦虑抑郁及心理渴求影响的疗效.方法:对符合DSM-Ⅳ阿片类依赖诊断标准的患者在美沙酮(MTD)脱毒治疗时随机抽取50例MTD联合米氮平治疗(A组)和50例MTD加安慰剂治疗(B组),进行对比观察.使用HAMD,HAMA及心理渴求自评量表来评定两组病人治疗前后的焦虑抑郁及心理渴求的情况.结果:MTD联合米氮平治疗组较MTD联合安慰剂治疗组焦虑抑郁及心理渴求评分明显减少,且差异显著(P＜0.01).结论:米氮平可有效的减轻海洛因依赖者在脱毒期及脱毒后的焦虑抑郁及心理渴求.