Meta-analysis of quality of life in children and adolescents with ADHD: By both parent proxy-report and child self-report using PedsQL™

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent developmental disorder that seriously and negatively impacts a child's health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, no meta-analysis has been conducted to examine the magnitude of impact, domains affected and factors moderating the impact. This review included nine studies that compared HRQOL of children or adolescents with ADHD with those with typical development using both child self-reports and parent proxy-reports. Seven among nine studies were meta-analytically synthesized to examine the degree of impact of ADHD on children and adolescents, parent–child discrepancy, and the moderators. The results indicate that ADHD impact a child's or adolescent's HRQOL negatively with a moderate effect in physical and a severe effect in psychosocial (i.e., emotional, social, and school) domains. Parental ratings of overall HRQOL in children or adolescents with ADHD were not significantly different from child's ratings when compared with typically developing children and adolescents. Age was negatively associated with all domains of HRQOL in children and adolescents with ADHD both by parent- and child-ratings, and the strongest effect was found in parental ratings of child's emotional HRQOL, with a moderate correlation. This meta-analysis suggests that HRQOL may be assessed in children and adolescents with ADHD both by parent proxy- and child self-reports, and that interventions may be planned accordingly. Future meta-analysis may explore how measures of HRQOL and other factors including child, parental, familiar and school characteristics influence the impact of ADHD and the parent–child agreement in children and adolescents.     

弹性髓内钉治疗青少年锁骨骨折的临床应用

目的:探讨弹性髓内钉治疗青少年锁骨骨折的方法和临床疗效。方法:2008年10月至2009年11月,采用弹性髓内钉治疗17例青少年急性锁骨骨折,男11例,女6例;年龄12～18岁,平均15.3岁。伤后至手术时间2～7 d,平均3.5 d。对术前和术后3个月随访时的肩关节Constant评分、术前和术后2周肩关节活动度进行比较,并通过X线片检查观察患者骨折愈合及复位情况。结果:所有患者均获得随访,时间3～8个月,平均6.5个月。没有出现感染、TEN断裂及顶破皮肤等并发症。术后3个月Constant评分(85.6±4.3)分,较术前(45.3±6.1)分明显提高(t=22.164,P<0.01)。术后2周肩关节活动度较术前明显改善(P<0.01)。术后12～16周取出髓内钉X线片显示骨性愈合,肩关节活动度恢复良好。结论:弹性髓内钉治疗青少年锁骨骨折具有疗效良好,创伤小,固定可靠等优点,其为锁骨骨折青少年治疗提供一种可靠的选择。     

顶椎置钉与否对Lenke 1型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸矫形效果的影响

目的:探讨顶椎置钉与否对Lenke 1型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者矫形效果的影响。方法:回顾性分析从2009年6月～2010年1月采用全椎弓根螺钉后路矫形内固定融合术治疗的69例Lenke 1型AIS患者,年龄12～20岁,平均15.0岁,主弯Cobb角50°～70°,平均53.7°。根据顶椎置钉与否分为:顶椎凸凹侧均未置入螺钉组(A组,35例)和至少一侧置入螺钉固定组(B组,34例)。记录两组患者术前年龄、性别、主弯Cobb角、柔韧度、顶椎旋转度和固定节段数、置入物密度、术后Cobb角、主弯Cobb角矫正率、顶椎去旋转率等指标并进行两组间的比较分析。B组病例在CT图像上统计顶椎不良置钉率。结果:两组患者年龄、性别比、术前主弯Cobb角、柔韧度和顶椎旋转度等资料均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。所有病例矫形术后均未发生冠状面与矢状面的失代偿。随访24～30个月,平均27.7个月,两组患者无内固定松动及断钉断棒,植骨融合牢固,均未出现明显的矫正丢失。A、B两组置入物密度分别为63.4%、65.3%,平均固定节段数分别为11.3和11.6,主弯Cobb角矫正率分别为73.9%和72.6%。两组在置入物密度、内固定节段数和主弯Cobb角矫正率方面均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。术后顶椎去旋转率A组为18.4%,显著低于B组的34.8%(P<0.05)。B组顶椎置入的41枚螺钉中,有5枚为不良置钉(12.2%)。结论:对于Cobb角在50°～70°非严重的Lenke 1型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸,顶椎置钉尽管并不能显著提高侧凸矫正率,但可以明显矫正顶椎旋转,因此,在注意置钉安全性的前提下,应尽量在顶椎置入椎弓根螺钉。     

Scarf osteotomy in the management of symptomatic adolescent hallux valgus

Purpose  

This study was designed to assess the utility of the scarf osteotomy in the management of symptomatic adolescent hallux valgus.     

终板法与椎弓根法对青少年特发性胸椎脊柱侧凸Cobb角测量的比较

目的:对青少年特发性胸椎脊柱侧凸Cobb角测量的终板法和椎弓根法进行对比研究,比较两种方法的可信度、可重复性及两种方法测量结果的差异。方法:选取我院2010年7月～2011年3月门诊就诊的55例特发性胸椎脊柱侧凸患者,由一名高年资医师预先确定测量主弯的上、下端椎后,3名脊柱外科医师分别使用终板法和椎弓根法对站立位X线片进行手工测量评估,记录冠状面侧凸Cobb角数值,同时根据Nash-Moe法评估测量主弯上、下端椎的旋转度。1周后,打乱患者顺序,再由该3名医师重复测量。对测量结果进行可信度和可重复性分析,检验一致性并对两种方法的测量结果根据端椎旋转度和Cobb角大小分组进行分析比较。结果:终板法和椎弓根法测量主胸弯Cobb角的可信度和可重复性均为好～极佳的水平。终板法测量的总体可信度和可重复性分别为0.969和0.900,椎弓根法测量的总体可信度和可重复性分别为0.972和0.880。根据下端椎旋转度将AIS患者分组后的结果显示:下端椎无旋转组(Nash-Moe 0度)中椎弓根法与终板法测量结果无明显差异(P>0.05),而下端椎旋转明显组(Nash-MoeⅠ度和Ⅱ度)中椎弓根法测量结果较终板法小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。根据Cobb角是否大于25°进行分组后的统计分析表明,在两组中椎弓根法测量结果均显著小于终板法(P<0.05)。结论:对于青少年特发性胸椎脊柱侧凸而言,终板法和椎弓根法测量Cobb角的可信度和可重复性均较好,但对于下端椎旋转明显(Nash-MoeⅠ度以上)的患者,椎弓根法较终板法测量结果小,建议对此类患者采用终板法测量Cobb角。     

单胸弯及单腰弯特发性脊柱侧凸的躯体生长参数研究

 目的 探讨单胸弯及单腰弯青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, AIS) 女性患者的躯体生长发育特点。方法 研究对象包括 339例 AIS女性患者和 3914位同龄健康女孩, 实 足年龄 10~17岁。单胸弯 AIS女孩(端椎位于 T₁~T₁₂之间)220例, 单腰弯 AIS女孩(端椎位于 T₁₂~L₅之 间)119例;Cobb角为 32°±10°(15°~63°)。测量所有 AIS组和对照组女孩的身高、体重及臂长, 计算体重 指数(body mass index, BMI)及下肢长度, 并根据 Bjure校正公式计算 AIS女性患者的校正身高及校正 坐高。结果 单胸弯与单腰弯 AIS患者的身高及坐高在各年龄段间差异均无统计学意义;而两组 AIS 女性患者的校正身高及坐高均明显高于同龄对照组女孩。同时两组 AIS患者的臂长及下肢长度也显著 长于正常青少年。在 15岁年龄段, 单胸弯 AIS患者的体重显著低于正常青少年, 而单腰弯 AIS患儿的 体重在各年龄段均与正常青少年相似。结论 与同年龄段正常青少年相比, 单胸弯和单腰弯 AIS患者 可能具有共同的异常生长模式;此外, 与正常女孩及单腰弯 AIS女孩相比, 单胸弯 AIS患者体内脂肪含 量偏低的趋势更为明显。     

2018版加拿大儿科学会《儿童青少年注意缺陷多动障碍诊疗指南》解读

注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是儿童期常见的慢性神经发育障碍,已经成为全球共同的公共卫生问题,世界各学术组织先后发表了相关的诊治指南。随着近几年研究的不断深入,其临床指南也得到了不断更新。2018年10月24日,加拿大儿科学会（CPS）精神卫生和发育障碍委员会牵头制定了《儿童青少年注意缺陷多动障碍诊疗指南》,指南总结了目前ADHD所有的临床证据,并制定了ADHD治疗标准,以便更好地为临床医师提供循证医学的治疗策略。本研究旨在对该指南的重点内容进行解读,同时与《2018 NICE指南：注意缺陷多动障碍的诊断和管理（NG.87）》以及我国目前相关的指南进行比较。     

腰椎关节突关节不对称与青少年腰椎间盘突出症

目的:探讨青少年腰椎间盘突出症发生与病变间隙关节突关节不对称性的关系。方法:在CT片上观察并测量24例青少年腰椎间盘突出症患者(年龄13~20岁)26个病变间隙的关节突关节形态及关节突关节角度,并与50例成年患者(年龄30~49岁)60个病变间隙比较。两侧关节突关节形态不同和(或)两侧关节突关节角度之差≥10°定义为关节突关节不对称,比较两组间关节突关节不对称发生率及其与椎间盘突出位置、病理类型的关系。结果:青少年组关节突关节不对称总发生率为57.7%,成年组为10%,两组间比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),关节突关节不对称与椎间盘突出位置、病理类型无关。结论:腰椎关节突关节不对称在青少年腰椎间盘突出症的发生率较高,可能是青少年腰椎间盘突出症发生的原因之一。     

Belastungsabhängige Segmentstabilität im Funktions-MRT bei Nachwuchsathleten mit Spondylolisthesis mit und ohne Rückenschmerzen

BackgroundSegmental spinal instability is assumed to be a source of low back pain in adolescent athletes (AA). It is unclear, if imaging techniques allow for differentiation of load-dependent segment stability in AA with spondylolisthesis in dependence of pain.Material and MethodsTwenty-two AA (14.1±1.6 years, 164±9 cm, 59±13 kg) with spondylolisthesis L5/S1 were included. Following an orthopedic examination with history of pain (in everyday life [PE]; during sports [PS]) functional MRI was performed (1. Upright-loaded; 2. Supine-unloaded). Anterior translation [mm], lordosis angle [°] and „lumbar disc degeneration-Index (LDDG [1–5]) were determined within MRI. Absolute values and differences (loaded - unloaded condition) are shown by the factor pain (α=0.05).ResultsEight AA reported PE, 10 PS and 10 AA were pain-free (PF). Lordosis angle and anterior translation were higher during loaded condition (60±10° to 46±11; 7.2±2.0mm° to 5.8±1.9 mm). AA with pain showed loaded/unloaded smaller differences of lordosis angles (PE/NP: 13.8±6.3°/14.9±4.6; PS/PF: 13.3±5.1/15.1±5.1; p>0.05) and higher differences of anterior translation (PE: 1.7±1.3 mm/1.2±1.3; PS: 2.2±1.3/0.7±0.8; p=0.002) compared to PF. LDDG was higher for AA with PS than in PF (PS/PF: Median 2 (1.25;3)/ 3.5 (2;4)).ConclusionsAA with spondylolisthesis and PS show lower lordosis and higher segmental anterior translation as well as disc degeneration. Low back pain during sports in AA with spondylolisthesis might be seen as a predictor for higher segmental spinal instability.Level of evidence2 (Cohort study)     

青少年Pilon骨折的治疗

目的探讨青少年Pilon骨折的特点、治疗方法及其并发症。方法对1990年4月～2003年12月期间治疗的13例青少年胫骨Pilon骨折病例进行随访分析。按Merv—Letts分型：Ⅰ型5例，Ⅱ型6例，Ⅲ型2例。骨牵引治疗2例，有限内同定8例，有限内固定结合外固定支架3例。结果所有患者平均随访24个月，按Helfet踝关节功能评价：优8例，良4例，差1例，优良率92．3％。并发症：皮肤坏死2例，创伤性关节炎4例，骨骺早闭3例，畸形愈合1例，骨延迟愈合1例，外固定支架钉道感染1例，总体并发症38．5％。结论青少年Pilon骨折应根据其分型采用不同的治疗方案：疗效与创伤程度有关：Ⅲ犁骨折有较高的并发痹。