反复呼吸道感染患者的微生态学分析

对31例反复呼吸道感染病人口咽粘膜菌群的定植进行了分析。结果表明,正常组需氧菌群密度为4.1135±0.0884,厌氧菌群密度为4.4101±0.3586。患者需氧菌群密度为4.5290±0.0086,厌氧菌群密度为4.8718±0.3424,反复呼吸道感染患者需氧菌和厌氧菌的含量均高于正常对照组(P<0.05)。18例病人分离出两种以上需氧菌,其中奈瑟氏菌和肺炎链球菌检出率较高,分别为38.7％和22.6％;厌氧菌以韦荣氏球菌和消化链球菌为多见,检出率分别为32.2％和58.1％。有7例病人分离出白色念珠菌,4例病人分离出绿脓杆菌。明显表现出微生态失调。     

慢性肺源性心脏病815例临床分析

本文分析815例慢性肺心病,男性占62.9％,女性占37.1％,平均年龄64.3岁。原发病慢性支气管炎占92.9％,上呼吸道感染为诱因占93.6％。主要症状有咳嗽、气急与紫绀。X线提示肺气肿征占89.4％,肺动脉段突出或右室肥大占61.2％,心电图符合肺心病改变占67.1％。并发症有心功能不全42.5％、呼吸衰竭28.1％、感染性休克9.7％。病死率为30.6％,死因是综合因素,呼吸衰竭或肺脑占76.5％,其它有酸碱失衡、电解质紊乱、休克等,其中死于窒息与猝死分别为11.7％与5.9％。为此,本文对肺心病的有关治疗问题作了讨论。     

肠道微生物菌群失调与CNS相关疾病

肠道微生物菌群与人类的健康和疾病息息相关。近年有研究发现,肠道微生物菌群失调对CNS相关疾病(帕金森病、脑卒中、Alzheimer’s病、多发性硬化、抑郁症等)的发病和进展起着至关重要的作用。本文综述了肠道微生物菌群失调与CNS疾病的相关性,以提高临床医师的对疾病新的认识,为CNS相关疾病的预防和治疗提供新的思路。     

慢支灵联合盐酸精氨酸方案治疗慢性支气管炎246例临床研究

目的：探讨慢支灵联合盐酸精氨酸方案在治疗慢性支气管炎及其所致酸碱失衡等并发症的有效性及安全性。方法：将本院246例慢性支气管炎患者随机分为两组,A组（对照组）采用常规抗感染平喘等对症支持治疗;B组（治疗照组）在常规治疗基础上采用慢支灵联合盐酸精氨酸治疗。结果：治疗后两组患者动脉血气酸碱指标及肺功能指标差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;A、B两组治疗总有效率及平均住院时间分别为84.55%、（16.6±7.4）d及93.50%、（11.3±6.8）d,两指标之间差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：慢支灵联合盐酸精氨酸中西医结合的方案治疗慢性支气管炎,可更稳定的维持患者酸碱平衡、明显改善肺功能、缩短住院时间,具有优越的疗效,可提高患者生活质量。     

Leptin in the Anterior Piriform Cortex Affects Food Intake in Rats

Leptin administered intracerebroventricularly (ICV) or intrahypothalamically inhibits food intake (FI), however, to our knowledge the effects of leptin administration have only been examined in one extrahypothalamic site (dorsal raphe nucleus). Our objectives were t. (1) determine the FI effects of leptin administration into the anterior piriform cortex (APC), an area linked to the control of FI in amino acid (AA) deficiency, (2) examine leptin action during short term anorexia that develops in response to AA deficiency. Bilateral injections of leptin (0.25 μ) into the APC suppressed FI of a balanced diet between 6 and 12 h by 36% (p < 0.01) and over the first 12 and 24 h by 15% (p < 0.05). Bilateral administration of leptin (0.1 μg) inhibited FI between 12 and 24 h by approximately 48% (p < 0.05) on a threonine-imbalanced diet without significantly affecting FI on a threonine-corrected diet. The increase of plasma leptin concentrations in response to feeding a threonine-basal diet was greater than that following an AA imbalanced diet, suggesting that suppression of FI by an AA imbalanced diet is not mediated by an increase of leptin. Our results suggest that (1) administration of leptin into a brain area outside the hypothalamus suppresses FI, and (2) leptin is unlikely to play a selective role in the short term anorectic response to AA deficiency. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that endogenous leptin can act within the APC to modulate FI.     

Modification of LKB 8600 for 1-Minute Determination of Creatine Kinase Activity in Serum

The degree of respiratory compensation to metabolic acid-base disturbances in a series of patients at the University Hospital, Lund was studied. As there was no statistical significance between the compensation lines for metabolic acidosis and for metabolic alkalosis, one single compensation line for metabolic disturbances could be drawn.     

Work experiences among nurses and physicians in the beginning of their professional careers – analyses using the effort–reward imbalance model

Scand J Caring Sci; 2013; 27; 36–43 Work experiences among nurses and physicians in the beginning of their professional careers – analyses using the effort–reward imbalance model The aim of the study was to scrutinise how nurses and physicians, employed by the county councils in Sweden, assess their work environment in terms of effort and reward at the start of their career. The aim was also to estimate associations between work satisfaction and the potential outcomes from the effort–reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire. The study group, 198 nurses and 242 physicians who graduated in 1999, is a subsample drawn from a national cross‐sectional survey. Data were collected in the third year after graduation among the nurses and in the fourth year after graduation among registered physicians. The effort–reward imbalance questionnaire, together with a question on work satisfaction, was used to evaluate psychosocial factors at work. The results reveal that nurses scored higher on effort, lower on reward and experienced higher effort–reward imbalance, compared with physicians. Women scored higher on work‐related overcommitment (WOC) compared with men. Among the physicians, logistic regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between WOC and ERI, sex, effort and reward. Logistic regression analysis also revealed a statistically significant association between WOC and ERI and between WOC and effort among the nurses. Dissatisfaction with work was significantly higher among those who scored worst on all three ERI subscales (effort, reward and WOC) and also among those with the highest ERI ratios compared with the other respondents. In conclusion, to prevent future work‐related health problems and work dissatisfaction among nurses and physicians in the beginning of their professional careers, signs of poor psychosocial working conditions have to been taken seriously. In future work‐related stress research among healthcare personnel, gender‐specific aspects of working conditions must be further highlighted to develop more gender‐sensitive analyses.     

Evaluation of Oxidative Metabolism in Child and Adolescent Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective

Oxidative metabolism is impaired in several medical conditions including psychiatric disorders, and this imbalance may be involved in the etiology of these diseases. The present study evaluated oxidative balance in pediatric and adolescent patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods

The study included 48 children and adolescents (34 male, 14 female) with ADHD who had no neurological, systemic, or comorbid psychiatric disorders, with the exception of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and 24 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (17 male and seven female).

Results

TAS was significantly lower, and TOS and OSI were significantly higher in patients with ADHD than in healthy controls. Total antioxidant levels were lower in patients with comorbid ODD than in those with no comorbidity. No difference was found in TOS or OSI among the ADHD subtypes; however, TAS was higher in the attention-deficient subtype.

Conclusion

Our findings demonstrated that oxidative balance is impaired and oxidative stress is increased in children and adolescents with ADHD. This results are consistent with those of previous studies.     

Relationship between effort–reward imbalance and hair cortisol concentration in female kindergarten teachers

Objective

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between effort–reward imbalance and hair cortisol concentration among teachers to examine whether hair cortisol can be a biomarker of chronic work stress.

Methods

Hair samples were collected from 39 female teachers from three kindergartens. Cortisol was extracted from the hair samples with methanol, and cortisol concentrations were measured with high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Work stress was measured using the effort–reward imbalance scale.

Results

The ratio of effort to reward showed significantly positive association with hair cortisol concentration.

Conclusion

The cortisol concentration in the system increases with the effort–reward imbalance. Measurement of hair cortisol can become a useful biomarker of chronic work stress.