脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2、胰岛素样生长因子-1与老年VD患者认知功能的关系及预测价值研究

目的 探讨脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2（Lp-PLA2）、胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）与老年血管性痴呆（VD）患者认知功能的关系及预测价值。方法 选择2019 年3～6 月在我院接受治疗的VD 患者60 例为研究对象，同时选取同期在我院接受检查的健康者60 例为对照组，比较两组患者的Lp-PLA2、IGF-1、简易智力状态检查量表评分（MMSE）水平；采用Pearson 相关性分析法对Lp-PLA2、IGF-1 与MMSE 评分的相关性进行分析；采用受试者工作曲线（ROC）下面积（AUC）比较Lp-PLA2、IGF-1 对VD 的预测价值。结果 观察组患者的Lp-PLA2 水平明显高于对照组（P＜0.05），观察组患者的IGF-1、MMSE 评分明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）；Lp-PLA2 与MMSE 评分呈负相关性，IGF-1 与MMSE 评分呈正相关性；Lp-PLA2 与IGF-1 诊断VD 的AUC 值分别为0.940、0.954。结论Lp-PLA2 水平越低，IGF-1 水平越高，患者的认知功能越好，且Lp-PLA2、IGF-1 对老年VD 患者均具有较高的预测价值。     

Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in ventilator-induced lung injury in mice via the IRE1α-TRAF2-NF-κB pathway

Inflammation plays a critical role in the development of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with a variety of diseases through the modulation of inflammatory responses. However, little is known about how ER stress is implicated in VILI. In this study, murine mechanical ventilation models were constructed. Total protein and inflammatory cytokines were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissue injury was assessed by histology. Our data revealed that mice subjected to high tidal ventilation (TV) for 4 h showed more severe pulmonary edema and inflammation than those of mice with spontaneous breathing and low TV-treatment. In addition, the high TV-treated animals upregulated the ER stress markers GRP78, CHOP, p-IRE1α, TRAF2, and p-NF-κB expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in lung tissue. Administration of thapsigargin exacerbated the histological changes, inflammation and expression of GRP78 and CHOP after high TV, but treatment with ER stress and IRE1α kinase inhibitors attenuated the pathological damage and downregulated the high expression of GRP78, CHOP, p-IRE1α, TRAF2, and p-NF-κB, suggesting that ER stress is involved in VILI though the IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB signaling pathway in mice.     

附加钢板技术治疗股骨干髓内钉术后骨不连的现状和研究进展

目的对附加钢板技术治疗股骨干髓内钉术后骨不连的历史、现状和进展进行综述。方法广泛查阅国内外关于附加钢板技术治疗股骨干髓内钉术后骨不连的临床研究文献，并进行综合分析。结果自 1997 年附加钢板技术已成功用于治疗股骨干髓内钉术后骨不连，根据原髓内钉是否失效，可分为保留原髓内钉和更换原髓内钉两类。该技术不仅适用于简单骨不连，还可用于合并严重畸形的复杂性骨不连。相比更换髓内钉、更换外侧钢板和双钢板技术，附加钢板技术手术创伤更小，骨折愈合时间更短，骨折愈合率更高，患者能更早重返社会和工作。然而，该技术也存在一些问题有待解决，包括双皮质螺钉固定困难、缺乏适合股骨干解剖型附加钢板以及缺乏术后功能和生活质量的评估研究。结论相比其他翻修固定方式，附加钢板技术能够获得更高的骨折愈合率和更好的临床预后。然而，术后患者能否在功能和生活质量方面进一步获益还有待证实。此外，还需要更高质量的临床对照研究深入证明其是否确实优于其他翻修固定方式。     

Perioperative management of diabetes

Diabetes is a complex, chronic metabolic disorder affecting approximately 9.3% of the adult population with the estimated number of adults with diabetes worldwide having more than tripled since 2000. This increase has largely been attributed to global urbanization and lifestyle changes. Diabetes affects 10–15% of the surgical population. These patients are frequently elderly, have complex medical co-morbidities and present for both high-risk elective and emergency surgery. This multisystem disease poses a significant challenge to both anaesthesia and surgery with patients with diabetes demonstrating higher morbidity and mortality rates compared to their non-diabetic counterparts. It is crucial that good glycaemic control is maintained throughout the perioperative period as this has been shown to correlate with positive patient outcomes. It is well-recognized that a co-ordinated, multidisciplinary approach aimed at optimizing every point in the patient pathway from GP referral to post-discharge care is required to obtain the best outcomes for the surgical patient with diabetes. The anaesthetist has a key role in the perioperative diabetes multidisciplinary team. Patients themselves are well experienced in manging their own diabetes and should be involved in doing so whenever possible.     

补骨脂素抗增生性瘢痕作用机制研究

目的探讨补骨脂素抗增生性瘢痕的作用机制。方法体外培养成纤维细胞,按随机数字表法分为正常组(培养正常成纤维细胞)、瘢痕组(培养增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞)、TGF-β1组(10 ng/ml TGF-β1处理增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞5 min^12 h)、Smurf2 RNA干扰组[Smad泛素化调节因子2(Smad ubiquitin regulatory factor2,Smurf2)siRNA转染增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞72 h]、补骨脂素组(10μmol/L补骨脂素处理增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞继续培养72 h)、补骨脂素+TGF-β1组(增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞加入补骨脂素培养72 h后加入TGF-β1培养6 h)。采用Western blot法检测Smurf2、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-actin SMA,α-SMA)蛋白表达;RT-PCR法检测Ⅰ型胶原蛋白mRNA表达;ELISA法检测TGF-β1蛋白分泌。结果与正常组比较,瘢痕组Smurf2蛋白[(0.83±0.08)比(0.38±0.07)]表达增加(P<0.05);与瘢痕组比较,Smurf2 RNA干扰组TGF-β1[(2.2±0.18)比(4.2±0.47)]表达降低(P<0.05);TGF-β1组Smurf2[(0.71±0.06)比(0.42±0.04)]、α-SMA[(1.42±0.12)比(0.91±0.09)]蛋白表达增加(P<0.05),Ⅰ型胶原蛋白mRNA[(0.72±0.09)比(0.41±0.07)]表达增加(P<0.05);补骨脂素组Smurf2[(0.05±0.01)比(0.42±0.04)]、α-SMA[(0.71±0.07)比(0.91±0.09)]蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),Ⅰ型胶原蛋白mRNA表达[(0.12±0.04)比(0.41±0.07)]降低(P<0.05)。结论补骨脂素可能通过TGF-β1/Smurf2信号通路抑制α-SMA蛋白表达,从而降低Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达,起到抑制瘢痕形成的作用。     

Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) levels inversely correlate with lung function improvement (delta FEV1) in cystic fibrosis patients receiving ivacaftor treatment

Background

We have recently shown that human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) levels correlate with the severity of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. However, there are no data on how HE4 levels alter in patients receiving CFTR modulating therapy.

Registro Multicêntrico de Takotsubo (REMUTA) – Aspectos Clínicos,Desfechos Intra-Hospitalares e Mortalidade a Longo Prazo

BackgroundTakotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acquired form of cardiomyopathy. National Brazilian data on this condition are scarce. The Takotsubo Multicenter Registry (REMUTA) is the first to include multicenter data on this condition in Brazil.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical characteristics, prognosis, in-hospital treatment, in-hospital mortality, and mortality during 1 year of follow-up.MethodsThis is an observational, retrospective registry study including patients admitted to the hospital with diagnosis of TTS and patients admitted for other reasons who developed this condition. Evaluated outcomes included triggering factor, analysis of exams, use of medications, complications, in-hospital mortality, and mortality during 1 year of follow-up. A significance level of 5% was adopted.ResultsThe registry included 169 patients from 12 centers in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mean age was 70.9 ± 14.1 years, and 90.5% of patients were female; 63% of cases were primary TTS, and 37% were secondary. Troponin I was positive in 92.5% of patients, and median BNP was 395 (176.5; 1725). ST-segment elevation was present in 28% of patients. Median left ventricular ejection fraction was 40 (35; 48)%. We observed invasive mechanical ventilation in 25.7% of cases and shock in 17.4%. Mechanical circulatory support was used in 7.7%. In-hospital mortality was 10.6%, and mortality at 1 year of follow-up was 16.5%. Secondary TTS and cardiogenic shock were independent predictors of mortality.ConclusionThe results of the REMUTA show that TTS is not a benign pathology, as was once thought, especially regarding the secondary TTS group, which has a high rate of complications and mortality. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; 115(2):207-216)