改良ABC设计的非球面IOL植入对白内障患者术后视觉质量的影响

目的:评估改良非球面平衡曲线(ABC)设计的非球面人工晶状体(IOL)植入术后的视觉质量,同时进行临床IOL选择的影响因素分析,指导患者的IOL选择方案。方法:前瞻性病例对照研究。选取拟行白内障超声乳化联合折叠式IOL植入术的单纯性白内障患者67例74眼,其中观察组植入改良设计IOL 23眼(HOYA Vivinex XY1组),对照组植入传统设计IOL 51眼(Tecnis ZCB00组27眼,IQ SN60WF组24眼),术后1wk, 1mo测量裸眼视力及最佳矫正视力、不同瞳孔直径下(3、4、5、6mm)全眼球差及彗差、不同瞳孔直径(3、4、5mm)下的调制传递函数(MTF)曲线、客观散射指数(OSI)、眼内散射光值Log(s)及对比敏感度。对所得的数据进行统计学分析。结果:三组术后1wk, 1mo裸眼视力及最佳矫正视力均较术前显著提高,组间均无差异(P>0.05)。术后全眼球差值比较,术后1wk, 5、6mm瞳孔直径下三组存在差异(P=0.045、0.037),术后1mo 6mm瞳孔直径下三组存在差异(P=0.042)。全眼彗差值比较,术后1wk, 1mo 5、6mm瞳孔直...     

不同证候H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤ABC转运蛋白家族基因转录特征

目的:观察不同证候H22荷瘤小鼠肿瘤组织ABC转运蛋白家族基因表达的特征。方法:对来源于早期邪毒壅盛和单纯气虚、中期阳气虚和中晚期气阴阳虚四种证候小鼠H22肿瘤组织4张Affymetrix GeneChip Mouse Exon 1.0 STArray数据标准化处理后,筛选其中的ABC转运蛋白基因进行差异分析。结果:从芯片中共筛选出与ABC转运蛋白有关的基因47个,以邪毒壅盛小鼠肿瘤基因转录最活跃,气虚次之,阳气虚最低;四种常见证候间共有25个基因转录具有明显差异;Abce1和Abcf1等7个基因中在四种常见证候肿瘤中转录水平最高。结论:Tap1(Abcb2)和Abcd2等6个高表达基因可能是邪毒壅盛型小鼠肿瘤增长快的重要因素;不同证候荷瘤小鼠肿瘤组织中的ABC转运蛋白基因转录既存在一定共性又存在很大差异,进一步证明了H22荷瘤小鼠证候客观存在的物质基础,为中医辨证论治提供分子依据。     

中国西北地区汉族人群三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1-V771M与血浆高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平及冠心病的相关性

目的:探讨中国西北地区汉族人群三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(ABCA1)的V771 M单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)与血浆HDL水平和冠心病(CHD)的关系。方法:采用病例对照研究,选择经选择性冠状动脉造影(CAG)的中国西北地区汉族人群292例,其中CHD患者176例,正常对照组111例,被剔除5例,聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性法检测ABCA1-V771 M多态性的基因型,计算V771 M各基因型及等位基因频率分布,分别比较V771 M不同基因型组间临床及血脂生化等指标,分析V771 M多态性对HDL-C水平和CHD的影响。结果:中国西北地区汉族人群的ABCA1-V771 M多态性分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡规律,V、M等位基因频率分别为33.91%和66.09%。MM型的HDL-C水平明显低于VV加VM型(P<0.01),但其余血脂成分水平与V771 M各基因型均无相关性(P>0.05)。M等位基因在CHD组的分布频率明显高于V等位基因(P<0.05),M等位基因相关的冠状动脉病变程度显著高于V等位基因(P<0.05),ABCA1-V771 M3种基因型的急性心肌梗死发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:在中国西北地区汉族人群中,ABCA1-V771 M多态性不仅与血浆HDL-C水平明显相关,而且与CHD易感性及冠状动脉病变严重程度明显相关,V771 M的M等位基因具有致冠状动脉粥样硬化和CHD的遗传学功能。     

Rociletinib (CO-1686) enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents in ABCG2-overexpressing cancer cells in vitro and in vivo

Overexpression of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) in cancer cells is known to cause multidrug resistance (MDR), which severely limits the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy. Currently, there is no FDA-approved MDR modulator for clinical use. In this study, rociletinib (CO-1686), a mutant-selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), was found to significantly improve the efficacy of ABCG2 substrate chemotherapeutic agents in the transporter-overexpressing cancer cells in vitro and in MDR tumor xenografts in nude mice, without incurring additional toxicity. Mechanistic studies revealed that in ABCG2-overexpressing cancer cells, rociletinib inhibited ABCG2-mediated drug efflux and increased intracellular accumulation of ABCG2 probe substrates. Moreover, rociletinib, inhibited the ATPase activity, and competed with [¹²⁵I] iodoarylazidoprazosin (IAAP) photolabeling of ABCG2. However, ABCG2 expression at mRNA and protein levels was not altered in the ABCG2-overexpressing cells after treatment with rociletinib. In addition, rociletinib did not inhibit EGFR downstream signaling and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Our results collectively showed that rociletinib reversed ABCG2-mediated MDR by inhibiting ABCG2 efflux function, thus increasing the cellular accumulation of the transporter substrate anticancer drugs. The findings advocated the combination use of rociletinib and other chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer patients with ABCG2-overexpressing MDR tumors.     

Prediction of Falls in Subjects Suffering From Parkinson Disease,Multiple Sclerosis,and Stroke

Objective

To compare the risk of falls and fall predictors in patients with Parkinson disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and stroke using the same study design.

ABC分类与信息管理法在医院药库管理中的工作效率分析

目的比较医院药库管理中采用ABC分类和信息管理法的工作效率。方法利用我院药库计算机管理系统对我院2012年1月至2013年12月的药品销售及库存数据信息进行分析,采用两种物流分类管理方法,即ABC分类法、信息管理法,分析每种分类管理方法所占资金、库存量等指标。结果两种方法年药品采购种类、采购周期、安全库存周期、年采购金额和年采购次数比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。信息管理法的年采购药品种类多于ABC分类法,其安全库存周期和年采购金额短于ABC分类法,年采购次数少于ABC分类法。两种方法的库存周转率、平均库存值、断货率、药品资金占用率、采购周期和盘点工作量比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),信息管理法库存周转率大于ABC分类法,平均库存值、断货率和药品资金占用率低于ABC分类法,药品采购周期和盘点工作量短于ABC分类法。通过分析每月Q1(流入累计)与Q2(流出累计)所包围的面积,ABC分类法每月库存周转量低于信息管理法。结论应综合考虑影响药品合理库存的因素,以科学性和实用性为原则,在减少药品和资金浪费的基础上满足患者和临床治疗的需求,制定合理的医院药库管理方法。     

Photoparoxysmal response in ADCK3 autosomal recessive ataxia: a case report and literature review

Mutations in AarF domain‐containing kinase 3 (ADCK3) are responsible for the most frequent form of hereditary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency (Q10 deficiency‐4), which is mainly associated with autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia type 2 (ARCA2). Clinical presentation is characterized by a variable degree of cerebellar atrophy and a broad spectrum of associated symptoms, including muscular involvement, movement disorders, neurosensory loss, cognitive impairment, psychiatric symptoms and epilepsy. In this report, we describe, for the first time, a case of photoparoxysmal response in a female patient with a mutation in ADCK3. Disease onset occurred in early childhood with gait ataxia, and mild‐to‐moderate degeneration. Seizures appeared at eight years and six months, occurring only during sleep. Photoparoxysmal response was observed at 14 years, almost concomitant with the genetic diagnosis (c.901C>T;c.589‐3C>G) and the start of CoQ10 oral supplementation. A year later, disease progression slowed down, and photosensitivity was attenuated. A review of the literature is provided focusing on epileptic features of ADCK3‐related disease as well as the physiopathology of photoparoxysmal response and supposed cerebellar involvement in photosensitivity. Moreover, the potential role of CoQ10 oral supplementation is discussed. Prospective studies on larger populations are needed to further understand these data.     

Does Acetaldehyde Mediate Ethanol Action in the Central Nervous System?

BACKGROUND: Some of the effects of ethanol in the central nervous system are due to changes in function of ligand-gated ion channels. Production of detectable amounts of acetaldehyde, a primary metabolite of ethanol, has been demonstrated in brain homogenates. The aim of this study was to determine whether central actions that are often attributed to ethanol may actually be mediated by acetaldehyde. METHODS: The effects of acetaldehyde (1-1000 microM) were tested by two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing 10 different ligand-gated ion channel receptors [alpha1 glycine; alpha1beta2gamma2Sgamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A; rho1 GABAc; 5-hydroxytryptamine-3A; NR1a/NR2A NMDA; GluR1/GluR2 AMPA; GluR6/KA2 kainate; and alpha4beta2, alpha4beta4, and alpha2beta4 nicotinic-acetylcholine] and the G-protein-coupled inward rectifying potassium channel GIRK2. We also investigated the effect of acetaldehyde on the dopamine transporter (DAT), performing dopamine uptake assays in oocytes expressing DAT. RESULTS: Acetaldehyde (1 and 10 microM) significantly enhanced alpha1 glycine receptor-mediated currents. Acetaldehyde did not affect the function of any of the other receptors tested or the potassium currents measured in GIRK2 channels. Moreover, acetaldehyde did not alter the DAT-mediated dopamine uptake. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest a potential minor role for acetaldehyde in the glycine receptor-mediated effects of ethanol. Otherwise, acetaldehyde does not modulate function of the neuronal receptors tested in this study, in GIRK channels or DAT, when expressed recombinantly in Xenopus laevis oocytes.