纳布啡复合丙泊酚对腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的麻醉效果

目的观察纳布啡复合丙泊酚对腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的麻醉效果,并分析其对患者应激、炎症因子的影响。 方法选择2015年10月至2018年10月,广西壮族自治区人民医院行腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术的182例患者作为研究对象,按随机数字法将其分为2组。研究组患者91例,行钠布啡复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉;对照组患者91例,行芬太尼复合丙泊酚静脉麻醉。对比2组患者的麻醉效果、麻醉起效时间、术后清醒时间以及术后1 d疼痛情况,并通过促甲状腺激素（TSH）与皮质醇（Cor）水平观察患者应激反应,对比炎症因子超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的变化情况。 结果2组患者手术麻醉起效时间与术后清醒时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;研究组的术后1 d疼痛评分显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患者术前1 d的hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）;术后1 d研究组的hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α表达水平均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。2组患者术前1 d的TSH、Cor表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P均>0.05）;术后1 d的TSH表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,术后1d研究组的Cor表达水平均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论纳布啡复合丙泊酚作为腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术麻醉方式能取得较好的麻醉效果,并且能减轻患者术后疼痛,减少应激反应与炎症反应,可作为腹腔镜腹股沟修补术的优选麻醉方式。     

右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼在HPV病变患者子宫切除手术中的麻醉效果及对患者术后清醒时间的影响分析

目的探讨右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼在HPV病变患者子宫切除手术中的麻醉效果及对患者术后清醒时间的影响。方法选取2016年1月～2017年1月我院收治的80例HPV病变患者,将其平均分为两组,对照组采用舒芬太尼进行镇痛,研究组采用右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼进行镇痛。比较两组患者苏醒后的临床指标及不良反应的发生率。结果通过对两组患者术后苏醒期临床指标进行对比分析,研究组患者的镇痛评分、出血量、24 h按压次数、镇静评分、苏醒时间、气管拔管时间等明显优于对照组(P0.05);通过对两组患者的治疗效果进行对比,两组患者在接受治疗后均有明显改善(P0.05),研究组患者治疗后不良反应发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论在HPV病变患者子宫切除手术中,采用右美托咪定联合舒芬太尼对患者进行麻醉,可以提高治疗效果、镇痛以及镇静效果,降低不良反应的发生率,同时还可以缩短患者术后的苏醒时间,值得临床推广使用。     

中子剂量测量及估算方法

随着科技的发展,中子在许多行业得到越来越广泛的应用,在医疗上应用最广泛的是硼中子俘获治疗.但在使用中子辐射的过程中,操作人员可能会受到中子辐射,因此中子剂量的测量和估算问题也就变得重要起来.目前,国内关于中子剂量的研究在有些方面还不是很深人,因此对中子剂量的测量和估算方法进行了归纳和阐述.     

Hemodynamic and catecholamine responses during tracheal intubation using a lightwand device (Trachlight) in elderly patients with hypertension

Purpose.Tracheal intubation using a lightwand device (Trachlight) should minimize hemodynamic change by avoiding direct-vision laryngoscopy. We evaluated hemodynamic and catecholamine responses during tracheal intubation using a Trachlight in elderly patients with hypertension.Methods.Twenty-six hypertensive patients aged over 65 years undergoing orthopedic surgery were randomly divided into two groups, group L (n = 13) and group T (n = 13). Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl (2g·kg^–1) and propofol (1.5mg·kg^–1), and then muscle relaxation was obtained with vecuronium (0.15mg·kg^–1). The trachea was intubated with either a Macintosh laryngoscope (group L) or a Trachlight (group T). Hemodynamics, plasma catecholamine concentrations, and arterial blood gases were measured before the induction of anesthesia (T0), before tracheal intubation (T1), immediately after tracheal intubation (T2), and 3min after tracheal intubation (T3).Results.The intubation time was shorter in group T than in group L (12.6 ± 1.7 vs 23.5 ± 2.9s, mean ± SE; P 0.01). Compared with the preinduction (T0) value, systolic blood pressure (SBP) showed a significant decrease at T1 and T3 in group L and at T1, T2, and T3 in group T. The heart rate (HR) and plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentration showed no change in either group throughout the time course, whereas the plasma epinephrine (E) concentration showed a significant decrease at T2 and T3 in both groups. The mean values of the rate-pressure product (RPP: HR × SBP) were less than 15 000 after tracheal intubation in both groups. There was no significant difference in hemodynamic or catecholamine responses between groups at any point. No patient had ischemic ST-T changes in either group.Conclusion.A lightwand has no advantage over a laryngoscope in terms of hemodynamic and plasma catecholamine responses to tracheal intubation in elderly patients with hypertension, despite a shorter intubation time.     

围术期小儿应激反应因素与调控

目的 小儿围术期应激反应的典型表现是神经内分泌系统、免疫系统和代谢系统的变化.术前焦虑、紧张等心理因素以及麻醉、手术创伤均可影响小儿围术期应激反应,而且应激反应的剧烈程度与围术期并发症的发生率密切相关.目的 通过综述比较,确定更能有效降低小儿围术期应激反应的麻醉药物、麻醉方法和术后镇痛方式.内容 综述小儿围术期应激反应...     

无症状型会厌囊肿围手术期气道管理

背景 术前对困难气道的准确评估,使麻醉医师对患者气道的管理愈加合理及安全.无症状型会厌囊肿会引起难以预测的紧急困难气道,在全身麻醉快速诱导中易导致通气不畅或插管困难,威胁患者生命安全. 目的 讨论这种突发情况的围手术期气道处理,提高对该病的认识,并为临床提供借鉴. 内容 参考国内外无症状型会厌囊肿病例,收集整理近期困难气道的管理方法,完善无症状型会厌囊肿气道处理流程. 趋向 麻醉医师应迅速对患者的紧急情况进行判断,并选择最佳气道管理方案.     

姑息性大动脉调转手术的麻醉管理

目的 总结姑息性大动脉调转手术(palliative arterial switch operation,PASO)的麻醉管理. 方法 回顾性总结分析28例于我院行PASO的完全性大动脉转位合并室间隔缺损(transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect,TGA/VSD)或Taussing-Bing综合征患者的临床资料.28例患者年龄中位数为4岁(1月～25岁),体重中位数为12.5 kg(3.6～43kg),术前均诊断为重度肺动脉高压,术前SpO2波动在44％～91％. 结果 所有患者麻醉过程平稳,平均CPB时间为(223±81) min,平均主动脉阻断时间为(153±32) min.平均室间隔补片留孔大小为(5.3±1.5) mm.术后机械辅助通气时间中位数为36 h(7～408 h),ICU停留时间中位数为5.5 d(2～27 d).术后平均SpO2为(96±2)％,与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).住院死亡5例(18％),余好转出院.出院患者中5例在出院后的1～5年间行介入残余室缺分流堵闭术. 结论 充分的术前准备和评估,平顺的麻醉诱导和维持,围手术期肺动脉高压的处理,早期合理地应用血管活性药物以及出凝血功能的调整,有利于PASO的成功.     

小剂量低浓度盐酸氯普鲁卡因用于老年人骶管麻醉的效果观察

为观察低浓度国产盐酸氯普鲁卡因用于老年人骶管麻醉的临床效果,我们将65～80岁老年肛肠病手术患者60例,随机分为观察组（30例）和对照组（30例）,观察组用1．5％国产盐酸氯普鲁卡因20ml麻醉,对照组用1．0％盐酸利多卡因20ml麻醉。结果显示,观察组麻醉起效时间和痛觉消失时间快于对照组（P〈0．05）;痛觉恢复时间观察组快于对照组（P〈0．05）。两组患者呼吸循环稳定,无不良反应。结果表明,小剂量低浓度国产盐酸氯普鲁卡因用于老年人骶管麻醉安全,且起效快。     

Three concentrations of levobupivacaine for ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric nerve block in ambulatory pediatric surgery

Study ObjectiveTo compare the postoperative analgesia of three different concentrations of levobupivacaine for ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric (II/IH) block in children undergoing inguinal hernia repair.DesignDouble-blind, prospective, randomized, controlled trial.SettingOperating room and postoperative recovery area of a university hospital.Patients73 ASA physical status I and II children, aged one to 6 years, scheduled for outpatient inguinal hernia repair.InterventionsPatients were randomized to receive one of three levobupivacaine concentrations: 0.125% (L0.125), 0.25% (L0.25), or 0.375% (L0.375). All patients received standard anesthesia with sevoflurane and II/IH nerve block.MeasurementsHeart rate (HR), non invasive blood pressure (NIBP), respiratory rate, end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (ETCO₂), and oxygen saturation via pulse oximetry (SpO₂) were monitored during surgery. Postoperative pain scores with CHEOPS (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale) and need for rescue analgesia postoperatively were measured and recorded.Main Results60 patients entered the postoperative observational period. The number of patients who received rescue analgesia was comparable in the three groups. In Group L0.125, mean CHEOPS score was significantly higher, and time to first administration of rescue analgesia was shorter, than in the other two groups (P < 0.05). Pain scores and time to first administration of rescue analgesia were comparable between Groups L0.25 and L0.375.ConclusionsII/IH nerve block using 0.4 mL kg^-1 of 0.25% levobupivacaine provided satisfactory postoperative pain relief after inguinal herniorraphy.