葛根素注射液治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床研究

目的 :探讨葛根素治疗心绞痛的临床疗效及安全性观察。方法 :选择 92例心绞痛患者 ,随机分成治疗组和对照组 ,治疗组在内科常规治疗的基础上加用葛根素静点 ,观察二组患者症状缓解情况、心电图变化。结果 :治疗组的心绞痛疗效、心电图疗效分别为 91.3 %和 87% ,对照组分别为 60 .9%和 67.3 % ,有显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :葛根素在治疗心绞痛中疗效显著 ,使用方便、安全。     

Evaluation of Intratumoral Injection of Poly(d,l-lactide) Cisplatin Microspheres in Rats with Breast Tumors Using [131I]lodomisonidazole (IMISO)

This study utilized [¹³¹I]iodomisonidazole (IMISO) to examine changes in tumor hypoxia after therapy of breast cancer with poly(d,l-lactide) cisplatin microspheres (PLA-CDDP MSs) by an intratumoral injection technique. PLA-CDDP MSs were prepared by a solvent evaporation process. Breast tumor cells were inoculated into the thighs of rats. After therapy with CDDP or PLA-CDDP MSs (6 mg/kg, subcutaneously, single injection), the tumor volume and blood chemistry of breast tumor-bearing rats were measured and compared daily with those of a control group given saline alone for 16 days. A group of rats were administered [¹³¹I]IMISO (50 μCi per rat, intravenously, n = 3) on day 5 and planar scintigraphy was then acquired at 2 h after injection. The percentage of tumor uptake (region of interest) was quantitated by a computer image analyzer and expressed as percentage of injected dose (ID) per pixel. PLA-CDDP microspheres (50-100 (Jim) contained 40.04% (w/w) cisplatin and produced sustained-release properties in vitro. The tumor volume decreased as a function of time after therapy with CDDP. The PLA-CDDP MS group had significantly less renal toxicity than the CDDP group. In rats treated with PLA-CDDP MS followed by [¹³¹I]IMISO, tumor %ID/pixel decreased 40% from 0.039 ± 0.001 to 0.024 ± 0.002. There was also a 40-50% decrease in tumor size after therapy with PLA-CDDP MSs. The results indicate that intratumoral injection of PLA-CDDP MSs can significantly reduce renal toxicity with the same therapeutic result as that of CDDP and its response could be monitored by [¹³¹I]IMISO.     

膈神经阻滞结合穴位注射治疗顽固性呃逆的疗效观察

目的观察膈神经阻滞结合穴位注射对顽固性呃逆的治疗效果。方法将顽固性呃逆患者50例随机分为2组，试验组25例，仅采用1％利多卡因10ml行膈神经阻滞，结合中脘、内关及足三里穴位注射；对照组25例，仅采用上述3穴位注射。结果试验组总有效率92％（23／25例），对照组总有效率60％（15／25例），两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论膈神经阻滞结合穴位注射治疗顽固性呃逆是一确切可靠的治疗方法。     

PPH加消痔灵注射治疗环状混合痔368例临床观察

为探讨吻合器痔上黏膜环切术（PPH）加消痔灵注射治疗环状混合痔的临床疗效。对368例环状混合痔采用PPH加硬化剂注射治疗，总有效率100％。结果表明，PPH加消痔灵注射是一种治疗环状混合痔的合理有效方法。     

Dynamic compartmental model of trends in Australian drug use

A five-state compartment model of trends in illicit drug use in Australia is parameterized using data from multiple sources. The model reproduces historical prevalence and supports what-if analyses under the assumption that past trajectories of drug escalation and desistance persist. For fixed initiation, the system has a unique stable equilibrium. The chief qualitative finding is that even though some users escalate rapidly, regular injection drug use still adjusts to changes in incidence with considerable inertia and delay. This has important policy implications, e.g., concerning the timing of reductions in drug-related social cost generated by interventions that reduce the social cost per injection user versus those that cut drug initiation.     

缓解患者对注射与穿刺心理紧张方法探讨

目的：探讨缓解患对注射与穿刺心理紧张的有效方法。方法：2002年1月至6月，将住院接受注射或浅静脉穿刺的患460例，随机分为观察组249例，对照组2ll例，观察组在患注射或浅静脉穿刺前、中、后给予综合缓解心理紧张的方法，即注意力分散法、遮挡法、希望法、激励法、鼓励法、开导法等。对照组常规心理护理。结果：两组患对注射或浅静脉穿刺在诊疗期初次、第2次、3次以后心理紧张例数，以及浅静脉一针见血成功率，经统计学处理，差异有高度显性(P＜0．005)。结论：综合缓解方法是解除患对注射与穿刺心理紧张的有效方法。     

我国中西部农村基层卫生服务机构过度使用注射情况分析

目的 了解农村医疗机构过度使用注射的严重程度及其对处方费用的影响.方法 本文以我国中西部9省市农村基层卫生服务机构为对象,对乡村两级基层医疗机构用药处方进行分析.结果 我国中西部农村医疗机构的处方注射使用率为25.8%～62.2%,平均值为45.1%,显著高于WHO标准(13.4%～24.1%),滥用注射情况严重;滥用注射导致处方费用增加,过度使用注射与基层卫生机构所在地的经济水平有关,也和卫生机构自身的规模和提供的医疗卫生服务量有关.结论 建议政府卫生部门加强管理,制定相应的政策和措施,加强医护人员的培训,加强群众的健康教育,结合实际探讨农村地区行之有效的注射管理模式,减少滥用注射.     

Ventrogluteal versus dorsogluteal site selection: A cross-sectional study of muscle and subcutaneous fat thicknesses and an algorithm incorporating demographic and anthropometric data to predict injection outcome

BackgroundThe dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal intramuscular injection sites both have their use in clinical practice; however, it has not been established in whom one or the other should be preferentially targeted or avoided. There is a need for an evidence-based approach towards site selection for a successful intramuscular injection outcome and to avoid unwanted injection outcomes of inadvertent subcutaneous injection or bone contact. Injection outcome is dependent on injection site subcutaneous fat thickness and muscle thickness; these are likely influenced by gender and anthropometry.ObjectivesTo determine whether subcutaneous fat, muscle, and total tissue thicknesses differ between the dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal sites, and whether theoretical injection outcome (intramuscular, subcutaneous, or bone contact) can be predicted by demographic and anthropometric data and described by an algorithm.DesignCross-sectional study design.SettingsUniversity in Australia.Participants145 volunteers (57% female) of at least 18 years of age recruited through the university community.MethodsAnthropometric data was collected and subcutaneous fat and muscle thicknesses were quantified by ultrasonography. Anthropometric differences between theoretical injection outcome groups (bone contact versus intramuscular versus subcutaneous at the ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal sites) was determined for each gender (ANOVA). Multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the influence of demographic and anthropometric data on theoretical intramuscular injection outcome. An algorithm to guide site selection was developed for each gender, based on the anthropometric measures that best discriminated between injection outcomes.ResultsSubcutaneous fat, muscle and total tissue were significantly thicker at the dorsogluteal site than the ventrogluteal site, and subcutaneous fat was significantly thicker in females than males at both sites (all p < 0.001); there was no gender difference for muscle or total tissue thickness at either site. Female gender, and waist and hip circumference were significant predictors of subcutaneous fat thickness at both sites; male gender was a significant predictor of dorsogluteal site muscle thickness (all p < 0.05). In the algorithm developed for site selection based on theoretical injection outcome, the best discriminators were: weight, BMI and waist circumference for females, and weight and distance between the iliac tubercle and anterior superior iliac spine for males.ConclusionsThe algorithm describes when each of the ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal sites is appropriate or should be avoided, based on easily obtained anthropometric data. This has direct relevance in clinical practice in evidence-based site selection for gluteal intramuscular injections for optimal medication and health outcomes.     

Sexual Risk Profile of Young Men in Vancouver, British Columbia, Who Have Sex with Men and Inject Drugs

We compared sexual risk behaviors of men who have sex with men and inject drugs (MSM/IDU) with those of other men who have sex with men (MSM). Of 910 MSM surveyed, 106 (12%) injected drugs in the previous year. MSM/IDU were younger than MSM and more likely to be HIV-seropositive, Aboriginal, economically disadvantaged, engaged in the trade of sex for money or drugs, and to report having female sexual partners. MSM/IDU reported more casual sexual partners and in multivariate analyses were twice as likely to report unprotected receptive anal intercourse with casual partners. These results, combined with those from previous analyses, suggest that the higher risk for HIV seroconversion among MSM/IDU in this cohort is attributable mainly to sexual rather than injection-related exposures. Controlled assessments are needed to identify optimal sexual risk reduction strategies for MSM/IDU.