子宫腔填塞纱条治疗前置胎盘剖宫产术中大出血32例分析

目的 总结32例子宫腔填塞纱条治疗前置盘剖宫产术中大出血的临床经验,方法 对1991年2月至1999年10月,在我科用子宫腔填塞纱条治疗前置胎盘剖宫产术中大出血32例进行分析。结果 32例前胎盘剖宫产术中大出血用纱条填塞子宫腔后均成功止血,20－28小时后经阴道顺利取出,未发生阴道大出血,产后42天随访28例,子宫复旧良好。结论 子宫腔填塞纱条是治疗前置胎盘剖宫产术中大出血的有效方法。     

妊娠晚期羊水过少56例临床分析

目的：探讨妊娠晚期羊水过少的分娩方式,寻找正确的处理方法,降低围生儿死亡率。方法：对妊娠晚期羊水过少56例作回顾性分析。结果：56例中,30例以羊水过少作为指标行剖宫产,新生儿窒息率为0,19例在临产过程中12例并发胎儿窘迫,7例并发其它高危因素行剖宫产,新生儿窒息率为5．3％,7例经阴道分娩,新生儿均有不同程度窒息。结论：羊水过少一经确诊,应积极引产,估计短时间内不能分娩,及时剖宫产是处理羊水过少较为安全的重要措施。     

不缝合腹膜剖宫产术式的临床观察

目的　探讨不缝合腹膜剖宫产术式的临床效果。方法　选取剖宫产不缝合腹膜 80例产妇作为观察组 ,与同期分娩按传统方法缝合腹膜产妇 80例作为对照组 ,观察两组术后病率、肠功能恢复及切口愈合情况。结果　观察组术后病 6例 ,对照组 15例 ,两组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;观察组术后肛门排气时间为 2 0 5± 5 33h ,对照组为 36 6 7± 6 17h ,两组比较 ,差别有高度统计学意义 (P <0 0 1) ;腹部切口愈合两组无差异。结论　不缝合腹膜剖宫产术式安全、有效、并发症少 ,值得在临床上推广应用。     

延期妊娠并发羊水过少对母婴的影响96例临床观察

目的 探讨延期妊娠并发羊水过少对母婴的影响。方法 采用回顾性分析方法,对延期妊娠分娩的产妇羊水正常组244例及羊水过少组96例进行对比分析。结果 羊水过少组中羊水Ⅱ度以上粪染、胎盘成熟Ⅲ^ 级及胎盘钙化、胎儿宫内窘迫、新生儿窒息率、产后出血率及剖宫产率明显高于羊水正常组。结论 羊水过少是胎儿宫内慢性缺氧最敏感的特异性指标,无论是延期妊娠还是过期妊娠一经确珍,应积极引产,估计短时间内不能分娩,宜行剖宫产结束妊娠。     

侧脑室计算机三维重建及理论分析

目的 :建立便于推广、功能齐全、价廉的三维医学图像重建系统及进行三维重建。方法 :利用目前较先进的数码摄片技术和自行编制的软件系统 ,对层距 1.0 mm的人体头部断面共 2 4 0层进行侧脑室的三维重建 ,同时对头部整体行三维重建以其进行相对定位和比较。结果 :重建后的侧脑室可和头部进行参照显示 ,行旋转、透明处理和不同方向的任意剖割。结论 :较以 CT、MRI断面图像重建的模型增加了轮廓的准确性和器官内组织的鲜明色彩     

剖宫产术中大出血的原因分析与治疗

目的探讨剖宫产术中大出血的原因及治疗.方法回顾性分析39例剖宫产术中出血≥1000ml作为研究组,出血＜1 000ml,且＞500ml者作为对照组1,出血≤500ml者600例作为对照组2.结果研究组中出血首位原因主要为前置胎盘和低置胎盘,占53.85%(21/39),显著高于对照组1中的10.67%(27/253),P＜0.01.在药物控制出血失败后,11例子宫动脉结扎中8例治疗成功、29例宫腔填塞纱条中28例治疗成功,得以保留子宫,2例行子宫切除术.结论前置胎盘和低置胎盘是剖宫产术中大出血的主要原因,宫腔填塞纱条治疗剖宫产术中大出血有良好效果.     

非断离腹壁韧带腹膜外剖宫产术式探讨

行腹膜外剖宫产术时,在侧脐韧带与中脐韧带之间进行操作,不切断腹壁任何韧带,用撕拉、钝性剥离的方法分离膀胱与腹膜,子宫切口连续缝合两层,并将宫颈前筋膜与子宫切口浅层一并连续缝合.该方法不仅缩短了手术时间,避免了新生儿Apgar's低评分、新生儿窒息的发生,而且维持了腹壁结构的完整性,可进一步降低术后各种近、远期并发症的发生率.     

轻比重与重比重布比卡因腰麻在剖宫产术中的作用比较

目的　对 0 .12 5 %轻比重布比卡因与 0 .5 %重比重布比卡因腰麻在剖宫产术腰麻 -硬膜外联合麻醉( CSEA)应用中的麻醉效果及并发症进行比较。方法　随机选择 6 0例拟行剖宫产手术的产妇 ,平均分为两组 ,均采用 CSEA麻醉方法。分别向蛛网膜下腔注射 0 .5 %重比重布比卡因 1ml(重组 )与 0 .12 5 %轻比重布比卡因 4m l(轻组 )。结果　重组起效时间明显比轻组短 ,腰麻后 15分钟麻醉平面高于轻组 ( P均 <0 .0 1)。轻组 2 %利多卡因用量显著多于重组 ( P<0 .0 5 )。低血压发生率 :重组 43.3% ,轻组 16 % ;恶心呕吐发生率 :重组 2 6 .7% ,轻组 6 .7% ,具有显著性差异。轻组的腰麻平面消退较重组快 ( 33.4分钟对 6 1.7分钟 )。结论　轻比重药液与重比重药液相比更具有对下肢运动神经阻滞轻、对循环影响小的特点。     

Selection of baseline blood pressure to guide management of hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section

IntroductionRecommendations on vasopressor management during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia suggest maintaining systolic arterial pressure ≥90% of an accurately measured baseline value. The baseline is often taken as the first reading in the operating room. We hypothesise that this reading may not reflect an accurate baseline value.MethodsA retrospective case note review of 300 non-hypertensive women undergoing caesarean section with neuraxial anaesthesia, including spinal anaesthesia for elective delivery (n=100), and spinal (n=100) and epidural top-up anaesthesia (n=100) for emergency delivery. Systolic arterial pressure values recorded at various time points between the last antenatal visit and the first blood pressure value recorded in the operating room were compared.ResultsThere was a stepwise and significant increase in systolic arterial pressure over three time points (last antenatal clinic, morning of surgery, operating room) before elective caesarean section (all P <0.001). In women having emergency caesarean under spinal anaesthesia, a stepwise increase over four time points (last antenatal clinic, first reading in labour, final reading in labour, operating room) was observed. A similar trend was seen over these time points for women having emergency caesarean under epidural top-up, although the systolic blood pressure did not rise during labour.ConclusionsUsing the initial blood pressure reading in the operating room as the baseline value may lead to unnecessary vasopressor use and hypertension. Prospective research is required to clarify which reading represents the most accurate baseline to maintain homeostasis and reduce the hypotensive sequelae of neuraxial anaesthesia for both the mother and fetus.     

Variability in cesarean delivery rates among individual labor and delivery nurses compared to physicians at three attribution time points

ObjectiveTo examine the variability in the cesarean delivery (CD) rates of individual labor and delivery nurses compared with physicians at three attribution time points.Data SourcesMedical record data from nine hospitals in Washington State from January 2016 through September 2018.Study DesignRetrospective, observational cohort design using an aggregated database of birth records.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsChart‐abstracted clinical data from a subset of nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex births attributed at admission, labor management, and delivery to nurses and physicians. Two classification methods were used to categorize nurse‐ and physician‐level CD rates at three attribution time points and the reliability of these methods compared.Principal FindingsThe sample included 12 556 births, 319 nurses, and 126 physicians. Overall, variation in nurse‐level CD rates did not differ significantly across the three attribution time points, and the extent of variation was similar to that observed in physicians. However, agreement between attribution time points varied between 35 percent and 65 percent when classifying individual nurses into the top and bottom deciles. The average reliability of nurse‐level CD rates was 32 percent at admission (IQR 22.0 percent to 38.7 percent), 32.6 percent at labor (IQR 23.1 percent to 40.9 percent), and 29.3 percent (IQR 20.9 percent to 35.8 percent) at delivery. The average reliability of physician‐level CD rates was higher: 54.2 percent (IQR 38.7 percent to 71.4 percent) at admission, 62.5 percent (IQR 49.0 percent to 79.6 percent) at labor management, and 66.1 percent (IQR 53.7 percent to 81.2 percent) at delivery.ConclusionFeedback on nurse‐level CD rates as part of routine clinical quality audits can provide insight into nurse performance in the context of other individual‐level and unit‐level information. To reliably distinguish individual nurse performance, larger sample sizes are needed.