他克莫司与环磷酰胺治疗儿童激素依赖/频复发型肾病综合征的效果比较

目的:对比观察在儿童激素依赖/频复发型肾病综合征的治疗中应用他克莫司与环磷酰胺的临床效果。方法:择取60例激素依赖/频复发型肾病综合征患儿,以随机摸球法分为观察组与对照组,各30例。观察组予以他克莫司治疗,对照组予以环磷酰胺治疗。治疗后进行为期1年的随访,对比观察两组不良反应的发生情况,治疗前后两组患儿激素使用剂量、复发频率以及治疗后6个月、12个月时生化指标与肾功能指标的变化情况。结果:观察组的不良反应发生率为10.00%,显著低于对照组的36.67%,P<0.05。两组经过治疗后,患儿的激素使用剂量以及复发频率都明显降低,P<0.05;两组患儿的各项生化指标与肾功能指标较治疗前有显著改善,P<0.05。结论:在儿童激素依赖/频复发型肾病综合征的治疗中应用他克莫司与环磷酰胺的临床效果具有相似性,但他克莫司的安全性更高。     

经皮穴位电刺激治疗餐后不适综合征的效果

目的 探讨餐后不适综合征(PDS)患者经皮穴位电刺激(TEAS)治疗临床效果及可能机制。方法 采用前瞻性双盲随机对照研究方法，选取收治的PDS患者80例为研究对象，采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组，对照组为模拟TEAS治疗，观察组为TEAS治疗，采用经皮电刺激对相应穴位或模拟穴位进行治疗1个月。比较两组患者治疗前后相关症状、胃容受性、胃排空以及心率变化情况；比较观察组患者及健康志愿者组织炎症因子表达水平。结果 共52例患者纳入到本研究中，两组患者治疗前各项临床一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组消化不良症状严重程度指数量表(DSSI)评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05),初始饱腹感量(ISV)以及最大耐受量(MTV)显著高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后高频段(HF)较治疗前显著升高(P<0.05),低频段/高频段(LF/HF)显著降低(P<0.05);PDS患者白细胞介素-6(IL-6)表达水平显著高于健康对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后IL-6表达水平显著低于治疗前(P<0.05)。结论 PDS患者在...     

疏肝健脾法治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征1例

肠易激综合征（IBS）是一种常见的功能性疾病，中医病名为"肠郁"。郭朋教授根据IBS生理、病理特点，以疏肝健脾法调和肝脾，辨证施治，取得良好疗效。文章从病因病机、辨证论治及经典案例介绍等几个方面对郭教授治疗IBS经验进行系统阐述，以期为中医药治疗IBS提供理论和方法学参考。     

2例胰岛素自身免疫综合征临床病例分析

通过回顾分析我院2例确诊为胰岛素自身免疫综合征(IAS)患者的临床资料,并复习相关文献,总结发病机制及治疗方法,探讨IAS患者的临床特点,提高对低血糖症的诊治水平。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

前房注射卡波姆建立大鼠高眼压模型的观察

目的　前房注射卡波姆建立大鼠高眼压模型，观察卡波姆升眼压效果及对大鼠眼前节和视网膜的影响。方法　随机选取30只SD大鼠，注射前3 d早晚测量基线眼压。右眼定为实验眼，左眼定为对照眼，右眼放出房水后将30 μL的5 g·L^-1卡波姆混悬液注入前房，每日早10时、晚22时在大鼠清醒状态下测量眼压。每周进行双眼眼前节照相并对比。4周末处死26只大鼠（另4只持续观察眼压变化至注射后9周）并取双眼眼球行HE染色，观察实验眼与对照眼视网膜形态，对比视网膜厚度及房角形态。结果　注射前，实验眼白天和夜间眼压分别为（11.10±0.90）mmHg（1 kPa=7.5 mmHg）和（11.92±1.07）mmHg，对照眼分别为（11.22±1.07）mmHg和（11.76±1.08）mmHg；实验眼与对照眼相比，白天、夜间眼压差异均无统计学意义（均为 P＞0.05）；白天与夜间眼压相比，实验眼、对照眼差异均有统计学意义（均为P<0.05）。卡波姆在前房中呈现出弥散型和沉积型两种存在方式，弥散型和沉积型大鼠1周内眼压分别为（17.83±3.54）mmHg和（13.00±1.55）mmHg，两者相比差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。注射后第1天至第19天，实验眼与对照眼白天眼压相比差异均具有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05）；注射后第1天至第27天，实验眼与对照眼夜间眼压相比差异均具有统计学意义（均为P＜0.05）。实验眼视网膜形态发生改变，注射后4周视网膜厚度为（254.70±21.80）μm，与对照眼的（346.73±24.63）μm相比，差异有统计学意义（P=0.00）。实验眼前房充满卡波姆及虹膜的混合成分，紧贴角膜内皮并延伸至房角，堵塞小梁网结构，正常虹膜形态消失；对照眼房角形态正常。结论　前房注射卡波姆建立大鼠高眼压模型，可维持高眼压4周以上，昼夜眼压差异较为明显，夜间眼压较白天更高，4周后视网膜出现高眼压损伤后的表现。     

高迁移率族蛋白B1在糖尿病足患者外周血中的表达及意义

目的:探讨高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)在糖尿病足患者外周血中的表达及临床意义。方法:收集92例2型糖尿病足患者静脉血标本作为试验组(糖尿病足组),另外取98例非糖尿病足2型糖尿病患者作为对照(糖尿病组),101例健康人作为正常对照组,采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测受检对象外周静脉血中HMGB1、MMP9和AGE的表达量。结果:与正常对照组相比,糖尿病足组患者和糖尿病组患者血清中HMGB1、MMP9和AGE的表达量显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与糖尿病组患者相比,糖尿病足组患者HMGB1、MMP9和AGE表达量显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);糖尿病足组患者血清中HMGB1的表达量与AGE(r~2=0.31)和MMP9(r~2=0.77)的表达量呈现正相关(P<0.05)。结论:糖尿病足患者外周血中HMGB1的表达量明显升高,其可能是糖尿病足发病机制中的重要参与者。