Partial restoration of hair growth in the DEBR model for Alopecia areata after in vivo depletion of CD4+ T cells

Alopecia areata (AA) is widely believed to be an autoimmune disease. Hair loss is associated with a peri- and intrafollicular inflammatory infiltrate of anagen hair follicles primarily composed of CD4 + and CD8 + cells. A previous investigation involved in vivo depletion of CD8 + cells in the DEBR rat model to examine the cells' potential pathogenic activity in AA. The rat model is used here in a comparable study of CD4 + cell pathogenic activity. Eight AA affected DEBR rats were given intraperitoneal injections of a CD4 + cell depleting OX-35/OX-38 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) cocktail over a 15-day therapy course. A further eight AA-affected rats comprised a control group and were injected with equivalent volumes of an irrelevant MoAb, OX-21. Changes in both CD4 + and CD8 + peripheral blood cell populations were analysed by flow cytometry, and macrophotography was used to record any changes in hair growth. Of the eight CD4 + cell-depleted rats six responded with hair growth. The rats revealed significant hair growth within 23 days of treatment initiation. With rapid replacement of the CD4 + cell population the newly generated pelage hair was eventually lost. Two control rats also showed limited hair growth within the 112-day study period. In vivo depletion of CD4 + cells partially restores hair growth in AA affected rats. The response suggests that CD4 + cells may be actively involved in the pathogenesis of AA. Further research may elucidate whether CD4 + cells have a direct effect on hair follicles or exert their influence through their classic T helper cell supporting role for CD8 + cells.     

Effect of Pentagastrin on Regional Gastric Blood Flow in Conscious Cats

Total gastric flow studies indicated that a transient, considerable flow increase was followed by a more moderate increase of total gastric flow during pentagastrin stimulation in anesthetized cats. In conscious cats regional gastric flow studies, using hydrogen clearance techniques, suggested that raised flow to the corpus region during the stimulation period was accompanied by a moderate decrease of antral flow.     

大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间胃窦粘膜G、D细胞变化的免疫组织化学研究

本实验用成年雄性Wistar大鼠53只,分为溃疡组、盐水对照组和正常对照组。在手术后4、10,14、21及28天分批取材。用Sternberger PAP法进行免疫组织化学染色,分别显示胃窦粘膜胃泌素细胞(G细胞)和生长抑素细胞(D细胞),观察大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈期间,G和D细胞的形态变化,并进行了细胞计数和统计学分析。本文结果表示,溃疡组G细胞数量在术后10至14天明显增多(P<0.01),21、28天趋于减少,但仍高于对照组。有些G细胞排列成群,密集呈明显带状。正常时G细胞分布在幽门腺的中、下1/3处,而溃疡组可见有些G细胞分布在腺的上部。D细胞数量仅在术后10天增多(P<0.01),与正常对照组相比差异显著。用免疫组织化学双重染色法,可见G细胞和D细胞之间存在着形态上的接触。溃疡自愈期间,G/D细胞比值未见明显改变。本实验结果提示,胃窦粘膜局部G、D细胞的变化和大鼠实验性胃溃疡自愈修复之间有着一定的联系。     

Expression and activity of microsomal epoxide hydrolase in follicles isolated from mouse ovaries.

Microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) is involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics that are or can form epoxide metabolites, including the ovotoxicant, 4-vinylcyclohexene (VCH). This industrial chemical is bioactivated by hepatic CYP450 to the diepoxide metabolite, VCD, which destroys mouse small preantral follicles (F1). Since ovarian mEH may play a role in VCD detoxification, these studies investigated the expression and activity of mEH in isolated ovarian fractions. Mice were given 1 or 15 daily doses (ip) of VCH (7.4 mmol/kg/day) or VCD (0.57 mmol/kg/day); 4 h following the final dose, ovaries were removed, distinct populations of intact follicles (F1, 25-100 microm; F2, 100-250 microm; F3, > 250 microm) and interstitial cells (Int) were isolated, and total RNA and protein were extracted. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and the substrate cis-stilbene oxide (CSO; 12.5 microM) were used to evaluate expression and specific activity of mEH, respectively. Confocal microscopy evaluated ovarian distribution of mEH protein. Expression of mRNA encoding mEH was increased in F1 (410 +/- 5% VCH; 292 +/- 5% VCD) and F2 (1379 +/- 4% VCH; 381 +/- 11% VCD) follicles following repeated dosing with VCH or VCD. Catalytic activity of mEH increased in F1 follicles following repeated dosing with VCH/VCD (381 +/- 11% VCH; 384 +/- 27% VCD). Visualized by confocal microscopy, mEH protein was distributed throughout the ovary with the greatest staining intensity in the interstitial cells and staining in the theca cells that was increased by dosing (56 +/- 0.8% VCH; 29 +/- 0.9% VCD). We conclude that mEH is expressed and is functional in mouse ovarian follicles. Additionally,in vivo dosing with VCH and VCD affects these parameters.     

小切口剔除毛囊大汗腺保留真皮乳头层血管网治疗腋臭

目的：探讨采用小切口剔除毛囊大汗腺保留真皮乳头层血管网治疗腋臭的方法。方法：术前用美蓝沿腋毛边缘外0.5～1.0 cm画线,标记出手术范围,局部肿胀麻醉。然后按照设计好的切口线沿皮纹内切长约2～2.5cm皮肤切口进行锐性分离,形成带毛囊、汗腺、脂肪及浅筋膜的皮瓣,用眼科剪剪除毛囊和大汗腺等组织,保留真皮乳头层血管网。结果：经术后3个月～1年随访,所有患者腋区皮肤无坏死,瘢痕不明显,治愈率96%。结论：本方法治疗腋臭具有创伤小、恢复快、疗效确切的优点。     

Antral resection versus antral preservation during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for severe obesity: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Although laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is an established operation for severe obesity, there is controversy regarding the extent to which the antrum is excised. The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the effect on perioperative complications and medium-term outcomes of antral resecting versus antral preserving sleeve gastrectomy. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched from 1946 to April 2017. Eligible studies compared antral resection (staple line commencing 2–3 cm from pylorus) with antral preservation (>5 cm from pylorus) in patients undergoing primary sleeve gastrectomy for obesity. Meta-analyses were performed with a random-effects model, and risk of bias within and across studies was assessed using validated scoring systems. Eight studies (619 participants) were included: 6 randomized controlled trials and 2 cohort studies. Overall follow-up was 94% for the specified outcomes of each study. Mean percentage excess weight loss was 62% at 12 months (7 studies; 574 patients) and 67% at 24 months (4 studies; 412 patients). Antral resection was associated with significant improvement in percentage excess weight loss at 24-month follow-up (mean 70% versus 61%; standardized mean difference .95; confidence interval .35–1.58, P<.005), an effect that remained significant when cohort studies were excluded. There was no difference in incidence of perioperative bleeding, leak, or de novo gastroesophageal reflux disease. According to the available evidence, antral resection is associated with better medium-term weight loss compared with antral preservation, without increased risk of surgical complications. Further randomized clinical trials are indicated to confirm this finding.     

经阴道超声监测窦卵泡计数预测超排卵中卵巢低反应的价值

目的探讨促性腺激素释放激素激动剂(GnRHα)短方案超排卵治疗周期中,经阴道超声监测周期第2天窦卵泡计数(cycleday2antralfolliclecount,CD2AFC)及治疗周期第6天的窦卵泡计数(cycleday6antralfolliclecount,CD6AFC)对卵巢低反应的预测价值。方法接受超排卵治疗的不孕症患者86例,年龄和基础FSH水平为我中心行IVF的正常范围。于治疗周期第2天和第6天行经阴道超声检查,测量CD2AFC及CD6AFC。并于当周期行GnRHα短方案超排卵治疗,观察获卵数并根据获卵数判断卵巢反应性,分卵巢反应正常组和低反应组。结果在匹配了年龄和bFSH水平后观察到:卵巢反应低下组CD2AFC、CD6AFC分别为(4.19±1.84)个和(6.47±1.50)个,均显著低于反应正常组的CD2AFC、CD6AFC[分别为(7.00±1.24)个和(10.75±3.11)个(P<0.05和P<0.01)]。据动态窦卵泡计数预测卵巢低反应的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)得出一个判断低反应的界值:CD2AFC<5.5个和CD6AFC<8.5个。CD6AFC是一个比CD2AFC更好的预测卵巢低反应的指标:CD6AFC的ROC曲线下面积较CD2AFC的大,CD6AFC与获卵数的相关性较CD2AFC的好。结论经阴道超声动态监测CD2AFC及CD6AFC可提高GnRHα短方案超排卵治疗患者卵巢低反应的预测率,CD6AFC比CD2AFC有更好的预测价值。动态窦卵泡计数有助于指导临床更合理的选择超排卵治疗用药及更早的取消无效超排卵治疗周期。     

Greater curvature antral flattening: A radiologic sign of NSAID-related gastropathy

We have occasionally encountered patients on nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in whom double contrast barium studies revealed persistent flattening and stiffening of the distal greater curvature of the stomach. We therefore performed a study to determine the frequency of this finding in patients with NSAID-related gastropathy. Twenty-one cases of erosive gastritis, gastric ulcers, and/or gastric scarring associated with a known history of NSAID use were reviewed by two radiologists who made a joint decision regarding the presence or absence of greater curvature antral flattening. This finding was seen radiographically in five of the 21 patients (24%). Four of the five patients with antral flattening had associated erosions or ulcers in the gastric antrum. The remaining patient had antral flattening as an isolated finding. Our experience suggests that flattening of the greater curvature of the distal antrum, particularly if associated with erosive gastritis or gastric ulcers, is a useful radiologic sign of NSAID-related gastropathy.     

前列腺素E2在排卵过程中作用及机制研究进展

前列腺素E_2主要由颗粒细胞合成,是大多数哺乳类动物排卵卵泡中关键的调节分子。排卵过程中,黄体生成激素激增,通过环氧合酶-2和前列腺素合酶诱导颗粒细胞合成前列腺素E_2。前列腺素E_2释放到胞外后,通过结合卵丘颗粒细胞上前列腺素E_2受体2和受体4,诱导丝裂原活化蛋白激酶磷酸化,增加胞内环磷酸腺苷水平,并激活蛋白激酶B和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶通路,促进排卵发生。前列腺素E_2的调控异常与多种排卵障碍性疾病有关,如多囊卵巢综合征和未破裂卵泡黄素化综合征等。     

Prognostic significance of splenic follicle size in splenectomized idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura patients

Summary The prognostic significance of splenic follicle (B-lymphocyte compartment) size was studied in 62 patients splenectomized for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Patients with hyperplasia of splenic follicles (mean follicle diameter >500 m) were more likely to relapse or to develop additional autoimmune disorders than patients without hyperplastic splenic follicles (mean follicle diameter <500 m) (p<0.01). The enlargement of splenic follicles had a positive predictive value of 27% and a negative predictive value of 100% for a poor outcome of splenectomy. Thus, the histological examination of spleens surgically removed for ITP seems to be an appropriate method to obtain the first indication of the possible long-term effect of splenectomy almost immediately after the operation.