Internal131Cs dosimetry

Summary Because of the growing interest in¹³¹Cs as a tracer for myocardium and thyroid scintigraphy, its internal dosimetry in man was reviewed and determined. The absorbed dose was calculated using the method of Loevinger and Berman, with minor modifications, i.e. taking into account the different activities of the body organs and their contribution to the absorbed dose. Special attention was also paid to the softer and non-penetrating radiations, namely L and M, capture events and Auger electrons, in relation to the decay of the nuclide. Dosimetric data for the thyroid were determined experimentally.     

Laryngeal mask airway in neonatal resuscitation: a survey of current practice and perceived role by anaesthesiologists and paediatricians

Objectives: To survey current practice and to compare the opinion of paediatricians and anaesthesiologists regarding laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in neonatal resuscitation. Design: A structured postal questionnaire on the use of the laryngeal mask airway in neonatal resuscitation was sent to the heads of department of the paediatric and anaesthesiology services. Setting: Forty-three hospitals in the Veneto Region, Italy. Results: During the year 2000, 1526 out of 33708 (4.5%) neonates in our region needed resuscitation. Of these cases, 101 (6.6%) were ventilated using the LMA. Laryngeal mask airway availability was significantly greater in the anaesthesiology department compared to the paediatric department (90% versus 50%; P=0.002). However, 52% of anaesthesiologists and 72% of paediatricians had never used the laryngeal mask airway in their practice. The laryngeal mask airway was considered as an essential device more frequently by the anaesthesiologists than by the paediatricians (27% versus 5%; P=0.015); both groups considered the laryngeal mask airway particularly useful in specific situations. Interestingly, while 16% of the paediatricians described the laryngeal mask airway as having no value, none of the anaesthesiologists did (P=0.002). Staff competence was considered low by 70% of anaesthesiology heads of department compared with 90% of their pediatric colleagues. In both specialties, use of the laryngeal mask airway was limited to medical staff. With regard to training, 35% of anaesthesiologists and 22.5% of paediatricians had attended a course on laryngeal mask airway use. Conclusions: Laryngeal mask airway availability and perceived value were higher amongst anaesthesiologists than their paediatric colleagues. However, educational level, competence and utilization rates of the LMA in neonatal resuscitation were low in both groups.     

Tackling antimicrobial resistance in lower urinary tract infections: treatment options

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infectious diseases occurring in either the community or healthcare settings. A wide variety of bacteria are responsible for causing UTIs, however extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli or ExPEC) remains the most common etiological agent. Since 2000, resistance to antibiotics emerged globally among ExPEC and is causing delays in appropriate therapy with subsequent increased morbidity and mortality.

Areas covered: The aim of this review article is to provide an overview on the definitions, etiology, treatment guidelines (including agents for infections due to antimicrobial resistant bacteria) of lower UTIs and to highlight recent aspects on antimicrobial resistance of ExPEC.

Expert commentary: For patients with acute uncomplicated lower UTIs, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin or pivmecillinam should be prescribed for a 1-5 day course depending on the agent used. Single-dose fosfomycin is an excellent option for uncomplicated lower UTIs and has had similar clinical and/or bacteriological efficacy for 3- or 7-day regimens for alternate agents (i.e., ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, cotrimoxazole or nitrofurantoin).     

~(131)Ⅰ-碘化油内照射部分脾切除的实验研究-Ⅱ可行性和放射强度耐受量

目的:~(131)I-碘化油内照射性部分脾切除的可行性。材料与方法:选用杂种犬10只,分治疗组(8只)和对照组(2只),治疗组脾动脉造影后注入不同剂量的~(131)I-碘化油,对照组则仅注入碘化油,术后通过脾动脉造影、SPECT、病理和血生化及肝肾功能变化了解脾大小和形态改变,评价其部分脾切除的可行性。结果:1.术后1-2周肝功能一过性改变,4周恢复正常;血生化及肾功能无异常;2.血管造影见脾动脉分支减少、纤细,脾影缩小;3.SPECT显示脾大小和重量均缩小;4.病理证实脾脏缩小而其他器官未受损害。结论:~(131)I-碘化油介入性核素内照射方法,生物耐受性良好,可以达到部分脾切除的目的,是一种可行的治疗脾亢的新尝试。     

^131I治疗甲亢患者的心理伦理干预

目的探讨心理伦理干预对^131I治疗甲亢患者的疗效影响。方法采用随机对照研究。对124例甲亢患者按入院先后顺序随机分为干预组和对照组,对照组实施一般常规的治疗及护理,干预组在常规治疗及护理的基础上,给予心理干预。在治疗前、干预后3个月用焦虑自评量表（SAS）进行的测评,比较2组的治疗效果。结果干预组焦虑程度的改善均明显优于对照组（〈0．05）;干预组治疗效果明显优于对照组（〈0．05）,差异有统计学意义。结论心理伦理干预对行^131I治疗的甲亢患者焦虑情绪和甲状腺功能有明显效果。     

Is MIBG a substrate of P-glycoprotein?

Purpose Radionuclide therapy with ¹³¹I-labelled meta-iodobenzylguanidine ([¹³¹I]MIBG) is effective in cases where it is difficult to carry out surgical resection or debulking of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). However, it has recently been reported that P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is expressed in these NETs. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether MIBG is a substrate of P-gp or not. In this study, using a human cell line which overexpresses P-gp, LLC-GA5-COL150, we investigated this question. Methods The transcellular transport and accumulation of [¹²⁵I]MIBG were measured using monolayer cultures grown in Transwell chambers. [¹²⁵I]MIBG was added to either the basolateral or the apical side, aliquots of the incubation medium on the other side were taken at specified times, and the radioactivity was measured. For accumulation experiments, the cells on the filters were solubilised and the radioactivity in aliquots was measured. Results There were no significant differences in the transport of MIBG between LLC-PK₁ and LLC-GA5-COL150 monolayers in either direction until 60 min. With respect to the accumulation of MIBG, there were no significant differences between LLC-PK₁ and LLC-GA5-COL150 cells in either direction. Conclusion MIBG is not a substrate of P-gp. Therefore, radionuclide therapy with MIBG would be useful in the treatment of NETs expressing P-gp.     

射频联合131I治疗失分化甲状腺癌的临床研究

Objective:The aim of this study was to explore clinical efficiency of radio frequency combined with 131I therapy for dedifferentiated thyroid carcinoma.Methods:All patients have been treated by radiofrequency connected with 131I in 29 cases of dedifferentiated thyroid carcinoma which performed radionuclide imaging and Ig array of blood serum before and after therapy,respectively.Results:There were 4(4/29) positive cases of radionuclide imaging before treatment and 19(19/29) cases 2 weeks after therapy,25(25...     

甲亢患者^131I治疗后早发甲低的甲状腺显像研究

^133I治疗甲状腺功能亢进（简称甲亢）后晚发甲状腺功能减退（简称甲低）多为永久性甲低,其随访观察一直受到普遍重视,目前主要通过有关激素如TSH动态监测和随访确诊。早发甲低分为一过性与永久性,二者的治疗、预后不同。本研究试图探索早期诊断的甲状腺显影征象。     

131I与他巴唑治疗甲亢合并周期性麻痹的疗效分析

131I治疗甲状腺亢进症合并周期性麻痹优于他巴唑.