南昌地区变应性鼻炎患者变应原谱分析

目的分析南昌地区变应性鼻炎患者变应原种类。方法对变应性鼻炎的患者进行11种变应原皮肤点刺试验,二盐酸组胺为阳性对照,生理盐水为阴性对照。结果 2000例符合条件的变应性鼻炎患者的变应原测试以屋尘螨最高(58.6%),其次为粉尘螨(56.3%)和热带螨(50.1%),而且城区和郊区变应原种类的分布不一样,郊区豚草和艾蒿明显高于城市(均P﹤0.05)。结论南昌地区变应性鼻炎的变应原主要是屋尘螨、粉尘螨及热带螨,其次是动物毛皮和植物,并且居住环境对变应原阳性反应的强弱仍有一定的影响。     

东莞地区2000例荨麻疹患者变应原分析

【目的】分析和研究东莞地区2000例荨麻疹患者变应原的分布情况。【方法】选取荨麻疹患者共2000例,采用标准测量方法“阿罗格”点刺原液进行变应原测试,分析其变应原结果。【结果】2000例荨麻疹患者变应原以粉尘螨、蟑螂、屋尘螨最高,其次为小虾、牛肉、蚌类。【结论】尘螨、蟑螂、屋尘螨等是东莞地区荨麻疹患者中最常见的变应原。     

宁波某地区1955例儿童过敏原检测结果分析

目的通过儿童过敏原检测为儿童过敏性疾病的预防和诊治提供依据。方法应用HOB公司提供的欧博克过敏原特异性IgE（sIgE）抗体检测,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）快速试纸条技术检测1 955例儿童血清中6种吸入性和7种食入性过敏原的总IgE抗体和sIgE抗体。结果 1 955例儿童过敏原检出总IgE阳性有1 686例,占86.2%;过敏原sIgE阳性有563例,占28.8%;其总IgE升高有386例,占68.6%,总IgE在正常范围内有177例,占31.4%。对于过敏原sIgE阳性者,吸入性以屋尘螨/粉尘螨为主,有309例,占54.9%;食入性以牛奶为主,有188例,占33.4%。结论宁波某地区儿12岁以下儿童过敏原依次为屋尘螨/粉尘螨、牛奶、屋尘、猫/狗毛皮屑、牛羊肉等。总IgE不能用来诊断或排除过敏,其升高仅意味着过敏的概率相对较高。     

皮肤点刺试验在儿童呼吸道常见变态反应性疾病防治中的意义

目的探讨柳州地区儿童皮肤变应原试验在变态反应性疾病中的分布及临床意义,为预防和治疗儿童变应性疾病提供科学依据。方法选择患有支气管哮喘和(或)变态反应性鼻炎的患儿110例,男性66例,女性44例,平均年龄(5.35±2.62)岁。变态反应性鼻炎28例,支气管哮喘40例,支气管哮喘合并变态反应性鼻炎42例。所有对象均选用14种变应原进行皮肤变应原点刺试验(SPT),组胺作阳性对照,生理盐水作阴性对照。结果变应原点刺试验总阳性检出率为75.5%(83/110),粉尘螨74.5%(82/110)、屋尘螨71.8%(79/110)、室内霉菌Ⅱ66.4%(73/110)、干草尘埃23.6%(26/110)、犬毛20.9%(23/110)、猫毛17.3%(19/110)、柳17.3%(19/110)、虾10.9%(12/110)、牛奶10.0%(11/110)、鸡蛋8.2%(9/110)、鲤鱼5.5%(6/110)、牛肉4.5%(5/110)、鸡肉1.8%(2/110)、猪肉1.8%(2/110)。>5岁组吸入性变应原阳性率显著高<5岁组(χ2=15.16,P<0.05),<5岁(含5岁)组食物性变应原阳性率高于>5岁组(χ2=12.85,P<0.05)。鼻炎、哮喘、哮喘并鼻炎患儿均以螨类过敏最为常见,不同疾病组间变应原阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论过敏性因素是儿童变态反应性疾病发病的重要诱发因素,在柳州地区变态反应性疾病儿童可以通过SPT检查明确过敏原,最常见的变应原是粉尘螨、屋尘螨、动物皮毛类、霉菌及干草尘埃类等。随着年龄增长,变态反应性疾病患儿对吸入性变应原更为敏感。鼻炎、哮喘、哮喘并鼻炎患儿有共同的变应原。研究不同年龄段变态反应性疾病患者的变应原特征,有助于对疾病的早期诊断和早期干预。     

珠海地区慢性荨麻疹284例患者过敏原检测分析

目的探讨过敏原在慢性荨麻疹发病中的意义。方法采用过敏反应体外检测系统（IVT）对284例慢性荨麻疹患者进行血清总IgE检测、吸入性过敏原和食入性过敏原检测。结果 133例女性患者血清总IgE阳性120例,阳性率为92.30%,151例男性患者血清总IgE阳性123例,阳性率81.46%,吸入性过敏原过敏原阳性的多见于屋尘、尘螨,食入性过敏原阳性的多见于鱼类、海鲜类。结论吸入性及食入性过敏原与慢性荨麻疹的发病密切相关。     

儿童过敏性疾病变应原特异性IgE及其与肺炎支原体感染相关性分析

目的探究儿童过敏性疾病中特异性变应原分布及规律,与肺炎支原体感染的相关性,指导临床防治。方法采用酶联免疫法对199例武汉地区过敏性疾病儿童进行吸入性和食入性变应原的血清学检测。间接免疫荧光法对肺炎支原体(MP)感染进行检测。结果 199例患儿中吸入性变应原阳性97例(48.7%)。年龄≥3岁组高于年龄<3岁组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中尘、粉螨83例(41.7%)最高;食入性变应原阳性70例(35.2%),按年龄分组差异无统计学意义,以鱼、虾、蟹27例(13.6%)最多。秋季入院率(69例,34.7%)最高,夏季入院率相对最低。吸入性变应原阳性与肺炎支原体感染有统计学相关性(P<0.05)。结论过敏性疾病中吸入性变应原为主且阳性率随年龄增长而增加。尘、粉螨及鱼、虾、蟹为主要变应原,秋冬春季为过敏性疾病好发季节,肺炎支原体感染与过敏性疾病有关。     

舟山海岛儿童血清过敏原检测分析

目的研究舟山海岛地区过敏性疾病患儿的过敏原分布特点,为临床诊断,治疗及预防提供依据。方法采用酶免疫分析法(ELISA),对患儿的血清样本进行过敏总IgE抗体体外检测呈阳性的475例进行总结分析。结果明确有过敏原的380例(80.00%),其中单一过敏原阳性为87例(18.32%),2种及以上过敏原阳性293例(61.68%)。吸入性过敏原阳性率较高的是螨虫(38.31%)、屋尘(12.21%)、真菌组合(2.53%);食入性过敏原阳性率较高的是鱼类(6.53%)、贝类(6.11%)、豆类(4.21%)。婴幼儿以食物性过敏为主,学龄儿童以吸入性过敏为主。结论螨及鱼类是舟山海岛儿童最常见过敏原,多数患者同时存在多种过敏原。     

Trends in skin prick test according to seasons: Results of a Korean multi-center study

ObjectiveAllergy is a very common condition. Allergic disease is highly affected by environmental changes. Conditions of the four seasons can change dramatically in Republic of Korea (ROK). To assess changes in rates of aeroallergen positivity according to seasons and environmental factors (temperature, humidity, and precipitation).MaterialsA total of 20 hospitals were selected based on population distribution in ROK. A skin prick test (SPT) panel comprising 55 aeroallergens was distributed to 18 hospitals for a prospective study. Results from SPTs done in 2006 and 2010 were collected and analyzed retrospectively from 20 hospitals and 2014/2015 SPT (from June 2014 to May 2015) results from 18 hospitals were collected prospectively.ResultsWe compared allergen-positive rates among seasons. Positive test rates for several pollens and house dust mites increased significantly in spring and fall. Pollens positive rate varied significantly according to temperature, precipitation, and humidity while mite allergens were less susceptible to environment.ConclusionThere are four distinct seasons in ROK. The positivity of pollen allergens were especially affected by temperature and precipitation in spring. House dust mites were less affected by seasons, temperature, precipitation, and humidity less than pollen. Therefore, regular follow-up and re-evaluation of allergic test are essential considering changes of seasons and environment for acceptable diagnosis and treatment.     

Avoidance of allergens as an environmental method in the prevention of inhaled allergy symptoms

Asthma and other inhaled allergies are some of the most common paediatric diseases. The association of exposure to allergens with induction and exacerbation of symptoms has been proven. The majority of allergens are permanently or periodically suspended in the air, which leads to impaired quality of life for sensitive patients. Therefore, many methods of prevention and therapy of allergic diseases have been developed. The method of allergen exposure avoidance is often the first and the most significant measure. The present research has been conducted to evaluate, based on scientific data, which measures have the most reliable evidence of effectiveness. Environmental allergen avoidance methods, despite limited evidence supporting their clinical efficacy, are listed as the main therapeutic approaches in most recommendations. The significance of the holistic approach is also emphasised: only simultaneous introduction of several avoidance methods can bring possibly beneficial effects for the patient.