Effects of Sodium Chloride and Ethanol on Stomach Tumorigenesis in ACI Rats Treated with N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine: A Quantitative Morphometric Approach

Effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) and ethanol on gastric tumor development in rats after treatment with N -methyl- N' -nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were studied. MNNG, dissolved in distilled water (5 g/liter), was administered orally once fay gastric tube at a dose of 0.25 ml/10 g body weight to 4-week-old ACI rats. After this carcinogen initiation, animals were fed on a diet containing 10% NaCl (Group 2) or normal diet with 10% ethanol in the drinking water (Group 4). MNNG alone (Group 1), NaCl alone (Group 3), ethanol alone (Group 5), and control (Group 6) animals were also maintained. All survivors were killed one year after the MNNG application. Incidences of tumors in the forestomach and glandular stomach were significantly increased in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 ( P <0.05). The height of the pyloric mucosa was significantly greater in Group 2 than in Groups 4, 5 or 6 ( P <0.05). In the fundic area, the mucosal height was significantly decreased in Group 4 as compared to Group 6 ( P < 0.05). The present results demonstrate that whereas tumors in the glandular stomach and forestomach are both promoted by NaCl, ethanol is without influence. Furthermore, NaCl, a promoter of glandular stomach tumorigenesis also increases cell proliferation.     

脑梗死患者载脂蛋白AI基因多态性分布的病例对照研究

目的 观察载脂蛋白ＡＩ基因多态性在动脉粥样硬化脑梗死患者中的分布,探讨基因型与脑梗死的关系。方法 用聚合酶链反应技术（ＰＣＲ）检测北京地区１９９例脑本钱 ２０４例健康人的载脂蛋白ＡＩ基因启动子和第一内含子两个ＭｓｐＩ酶发位点限制性片段长度多态民生（ＲＬＦＰ）。结果 北京地区４０３例受检者中载脂蛋白ＡＩ基因启动子均以Ｍ１＋＝和Ｍ１＋－为主要基因型,第一内含子大多数为Ｍ２＋＋基因型;脑梗组ＭＡ＋－基因     

Early health economic modelling of single‐stage cartilage repair. Guiding implementation of technologies in regenerative medicine

Both the complexity of clinically applied tissue engineering techniques for articular cartilage repair – such as autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) – plus increasing healthcare costs, and market competition, are forcing a shift in focus from two‐stage to single‐stage interventions that are more cost‐effective. Early health economic models are expected to provide essential insight in the parameters driving the cost‐effectiveness of new interventions before they are introduced into clinical practice. The present study estimated the likely incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) of a new investigator‐driven single‐stage procedure (IMPACT) compared with both microfracture and ACI, and identified those parameters that affect the cost‐effectiveness. A decision tree with clinical health states was constructed. The ICER was calculated by dividing the incremental societal costs by the incremental Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). Costs were determined from a societal perspective. A headroom analysis was performed to determine the maximum price of IMPACT compared with both ACI and microfracture, assuming a societal willingness to pay (WTP) of €30 000/QALY. One‐way sensitivity analysis was performed to identify those parameters that drive the cost‐effectiveness. The societal costs of IMPACT, ACI and microfracture were found to be €11 797, €29 741 and €6081, respectively. An 8% increase in all utilities after IMPACT changes the ICER of IMPACT vs. microfracture from €147 513/QALY to €28 588/QALY. Compared with ACI, IMPACT is less costly, which is largely attributable to the cell expansion procedure that has been rendered redundant. While microfracture can be considered the most cost‐effective treatment option for smaller defects, a single‐stage tissue engineering procedure can replace ACI to improve the cost‐effectiveness for treating larger defects, especially if clinical non‐inferiority can be achieved. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

银杏达莫治疗急性脑梗死120例临床疗效观察

[目的]观察银杏达莫注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。[方法]选择急性脑梗死患者120例,随机分为研究组和对照组各60例,在常规治疗基础上,研究组使用银杏达莫注射液,对照组使用丹参注射液,21d为1个疗程,观察血液流变学的变化,并进行神经功能缺损评分。[结果]总有效率研究组为93.4%,对照组为66.7%,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组比较,血液流变学指标和神经功能缺损评分差异均有显著性(P0.05),两组均无不良反应。[结论]银杏达莫治疗急性脑梗死,疗效较高,安全性良好。     

Comparison of aerosol formulations of formoterol fumarate and budesonide

The aerodynamic diameter of pharmaceutical aerosols is the main factor governing their deposition in the human respiratory tract. Particle size of the pharmaceutical aerosols is characterized by liquid impingers and Andersen Cascade Impactors. The present study was aimed at comparing two metered dose inhaler formulation containing formoterol fumarate (6 μg) and budesonide (200 μg). These two formulations were evaluated by using Twin Stage Impinger and Andersen Cascade Impactor. Study revealed that developed metered dose inhaler I formulation of the formoterol fumarate and budesonide had lower mass median aerodynamic diameter and higher fine particle fraction than marketed formulation.     

通心络对急性脑梗死治疗作用基础与临床研究

目的通心络对急性脑梗死治疗作用的基础和临床研究。方法135例患者随机分成治疗组和对照组。治疗前后查Tin、t—PA、PAl、AⅢ、ACA、D—dinaer、tHey、Ps、Pc,并于15天、30天、90天行ESS和Barthel指数评分。结果与治疗前相比,治疗后两组患者血Till、PAl显著下降(P相似文献   

Contribution of microCT structural imaging to preclinical evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma chemotherapeutics on orthotopic graft in ACI rats

Animal experimentation is a prerequisite for preclinical evaluation of treatments such as chemotherapy. It's strictly regulated with the purpose of reducing the number of experimental animal as well as their pain. Small animal imaging should provide a painless longitudinal follow up of tumor progression on a single animal. The aim of the study is to validate small animal imaging by microscanner (μscan) in longitudinal follow up of a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to demonstrate its interest for in vivo evaluation of tumor response to different therapeutics. An HCC model achieved by orthotopic graft of the MH3924A cell line in ACI rats was followed using a Imtek/Siemens microscanner (μscan) with contrast agents (Fenestra^® LC/VC). The procedures giving the optimal enhancement of the liver as well as a reliable determination of tumor volumes by μscan were validated. Three protocols for therapeutic assessment through μscan longitudinal follow up were performed. Each consisted in three groups testing a chemotherapy (gemcitabine, gemcitabine-oxaliplatine or sorafenib) versus two control groups (placebo and doxorubicine). Comparison was done on tumor volumes, median and actual survivals. There was a significant correlation between tumor volumes measured by μscan and autopsy. Treatment by sorafenib, at the contrary of gemcitabine alone or with oxaliplatine, resulted in a significant reduction in tumor volumes and prolongation of actuarial survival. These results are consistent with available clinical data for these diverse therapeutics. In conclusion, small animal imaging with μscan is a non-invasive, reliable, and reproducible method for preclinical evaluation of antitumor agents.     

依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死的疗效观察

目的：观察依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死（ACI）的疗效。方法：对100例发病时间在6～48 h的ACI患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组各50例。治疗组用依达拉奉30 mg加入生理盐水100 mL静脉滴注,每天2次,连用10 d;对照组除依达拉奉外,余治疗均同治疗组。在治疗前、后进行脑卒中（NIHSS）评分和临床疗效评定,两组间进行比较。结果：治疗组治疗后7,14,30 d时NIHSS均显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;治疗组治疗后14,30 d时显效率和有效率均明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：依达拉奉治疗急性脑梗死有显著疗效,且无明显不良反应。     

贫血对脑梗死患者预后的影响

目的：探讨贫血对脑梗死患者预后的影响。方法选取2014年8月至2015年9月于我院神经内科收治的脑梗死患者240例,根据入院时血红蛋白检测结果将其分为贫血组与非贫血组,其中贫血组56例,非贫血组184例。比较两组患者的相关临床特点及预后,对影响预后的相关因素进行单因素和多因素分析。结果与非贫血组相比,贫血组患者NIHSS评分更高,年龄更大,冠心病病史、慢性肾衰竭、出血性脑血管病史比例更高,而吸烟及饮酒比例更低,预后更差,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。根据单因素分析结果显示,年龄、NHISS评分、吸烟、慢性肾衰竭、出血性脑血管疾病史、贫血与脑梗死的预后密切相关(P<0.05),多因素Logistic回归分析结显示,贫血(OR=1.017,95%CI 1.005~1.029;P=0.007)、慢性肾衰竭(OR=1.788,95%CI 1.329~2.404;P=0.000)及出血性脑血管病病史(OR=4.315,95%CI 2.504~7.438;P=0.000)是脑梗死预后不良的独立预测因素。结论合并贫血的脑梗死患者预后更差;贫血、慢性肾衰竭及出血性脑血管病病史是脑梗死预后不良的独立预测因素。