党参化学成分研究进展与目标

概述了党参化学成分的进展,对今后目标加以讨论。     

XY精子分离技术的研究进展

XY精子分离是控制动物性别简单而有效的方法之一,本文论述了X,Y精子分离的方法,不同方法分离的生物学基础及其应用效果的研究进展,并简述了XY精子分离技术存在的问题及其发展前景。     

Non-invasive diagnostic imaging of colorectal liver metastases

Colorectal cancer is one of the few malignant tumors in which synchronous or metachronous liver metastases [colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs)] may be treated with surgery. It has been demonstrated that resection of CRLMs improves the long-term prognosis. On the other hand, patients with un-resectable CRLMs may benefit from chemotherapy alone or in addition to liver-directed therapies. The choice of the most appropriate therapeutic management of CRLMs depends mostly on the diagnostic imaging. Nowadays, multiple non-invasive imaging modalities are available and those have a pivotal role in the workup of patients with CRLMs. Although extensive research has been performed with regards to the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography, computed tomography, positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance for the detection of CRLMs, the optimal imaging strategies for staging and follow up are still to be established. This largely due to the progressive technological and pharmacological advances which are constantly improving the accuracy of each imaging modality. This review describes the non-invasive imaging approaches of CRLMs reporting the technical features, the clinical indications, the advantages and the potential limitations of each modality, as well as including some information on the development of new imaging modalities, the role of new contrast media and the feasibility of using parametric image analysis as diagnostic marker of presence of CRLMs.     

淋巴瘤病理研究新进展

2008年版WHO淋巴瘤分类出版以来的数年中,淋巴瘤病理相关的知识又有所更新。对于B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤,人们较关注那些高度侵袭而又异质的亚型(例如：弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤),并努力尝试在分子生物学基础之上建立起更好的分型方法。此外,人们对于如何正确理解并处理明显的恶性淋巴瘤以及那些并不具有明确恶性行为、克隆性淋巴组织增生性疾病之间的“边界性”病变的兴趣也日益增长。另一方面,有关T和NK(T/NK)细胞的亚群构成、细胞分化方面的研究进展以及新近认识到的外周T/NK细胞淋巴瘤中的遗传学异常和信号路径调节失常,也有助于我们更深入地了解这些肿瘤的生物学特性。临床惰性、克隆性T/NK细胞增生性病变、特别是发生于黏膜皮肤部位者,也愈发受到人们关注。这些新的知识进展会推动淋巴瘤分类不断向前演进。     

鼻腔鼻窦癌综合治疗研究进展

鼻腔鼻窦癌病理类型多样,发病隐匿,临床症状无特异性,诊断时多为局部中晚期。目前治疗以手术联合放疗伴或不伴化疗的综合治疗模式为主,但术后患者器官功能保留率低、生活质量差,预后欠佳。近年来,随着手术及放化疗水平的提高,诊疗取得了一定进展,但具体方案仍存争议。本文对鼻腔鼻窦癌的主要研究进展及争议做一综述。     

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis: State of the art

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is used to analyze embryos genetically before their transfer into the uterus. It was developed first in England in 1990, as part of progress in reproductive medicine, genetic and molecular biology. PGD offers couples at risk the chance to have an unaffected child, without facing termination of pregnancy. Embryos are obtained by in vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and are biopsied mostly on day 3; blastocyst biopsy is mentioned as a possible alternative. The genetic analysis is performed on one or two blastomeres, by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for cytogenetic diagnosis, or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for molecular diagnosis. Genetic analysis of the first or second polar body can be used to study maternal genetic contribution. Only unaffected embryos are transferred into the uterus. To improve the accuracy of the diagnosis, new technologies are emerging, with comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and microarrays.