口腔颌面部牙源性感染的微生物学及药物治疗

<正>在口腔颌面部感染的现代研究中,仍然延续传统的以感染途径分类的方法:即牙源性感染和非牙源性感染。其中牙源性感染是颌面外科临床中最多见的感染类型。有资料显示:牙源性感染病例占口腔颌面外科病例总数的11.3%[1]。亦有学者报道,牙源性感染占颌面颈部脓肿及蜂窝织炎病例的77.7%[2]。陈文君等[3]报道,在112例口腔颌面部间隙感染中,牙源性感染99例,占88.3%。     

From “Bibbid-Bobbidi-Boo” to Scrooge: an update and comparative analysis of the portrayal of older characters in recent Disney animated films

Disney animated films continue to be a medium viewed by millions of young audiences across the world. As such, Disney content messages – which are often repeatedly viewed by children – and correlating implications should frequently be assessed. The objective for this investigation was to evaluate the portrayal of older adults in more recent Disney animated films (from 2004 to 2016) to provide both an update and comparative analysis to previous explorations. Results suggest comparable findings: we note a similarity in the overall negative portrayal of older characters in recent Disney animated films compared to previous films. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in “neutral” or general aging qualities, as well as a slight increase in the number of older adults depicted as “the villain.” Implications and observations are offered in efforts to improve ageist representations, particularly in a medium that is exceptionally prevalent in the lives of many young people.     

多领域多层次的护理科研人才培养

我国护理科研工作近年来取得了长足的发展,但是科研人才的培养和梯队建设还需管理者更多的关注。文章提出按照不同领域和层次的需要培养护理科研人才,从而构建多元立体的护理科研发展体系。重点阐述了临床护理机构中护理科研人才的培养策略,建议结合临床护理实践,重点培养应用型护理科研人才,并应充分考虑人才的不同教育背景和工作经历,实现分层次、分阶段的培养目标,充分调动各级护理人员的积极性,形成可持续发展的护理科研人才培养体系。     

一种大豆秸秆蜜环菌培养基及其生产条件的优化

目的 为了解决天麻栽培中对木材的大量使用造成的森林资源破坏及栽培成本增加问题,该研究对农作物余料替代木材（或木屑）培养蜜环菌的可行性进行了探讨,以期降低天麻的栽培成本,同时使农作物余料得到有效利用,进而保护林木资源。方法 观察蜜环菌的生长情况,划线法测量蜜环菌生长速度;苯酚浓硫酸法测定不同培养基中蜜环菌的总多糖含量;为了进一步优化大豆秸秆培养基配比,对主料配比、蔗糖含量、无机盐含量及含水量进行四因素三水平L₉（3⁴）正交优化试验。结果 通过比较不同培养基培养中蜜环菌的生长情况,发现大豆秸秆培养基培养的蜜环菌从接种第4天就开始生长,菌丝长势好,生长速度为0.352 cm·d^-1,是桦木屑培养基生长速度0.283 cm·d^-1的1.48倍;大豆秸秆培养基培养的蜜环菌总多糖含量最高,为39.260 mg·g^-1,远远高于桦木屑培养的蜜环菌总多糖含量17.028 mg·g^-1,大豆秸秆培养基优势明显;主料（大豆秸秆与麦麸）配比为8∶2,蔗糖含量为主料的1%,无机盐含量为主料含量的0.5%,含水量50%时,蜜环菌生长速度稳定为0.392 cm·d^-1。结论 该研究结果为天麻栽培中使用大豆秸秆培养基替代木材（或木屑）培养基培养的蜜环菌提供了依据,为天麻在栽培中减少林木资源浪费、保护自然环境提供了参考。     

经典名方中茯苓的本草考证

通过查阅历代本草、医籍等古代资料,结合中国知网、万方等数据库收录的现代文献,对《古代经典名方目录（第一批）》中方剂涉及的茯苓药材的基原、产地与品质、采收期、加工炮制方法、栽培技术等方面进行全面梳理与考证,为包含茯苓药材的经典名方品种开发与研究提供参考。经考证可知,古代茯苓入药的基原应为多孔菌科茯苓Poria cocos的干燥菌核。其产地在我国分布广泛,主产于安徽、湖北、河南、云南,以云南所产品质较佳,安徽、湖北产量较大。茯苓古今品质评价结论基本一致,均以块大、质重、皮薄多皱、断面白色细腻者为佳。采收期多为阴历八月,初加工经历古代阴干到现代“发汗”后阴干的演变;茯苓从古至今炮制方法主要为切制,可将其加工成“茯苓块”和“茯苓片”。栽培技术经历了“野生茯苓-活体松根接种-段木接种”的演化过程,目前茯苓主要以人工段木栽培为主,技术方法成熟、产量丰富,可以满足经典名方的研发需求。     

Isolation and cultivation of metabolically competent alveolar epithelial cells from A/J mice

The A/J mouse strain is used in lung cancer studies. To enable mechanistic investigations the isolation and cultivation of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) is desirable. Based on four different protocols dispase digestion of lung tissue was best and yielded 9.3 ± 1.5 × 10⁶ AECs. Of these 61 ± 13% and 43 ± 5% were positive for AP and NBT staining, respectively. Purification by discontinuous Percoll gradient centrifugation did not change this ratio; however, reduced the total cell yield to 4.4 ± 1.1 × 10⁶ AECs. Flow cytometry of lectin bound AECs determined 91 ± 7% and 87 ± 5% as positive for Helix pomatia and Maclura pomifera to evidence type II pneumocytes. On day 3 in culture the ethoxyresorufin-O-demethylase activity was 251 ± 80 pmol/4 h × 1.5 × 10⁶ and the production of androstenedione proceed at 243.5 ± 344.4 pmol/24 h × 1.5 × 10⁶ AECs.However, 6-α, 6-β and 16-β-hydroxytestosterone were produced about 20-fold less as compared to androstenedione and the production of metabolites depended on the culture media supplemented with 2% mouse serum or 10% FCS. Finally, by RT-PCR expression of CYP genes was confirmed in lung tissue and AECs; a link between testosterone metabolism and CYP2A12, 3A16 and 2B9/10 expression was established. Taken collectively, AECs can be successfully isolated and cultured for six days while retaining metabolic competence.     

基于ISSR的甘肃不同产区栽培当归遗传多样性研究

目的研究甘肃不同产区栽培当归的遗传多样性。方法应用ISSR分子标记技术对甘肃省41个居群的栽培当归样本进行分析,利用Popgene 32软件分析Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)等遗传信息参数,应用Ntsys软件构建亲缘关系UPGMA聚类图。结果 8条引物共检测到154个位点,其中多态性位点119个,多态位点百分率(PPB)为77.27%。栽培当归居群间的H为0.222 9,Shannon’s多样性信息指数(I)为0.337 4,种群间基因分化系数(Gst)为0.683 9,基因流(Nm)为0.2311,遗传距离变化范围0.042 9~0.327 8。结论甘肃栽培当归遗传多样性在物种水平上较高;居群间遗传多样性水平明显高于居群内;居群间遗传分化程度大,且基本无基因交流。     

大鼠脂肪源性干细胞分离培养的实验研究

目的研究分离、培养、鉴定大鼠脂肪源性干细胞的实验方法。方法提取大鼠双侧腹股沟处脂肪组织,进行原代培养及流式细胞检测仪的鉴定。用MTT法检测不同原代细胞接种密度的细胞分裂增殖率的变化,并观察第1^第13代细胞分裂增殖的特点。结果大鼠脂肪源性干细胞的生长呈大量细胞集落,表面标记物CD44、CD105、CD49d表达阳性,CD106表达阴性。不同的原代细胞接种密度会影响细胞分裂增殖,以1×106/ml细胞密度接种时细胞的增殖速率高于其它对照组。该细胞株经多次传代后仍能保持较强的分裂增殖能力。结论大鼠脂肪源性干细胞分离培养方法简便,不同的原代细胞接种密度会影响细胞分裂增殖,细胞经多次传代后仍能保持较强的分裂增殖能力。     

医患关系改善之我见——如何成为符合新时代需求的医生

在当前医患关系较为紧张的情况下,除了需要政府及社会各界广泛重视,改善从医环境,医生应如何加强自我培养和修炼,成为一名医德高尚、技术精湛的优秀医生以改善医患关系。     

生物医学工程专业《医学图像处理》课程改革设计

从内容特色化、教学信息化、突出能力培养、突出实验教学、考核多样化5个方面介绍了《医学图像处理》课程的教学改革及探索,并详细分析了课程建设的效果,指出了该种课程教学新模式具有独特的教学风格和特色,可使生物医学工程专业的学生扎实掌握医学影像方面的基础知识,具备熟练的医学影像处理能力,从而为以后的相关工作打下良好的基础。