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101.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the ability of rats with suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) lesions to anticipate restricted food access (RFA). The sham operated controls demonstrated entrainment of locomotor activity to a LD 12:12 cycle with ad libitum food and water, while the lesioned animals were arrhythmic in their running behavior. When exposed to constant light (LL) and presentation of food once every 24 hours, anticipatory wheel running was observed in both groups. A return to ad lib food and the previous LD 12:12 schedule produced a slow re-entrainment of running in the controls and arrhythmic activity in the SCN animals. The results suggest that the SCN is not necessary for the appearance of locomotor rhythms in the rat. 相似文献
102.
Effect of influenza A virus on leukocyte histamine release 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
W W Busse C A Swenson E C Borden M W Treuhaft E C Dick 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》1983,71(4):382-388
Viral respiratory infections provoke asthma in many patients. In the following study we examined the effect of an in vitro incubation of influenza A on leukocyte histamine release. After incubation with a live influenza A (H3N2) virus, calcium ionophore A23187 (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 microgram/ml)-induced leukocyte histamine release (HR) was enhanced (p less than 0.05). This effect was also found with heat- or ether-inactivated virus. Similarly, influenza A-exposed leukocytes had augmented leukocyte HR during subsequent incubation with ragweed AgE. Incubation of the leukocyte suspension with interferon (800 IU/ml) for 24 hr was also associated with enhanced HR to ragweed AgE. In contrast, interferon did not alter the calcium ionophore A23187 HR. Therefore, although interferon may mediate the enhanced leukocyte HR when ragweed AgE is the inciting stimulus, it does not change HR to the calcium ionophore. 相似文献
103.
O. N. Chichenkov V. P. Fisenko N. N. Novikov 《Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine》1979,88(1):720-722
Experiments on unanesthetized rats immobilized with flaxedil showed that leucineenkephalin (150 g), if injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle, caused heterogeneous changes in the activity of 21 sensomotor cortical units tested. Spike discharges of five neurons were reduced and those of 11 neurons increased. Naloxone (2 mg/kg, intravenously) prevented both the inhibitor and the activating effect of leucine-enkephalin in the case of repeated injections of this pentapeptide. Leucine-enkephalin did not change the activity of five units.Department of Pharmacology, Faculties of Internal Medicine and Hygiene, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. V. Zakusov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 88, No. 7, pp. 42–44, July, 1979. 相似文献
104.
小鼠巨细胞病毒模型的建立 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
目的为了探讨巨细胞病毒的致病机理。方法4周龄Balb/C小鼠腹腔内接种小鼠巨细胞病毒(MCMV)。结果导致小鼠急性感染期体重下降,生长迟缓,唾液腺肿胀以至于死亡。唾液腺中检出高滴度感染性病毒(2.0×105PFU/ml)。在小鼠3T3/Swisalbino细胞单层上形成的空斑清晰,易判断计数、镜检组织切片可见脑神经原细胞胞浆内包涵体。结论小鼠巨细胞病毒模型的建立为抗-CMV有效药物的筛选以及对CMV感染的预防、治疗提供了资料。 相似文献
105.
The manifestation of diurnal periodicity and the extent of its control by the photoperiod was assessed in three predation defense reactions which constitute either components or outcomes of a predator-prey interaction sequence. Two-hundred White Leghorn chicks were reared from hatching for one week in either 24L or 12L and then tested at one of two clock hours previously demonstrated to define peak and trough response for one of the components. Putative evidence was found for an endogenous source of the periodicity manifested in all reactions. Maintenance schedule did not entrain the periodicity, but simple room entry and handling elicited anti-predator reactions, the extent of which varied as a function of clock hour. A general model of predation defense behavior was proposed. 相似文献
106.
U. Sławin´ska F. Tyc˘ S. Kasicki R. Navarrete G. Vrbová 《Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale》1998,120(2):193-201
After partial denervation, the remaining motor units (MUs) of adult fast extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) expand their
peripheral field. The time course of this event was studied using tension measurement and recordings of electromyographic
(EMG) activity. The results show that after section of the L4 spinal nerve, when only 5.3 ± 0.63 of the 40 MUs normally supplying
EDL muscle remain, the force of individual motor units starts to increase between the 1st and 2nd week after the operation
and continues to do so for a further week. The drastic reduction of the number of motoneurones supplying the fast EDL leads
to an increase in activity of the remaining MUs. In the 1st week after partial denervation, there was a sharp increase in
the EMG activity of remaining motor units. During the next 12 days, this increase became less marked, but EMG activity remained
nevertheless significantly higher than that of the unoperated EDL muscle. Many MUs became tonically active during posture.
The EMG activity pattern during locomotion was also altered, so that the burst duration was positively correlated with the
step cycle duration. Moreover, shortly after partial denervation, the interlimb coordination was disturbed but returned to
its original symmetrical use 1–2 weeks later.
Received: 17 September 1996 / Accepted: 3 November 1997 相似文献
107.
Substance P and somatostatin metabolism in sympathetic and special sensory ganglia in vitro 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Mechanisms regulating the content of the putative peptide transmitters, substance P and somatostatin, were examined in several neuronal populations in culture. Substance P levels increased more than 25-fold within 48 h in sympathetic neurons in the explanted rat superior cervical ganglion, and remained elevated for 4 weeks. Identity of the peptide was authenticated by combined high pressure liquid chromatography-radioimmunoassay. Veratridine prevented the increase of substance P in vitro, and tetrodotoxin blocked the veratridine effect, suggesting that sodium ion influx and membrane depolarization prevent peptide elevation. Veratridine (or potassium)-induced membrane depolarization released substance P into the culture medium through a calcium-dependent process. Consequently, at least some veratridine effects are attributable to release and subsequent depletion of ganglion peptide. However, the inhibitory effects of veratridine were far greater than could be accounted for by the quantity of peptide released, suggesting a separate influence on net synthesis (synthesis less catabolism) of substance P. Viewed in conjunction with previous in vivo studies, our observations suggest that trans-synaptic impulses, through the mediation of postsynaptic sodium flux, release substance P from sympathetic neurons and also regulate intracellular peptide metabolism. To determine whether the processes regulating substance P in sympathetic neurons reflect generalized mechanisms, a different peptide, somatostatin, was examined in sympathetic neurons; moreover, substance P was examined in a different neuronal population, special sensory neurons in the nodose ganglion. Substance P levels increased significantly in both sympathetic and sensory neurons after explantation, and somatostatin levels increased in sympathetic neurons. In each instance, the increase was dependent upon the presence of the calcium ions. Moreover, these increases were all prevented by veratridine, in a tetrodotoxin-sensitive manner. Our observations suggest that common regulatory mechanisms govern peptide transmitter metabolism in diverse neuronal populations. 相似文献
108.
目的探讨不同蝎毒多肽(scorpion venom peptide,SVP)组分对辐射后机体造血干细胞及祖细胞恢复的作用。方法6.0GyX射线一次性全身照射,制作辐射损伤小鼠模型。内源性脾结节法观察照射后第10天脾集落形成单位(CFU-S)的变化。用甲基纤维素半固体培养基培养骨髓混合集落生成单位(CFU-Mix),观察体内外给药方法及照射后不同时间对CFU-Mix生成的影响。结果(1)体内实验:SVPⅣ组分处理后的CFU-S数明显高于照射对照组(P<0.05);SVPⅤ组分CFU-S数量与照射对照组差异无统计学意义。照射后各SVP组CFU-Mix的数量均高于照射对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(2)体外实验:与照射对照组相比,体外分别单独加入SVPⅣ、Ⅴ组分以及细胞因子(IL-6和SCF)均能够促进CFU-Mix的增殖;而SVPⅣ、Ⅴ组分分别与细胞因子联合应用对CFU-Mix生成的促进作用更为明显,其中Ⅳ组分效果更强,与照射对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论SVP具有保护辐射损伤小鼠造血干细胞及祖细胞,加速其增殖能力恢复的作用。 相似文献
109.
目的:建立腹直肌肌电图(EMG)运动单位动作电位(MUAP)各参数正常值。方法:测定109例正常人腹直肌EMG的MUAP的时限、波幅及多相波。结果:腹直肌EMG的MUAP参数分别为:波幅373.78±56.46μV,时限9.95±1.13 ms,多相波19.40%±1.52%。结论:腹直肌EMG各参数能可靠、稳定地测出,有助于脊髓胸段下运动神经元病变的检测。 相似文献
110.
M. K. Agarwal Ph.D. R. T. Jones B.S. J. W. Yunginger M.D. 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》1982,70(6):437-444
To develop a model for mold allergen extract standardization, we studied eight commercial Alternaria extracts from various suppliers by a variety of immunochemical and physicochemical techniques, including measurement of Alt-I, a purified allergenic fraction of Alternaria. Wide variations were noted in the allergenic and antigenic potencies of these extracts. Estimates of Alt-I content measured by Alt-I RAST inhibition and by radioimmunoassay correlated significantly (p < 0.05), but Alt-I activity by either method could not be correlated with allergenic potency as measured by RAST inhibition using solid-phase Alternaria. Each test extract produced unique and differing patterns of Coomassie blue-stained bands in isoelectrofocusing gels and in crossed immunoelectrophoresis gels using rabbit antibodies to Alternaria. The optimal method for mold allergen standardization involves a combination of RAST inhibition, isoelectrofocusing, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis techniques, and, if possible, quantitation of individual allergens. 相似文献