SVZa神经干细胞诱导分化为多巴胺能神经元的实验研究

目的研究骨形成蛋白-2(bone morphogenetic protein-2,BMP2)及星形胶质细胞条件培养液(astrocyte-conditioned medium,ACM)在室管膜前下区(anterior subventricular zone,SVZa)神经干细胞分化为多巴胺能神经元中的作用。方法体外培养SVZa神经干细胞,然后分为对照组、BMP2组、ACM组、BMP2 ACM组,通过免疫组化和流式细胞仪技术检测各组中SV-Za神经干细胞分化为TH (酪氨酸羟化酶)细胞的比例。结果各实验组的TH 细胞比例均明显高于对照组,其中BMP2 ACM组分化比例最高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论BMP2及ACM可以促进SVZa神经干细胞向多巴胺能神经元分化,而且BMP2与ACM有正协同作用。     

Regulation of astrocyte pathology by fluoxetine prevents the deterioration of Alzheimer phenotypes in an APP/PS1 mouse model

Studies have implicated astrocytic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the role of astrocytes in the pathophysiology and treatment of the disease is poorly characterized. Here, we identified astrocytes as independent key factors involved in several Alzheimer‐like phenotypes in an APP/PS1 mouse model, including amyloid pathology, altered neuronal and synaptic properties, and impaired cognition. In vitro astrocytes from APP/PS1 mice induced synaptotoxicity as well as reduced dendritic complexity and axonal branching of hippocampal neurons. These astrocytes produced high levels of soluble β‐amyloid (Aβ) which could be significantly inhibited by fluoxetine (FLX) via activating serotonin 5‐HT₂ receptors. FLX could also protect hippocampal neurons against astrocyte‐induced neuronal damage in vitro. In the same APP/PS1 mice, FLX inhibited activation of astrocytes, lowered Aβ products, ameliorated neurotoxicity, and improved behavioral performance. These findings may provide a basis for the clinical application of FLX in patients, and may also lay the groundwork for exploration of other novel astrocyte‐based therapies of AD. GLIA 2016;64:240–254     

Precision Cardiovascular Medicine: State of Genetic Testing

In the 15 years following the release of the first complete human genome sequences, our understanding of rare and common genetic variation as determinants of cardiovascular disease susceptibility, prognosis, and therapeutic response has grown exponentially. As such, the use of genomics to enhance the care of patients with cardiovascular diseases has garnered increased attention from clinicians, researchers, and regulatory agencies eager to realize the promise of precision genomic medicine. However, owing to a large burden of “complex” common diseases, emphasis on evidence-based practice, and a degree of unfamiliarity/discomfort with the language of genomic medicine, the development and implementation of genomics-guided approaches designed to further individualize the clinical management of a variety of cardiovascular disorders remains a challenge. In this review, we detail a practical approach to genetic testing initiation and interpretation as well as review the current state of cardiovascular genetic and pharmacogenomic testing in the context of relevant society and regulatory agency recommendations/guidelines.     

积极式个案管理模式对精神分裂症患者生活质量影响的研究

目的探讨积极式个案管理模式对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法选取800例精神分裂症患者随机分为两组,分别接受积极式个案管理治疗（研究组,入组400例,完成380侧）和普通康复治疗（对照组,入组400例,完成350例）,应用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、Camberwell需求评价量表（CAN）、生活质量量表（QOLS）、家庭负担量表（FBI）和WHO-精神残疾评价量表简化版（DAS—S）分别于入组前、入组后1年、2年末对患者的精神症状、生活质量变化等进行评定。结果（1）治疗后,PANSS总分和阴性症状评分,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;（2）CAN帮助栏目分量表中基本生活、家庭和社会职能及社会救助因子分研究组较前均有下降,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,cAN帮助来源分量表中社会帮助因子分研究组较前升高,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;（3）生活质量量表中日常生活、家庭生活及安全感因子分,研究组均有提高,对照组无变化,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;（4）家庭负担量表评分,家庭经济和心理健康因子分,研究组明显下降,对照组无变化,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;（5）精神残疾评价量表评分,研究组DAS—S评分有下降,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论积极式个案管理模式能提高精神分裂症患者社会功能及生活质量。     

A case of heart failure due to alcoholic cardiomyopathy combined with acute pulmonary embolism

It has not been reported that cases of alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) combined with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). We hereby present a case of a 48-year-old male with ACM with significant enlargement of the heart and heart failure is described. Then, the patient was seized with acute PE which was confirmed by specific examination and his symptoms.     

Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

ObjectiveTo conduct a meta-analysis summarizing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality (ACM) in relation to alcohol consumption in patients with hypertension, focusing on clarifying dose-response associations.Patients and MethodsPubMed and EMBASE were searched for eligible prospective cohort studies from December 3, 1949, through January 18, 2014. The semi-parameter method and dose-response analysis were used.ResultsNine studies (11 cohorts) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with the lowest alcohol level (abstainers/occasional drinkers), the pooled relative risk (RR) was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.68-0.77) for the third highest category (median, 10 g/d), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.71-0.93) for the second highest category (median, 20 g/d), and 0.60 (95% CI, 0.54-0.67) for the highest category (median, 30 g/d). A J-shaped relationship between alcohol use and ACM was observed, and the nadir (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.76-0.88) was found to be at a dose of 8 to 10 g of alcohol consumption per day.ConclusionFindings of this meta-analysis suggest that low-to-moderate alcohol consumption was inversely significantly associated with the risk of CVD and ACM in patients with hypertension.