全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5364篇 |
免费 | 289篇 |
国内免费 | 132篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 38篇 |
儿科学 | 153篇 |
妇产科学 | 54篇 |
基础医学 | 837篇 |
口腔科学 | 77篇 |
临床医学 | 300篇 |
内科学 | 744篇 |
皮肤病学 | 64篇 |
神经病学 | 264篇 |
特种医学 | 72篇 |
外科学 | 962篇 |
综合类 | 489篇 |
预防医学 | 394篇 |
眼科学 | 67篇 |
药学 | 733篇 |
2篇 | |
中国医学 | 181篇 |
肿瘤学 | 354篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 74篇 |
2022年 | 187篇 |
2021年 | 210篇 |
2020年 | 159篇 |
2019年 | 222篇 |
2018年 | 190篇 |
2017年 | 144篇 |
2016年 | 149篇 |
2015年 | 161篇 |
2014年 | 276篇 |
2013年 | 304篇 |
2012年 | 209篇 |
2011年 | 287篇 |
2010年 | 238篇 |
2009年 | 217篇 |
2008年 | 220篇 |
2007年 | 240篇 |
2006年 | 195篇 |
2005年 | 207篇 |
2004年 | 189篇 |
2003年 | 174篇 |
2002年 | 109篇 |
2001年 | 93篇 |
2000年 | 71篇 |
1999年 | 67篇 |
1998年 | 84篇 |
1997年 | 51篇 |
1996年 | 58篇 |
1995年 | 75篇 |
1994年 | 56篇 |
1993年 | 78篇 |
1992年 | 53篇 |
1991年 | 52篇 |
1990年 | 43篇 |
1989年 | 52篇 |
1988年 | 45篇 |
1987年 | 30篇 |
1986年 | 28篇 |
1985年 | 51篇 |
1984年 | 52篇 |
1983年 | 33篇 |
1982年 | 41篇 |
1981年 | 42篇 |
1980年 | 37篇 |
1979年 | 35篇 |
1978年 | 36篇 |
1977年 | 25篇 |
1976年 | 25篇 |
1975年 | 30篇 |
1973年 | 25篇 |
排序方式: 共有5785条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
E. Remmel H. Zirngibl und Ch. Gebhardt 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》1987,372(1):878
Summary Hemorrhage through the pancreatic duct is a form of upper gastrointestinal bleeding that is rarely described in the literature. Since 1981, we have observed ten cases of hemosuccus pancreaticus due to pancreatitis and one as a complication of an islet-cell carcinoma. The diagnosis of hemosuccus was made ten times preoperatively: eight times by checking the ERP; six times blood was seen coming out of the papilla of Vater/papilla minor; in five cases there were typical findings in the pancreatogram. Angiography showed extravasation in five cases. In our opinion, partial pancreatectomy should be the treatment of choice for pancreatitis in combination with hemosuccus pancreaticus.Zusammenfassung Blutungen über den Ductus Wirsungianus gehören zu den selten beschriebenen Blutungsursachen im oberen Gastrointestinaltrakt. Seit 1981 konnten wir insgesamt 11 Fälle von Pankreasgangblutungen, 10 davon bei Pankreatitiden, beobachten. Achtmal konnte die Diagnose Haemosuccus pancreaticus mittels ERP gestellt werden: Blutaustritt bei der Duodenoskopie sechsmal, typische Kontrastmittelaussparungen im Röntgenbild fünfmal. In der Angiographie zeigten sich bei fünf Patienten Extravasate. (Keine präoperative Diagnose in einem Fall.) Die Teilresektion des Pankreas halten wir für die Therapiemethode der Wahl bei Pankreatitiden mit dieser Komplikation. 相似文献
72.
W. Schaupp H. -W. Menges und M. Trede 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》1987,372(1):839
Zusammenfassung In einer randomisierten Studie wurden 200 Patienten in 2 Gruppen eingeteilt: Konventionelle Cholecystektomie (CE): Magensonde, Drainage und postop. Infusionsbehandlung; ideale CE: keine Drainage, keine Magensonde, keine postop. Infusionsbehandlung. Es gab keine signifikanten Unterschiede bezüglich Schmerzmittelbedarf, OP-Zeit, postop. Aufenthaltsdauer und Fieber-Tage, Beginn der Darmtätigkeit und postop. Komplikationsrate. 2 Komplikationen wurden hervorgehoben: In der 1. Gruppe kam es zu einem subhepatischen Abscess, in der 2. zu einer Gallefistel. Schlufolgerung: Unsere ideale CE: Keine Magensonde, keine Infusionsbehandlung, aber eine subhepatische Drainage. 相似文献
73.
It has been postulated that propranolol lowers the intraocular pressure by adrenergic neurone block. However, in the isolated iris of albino rabbits, there was only a small degree of cocaine-sensitive (i.e., neuronal) accumulation of 3H-(-)-propranolol, and none at all after pretreatment of the animals with reserpine. Moreover, after preloading of the iris with 3H-(-)-propranolol, veratridine failed to release any labelled material. Hence, any adrenergic neurone blocking action of propranolol is highly unlikely.Albino and pigmented irides were first exposed to 3H-(-)-propranolol and then washed out. The results and their compartmental analysis indicated an extensive binding of 3H-(-)-propranolol in or at pigment cells; the binding is characterized by a low dissociation constant. It is very likely that the initial binding and the subsequent slow dissociation from pigment cells explains the long duration of action of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists in human therapy. 相似文献
74.
Long Evans rats were trained to discriminate 0.2 mg/kg IP (±)-rolipram from vehicle injection in a food-motivated two-lever operant task. Eight out of nine rats acquired the discrimination after an average of 91 sessions (min 65, max 137). The ED50 of (±)-rolipram was 0.06 mg/kg IP. Generalization tests with (–)- and (+)-rolipram showed that the (–)-isomer was 8 times more active than (+)-rolipram with an ED50 of 0.06 and 0.4 mg/kg IP respectively. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor RO 20-1724 partially (83%) generalized to (±)-rolipram in doses of 0.6 and 1.0 mg/kg IP. IBMX 5 mg/kg IP showed 63% generalization. Tests with imipramine and the (+)- and (–)-isomer of the noradrenaline uptake inhibitor oxaprotiline suggest that NA-uptake inhibiting drugs do not form an interoceptive cue which is (±)-rolipram-like. dbcAMP 12.5 mg/kg SC and 100 mg/kg SC dbcGMP did not generalize to the training drug. The nature of the discriminative stimulus produced by this dose of (±)-rolipram in rats remains to be elucidated.
Offprint requests to: R. Ortman 相似文献
75.
W. L. E. M. Hesp E. J. C. Lubbers H. H. M. de Boer Th. Hendriks 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》1986,368(2):105-111
Summary In the period 1977–1981 234 small bowel anastomoses were constructed in 143 patients. Eight anastomoses showed leakage (3.4%) and from nine anastomoses a fistula developed (3.8%): a total rate of disturbed healing of small bowel anastomoses (7.3%). In the presence of intra-abdominal infection this rate was 14.8%, in the absence of infection 0.8%. The results of treatment with oversewing and with resection and immediate anastomosis were disappointing. Better results were obtained by dismantling of the anastomosis, establishment of a split-enterostomy and reestablishment of continuity in a second stage. Mortality was 3/17 (18%). The literature is reviewed.
Insuffizienz von Dünndarmanastomosen — Ineidenz und Therapie
Zusammenfassung In dem Zeitraum 1977–1981 wurden bei 143 Patienten 234 Dünndarmanastomosen angelegt. Acht Anastomosen zeigten eine Nahtleckage (3,4%), bei neun entwickelte sich eine Fistel (3,8%): die Gesamthäufigkeit von Wundheilungsstörungen bei Dünndarmanastomosen war 7,3%. Bei gleichzeitigem Vorliegen intraabdominaler Infektionen betrug die Häufigkeit 14,8%, ohne diese 0,8%. Die Resultate einer Therapie durch Übernähung oder Resektion mit sofort anschließender Reanastomosierung waren enttäuschend. Befriedigendere Ergebnisse wurden durch Aufheben der Anastomosen, Anlage einer split enterostomy unter Wiederherstellung der Kontinuität in einer zweiten Sitzung erzielt. Die Mortalität betrug 3/17 (18%). Ein Literaturüberblick wird gegeben.相似文献
76.
The discriminative stimulus properties of three -carboline derivatives were studied in three groups of rats trained, respectively, to discriminate diazepam (2.5 mg/kg IP), chlordiazepoxide (CDP, 5 mg/kg IP) or pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, 15 mg/kg IP) from saline in standard procedures employing two-lever operant chambers. Two -carbolines, ZK 91296 and ZK 93423, substituted for the benzodiazepines in both CDP- and diazepam-trained rats. The neutral benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 blocked the diazepam discriminative stimulus and the ability of ZK 91296 to substitute for diazepam. A third -carboline, FG 7142, was not identified as benzodiazepine-like in generalization tests in either diazepam- or CDP-trained rats, but when administered together with CDP antagonized the benzodiazepine discriminative stimulus. In rats trained to discriminate PTZ from saline (a discrimination which is thought to depend on the anxiogenic properties of PTZ) the PTZ cue was antagonized by diazepam and ZK 93423, and partially antagonized by ZK 91296. The PTZ cue generalized to FG 7142 and this generalization was partially antagonized by Ro 15-1788. These results suggest that the three -carbolines provide more than one kind of discriminative stimulus, consistent with the classification of ZK 93423 as an agonist at central benzodiazepine receptors, with ZK 91 296 as a partial agonist, and with FG 7142 as an inverse agonist. Pharmacologically, ZK 93 423 and ZK 91 296 may exhibit anxiolytic qualities, whereas FG 7142 produces anxiogenic effects. 相似文献
77.
Else Müller-Schweinitzer 《Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology》1984,327(4):299-303
Summary Changes in tension were monitored isometrically on spiral strips from human saphenous veins obtained during surgical removal of varicose veins. Concentration-response curves for noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were established by cumulative administrations, curves for dihydroergotamine were constructed from the mean responses to single concentrations. The use of the antagonists prazosin, yohimbine and pizotifen provided evidence for the existence of both postjunctional 1- and 2-adrenoceptors and for the existence of 5-HT receptors. The venoconstrictor effects of dihydroergotamine were unchanged by prazosin. Yohimbine antagonized both dihydroergotamine and 5-HT at about 60 times higher concentrations than required against noradrenaline whereas pizotifen inhibited responses to both dihydroergotamine and 5-HT at about 100 times lower concentrations than those to noradrenaline.These new results are in contrast to conclusions drawn from animal studies and do not support the suggestion that in man the venoconstrictor activity of dihydroergotamine is mediated through stimulation of -adrenoceptors. The present results strongly suggest that in human saphenous veins the constrictor activity of dihydroergotamine is mediated at least in part through stimulation of 5-HT receptors. 相似文献
78.
Marga Ock Ceciel Dinnissen Annette Stafleu Jeanne de Vries Caroline van Rossum 《Nutrients》2021,13(4)
This study aimed to evaluate the relative validity of intake of energy, nutrients and food groups assessed with MijnEetmeter food diary as compared to 24-h dietary recalls, and if this differed between experienced and new users. One hundred men and women aged 18–70 y participated, of whom 47 had prior experience with the tool. Participants kept MijnEetmeter on three days. Trained dietitians called them three times for a 24-h dietary recall interview, once recalling food consumption on the same day as the food recording in MijnEetmeter. Systematic differences and correlations were assessed, and Bland–Altman plots were created; both for 3-day mean intakes and for intakes on the same day. Relative to 24-h dietary recalls, MijnEetmeter underestimated consumption of drinks, added fat, cereal products, and potatoes. Relative underestimation was observed for energy intake (6%) and about half of the nutrients. Experienced MijnEetmeter users underestimated intake the least. For intake of energy and six key nutrients, correlations between 3-day mean intakes were above 0.7 except for sodium intake. In conclusion, MijnEetmeter moderately underestimates intakes of energy and some nutrients and food groups. To improve the self-monitoring of dietary intake, it is recommended that the users record food consumption for several days and that the apps probes for easily forgotten foods and drinks. 相似文献
79.
《Health & place》2021
Twenty miles per hour (mph) speed limits can impact the health of the public (e.g., road safety, active travel). However, a better understanding of how individuals experience 20mph limits is required, to ensure interventions are cognisant of perceptions and potential un/intended outcomes. Focus groups (n = 9, 60 participants) to explore the Belfast 20mph intervention highlighted divergent perspectives and experiences including: 12 mechanisms (e.g., limited awareness), 15 pathways (e.g., reduced driving speed→improved liveability) and 10 public health outcomes (e.g., increased cyclist safety). Future interventions should consider un/intended outcomes and implement strategies to enhance effectiveness and mitigate harms (e.g., through training, enforcement). 相似文献
80.
探讨纳催离(吲哒帕胺)治疗高血压(HP)合并Ⅱ型糖尿病(NIDDM)病人降压效应及对微量白蛋白(mAlb)尿的影响,并与苯那普利(洛丁)的疗效相比较,对HP合并NIDDM病人46例给予催离以及44例给予苯那普利治疗6个月,进行用药前后24h动态血压(ABPM)及尿mAlb测定,结果显示:与对照组及自身对照相比,纳催离与苯那普利治疗后,ABPM指标及尿mAlb均显著改善(P<0.05或P<0.01),而两药之间疗效对比无差异,上述结果提示,纳催离治疗HP合并NIDDM病人与苯那普利效果一样,明显降低血压的同时,还兼有降低mAlb的作用。 相似文献